倍數(shù)表達(dá)+虛擬語氣

英語中“倍數(shù)”的表達(dá)方式一、用times表示倍數(shù)（一般限于包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)三倍或三倍以上的數(shù)。表示兩倍的數(shù)，一般用twice）。其句式有：（前三種為主）“…times+形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than…”例如：Thisropeistwicelongerthanthatone.Thishallisfivetimesbiggerthanourclassroom.“…times+as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as…”例如：Thisdictionaryisfivetimesasthickastheoneyouborrowedfromthelibrary.這本詞典的厚度是你從圖書館借的那本（厚度）的5倍。Thisbigstoneisthreetimesasheavyasthatone.這塊大石頭的重量是那一塊的三倍。（這塊石頭比那塊重二倍）Theplaneflewtentimesashighasthekite.那架飛機(jī)飛行高度是那個(gè)風(fēng)箏的十倍。（高出九倍）“…times+the+名詞（如：size,height,weight,length,width,age等）+of…”例如：Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球的體積是月球的49倍。Thisriveristhreetimesthedepthofthatone.這條河是那條河的三倍深。Thishillisfourtimestheheightofthatsmallone.這座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。（比那座小山高三倍）“…times+more+名詞+than…”例如：Heearnsfivetimesmoremoneythanhedidtenyearsago.他現(xiàn)在掙的錢比十年前掙的多5倍。Therearetwicemorestudentsinourclassthanintheirs.我們班的學(xué)生人數(shù)比他們班多兩倍。“…times+asmany（或much）+名詞+as…”例如：We'veproducedtwiceasmuchcottonthisyearas（wedid）tenyearsago.今年我們生產(chǎn)的棉花比十年前多了一倍。（漢語中的多一倍實(shí)際上也指兩倍一樣多。）Hehasgotthreetimesasmanybooksashissister.他擁有的書的數(shù)量是他妹妹的3倍?！啊璽imes+what從句"例如：Thelengthoftheroadisfourtimeswhatitwasthreeyearsago.這條路的長度是三年前的4倍。Thepriceofthemeatistwicewhatitwaslastyear,肉價(jià)是去年的兩倍?！啊璽imes+upon（或over）…”例如：Thesizeofthesunisamilliontimesoverthatoftheearth.太陽的體積比地球的體積大一百萬倍。Heisthreetimesuponyourage.他的年齡是你的4倍（或：比你的年齡大3倍）?！啊?by+…times”例如：Comparedwithlastyear,ourcoaloutputhasincreasedbythreetimes.與去年相比，我們的煤產(chǎn)量增長了3倍?！啊璽imes+comparedwith+被比較對(duì)象”例如：Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolhasincreasedfourtimescomparedwith1980.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)比1980年增加了4倍。"…times+thatof+被比較對(duì)象”例如：InthisworkshoptheoutputofJulywasthreetimesthatofJanuary,這個(gè)車間七月份的產(chǎn)量是元月份的3倍。二、用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示倍數(shù)。例如：Theboxisone-thirdbiggerthanthatone,這個(gè)盒子比那個(gè)盒子大三分之一。Lastyeartheoutputvalueofindustrywas59percenthigherthanthatof1976.去年工業(yè)產(chǎn)值比1976年增長了59%。MycommandofEnglishisnothalfsogoodasyours.我英語掌握得還不及你的一半兒好。三、用again（一倍），double（兩倍），triple（三倍），fourfold（四倍）等詞表示倍數(shù)。MyAuntisasoldagainasIam.我姑姑的年齡比我大一倍。Thetop-brandclothesareoftensoldasdoublethenormalpricehere.這里名牌衣服的售價(jià)經(jīng)常比正常的售價(jià)高一倍。Thenewworkproceduretripledtheoutput.新工藝使產(chǎn)量增加兩倍。Theoutputofgrainincreasedfourfold,糧食產(chǎn)量增加了三倍。Exercise:Americanseatvegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.A.morethantwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyasD.morethantwiceasmanyPaperproducedeveryyearistheworld'sproductionofvehicles.A.thethreeweightofB.threetimestheweightofC.asthreetimesheavyasD.threetimesasheavierasWiththehelpoftheGermanexperts,thefactoryproducedcarsin1993astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyasThisshipmeasuresthatone.A.astwiceaslongB.astwicelongasC.twicelongasD.twiceaslongasAfterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproducedtractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanyasC.astwiceasmanyD.twiceasmanyCBCDD英語中有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與事實(shí)相反，或不可能發(fā)生的情況。一.虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或不可能發(fā)生：條件狀語從句:一般過去時(shí)（虛擬語氣中befwere）主句用would（should,could,might）+動(dòng)詞原形。Ifwehadtimenow,wewouldreaditagain.IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkhard.表示與過去事實(shí)相反或不可能發(fā)生：條件狀語從句：had+過去分詞；主句：would(should,could,might)+have+過去分詞。Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthetest.IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberthen,Iwouldhavecalledyou.表示與將來的事實(shí)可能相反或不可能發(fā)生：條件狀語從句：①一般過去時(shí)②should+動(dòng)詞原形③wereto+動(dòng)詞原形；主句：would(should,could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形。Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.P.S虛擬條件句的特殊情況(1).混合/錯(cuò)綜型虛擬語氣當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，稱為‘錯(cuò)綜條件句’，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.(從句說的是過去，主句是現(xiàn)在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(從句是現(xiàn)在，主句是過去)(2)省略if的虛擬語氣如果從句中含有were/should/had時(shí)，則可以把這三個(gè)詞置于句首，省略if.采用倒裝語序。Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?fShouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?Ifhehadrecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.fHadherecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.含蓄虛擬條件句有時(shí)候假設(shè)的情況不以if引導(dǎo)的條件從句形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過一個(gè)介詞短語，連詞或其他形式表示。常用的詞或短語有：without,with,butfor(要是沒有),otherwise,or,but等。Withoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp),wecouldnothavesucceeded.Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.Hefeltverytiredyesterday,or/otherwisehewouldhaveattendedtheparty.在ifitwere(hadbeen)notfor….句型中的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣也常用于‘ifitwere/(hadbeen)notfor???.'句型中，意為'要不是由于…’Ifitwerenotforpeace,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Iwouldhavegonebankrupt.二.虛擬語氣用在名詞性從句中主語從句中的虛擬語氣這種虛擬語氣主要用在itis+形容詞(名詞，過去分詞)+that+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形(should可省略)這種結(jié)構(gòu)中。常見的這類形容詞有：advisable,anxious,better,desirable,surprising,natural,necessary,strange,important,regretful.常見的這類過去分詞有：decided,demanded,recommended,requested,desired,required,ordered,suggested.常見的這類名詞有：duty,pity,nosurprise,nowonder,regret,shame.Itwassuggestedthathe(should)jointheclubactivities.Itisstrange(surprising,disappointing)thatshe(should)nothavebeeninvited.Itisapitythathe(should)refusetoaccepttheoffer.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣wish后面所跟賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣(意為要是，但愿…就好了)，其形式主要有三種：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish后接一般過去時(shí)的從句表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：wish后接過去完成時(shí)/should，couldhavedone表示對(duì)將來情況的虛擬：wish后接would，could+動(dòng)詞原形Iwishitwerespringallyearround.Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.Shewishedshehadstayedathome.在表示建議，命令，要求等動(dòng)詞后的從句要用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。此類動(dòng)詞有：suggest,advise,propose,demand,require,insist(要求)，order,prefer,command,ask,request.Theteacherorderedthatallthebooks(should)behandedinontime.P.S.當(dāng)suggest表示‘暗示，說明’之意；insist表示‘堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說’之意時(shí)，從句不用虛擬，用正常的陳述語氣。Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithlife.表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在表示建議，命令，要求的名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。常見名詞有：advice,desire,request,demand,proposal,suggestion,preference,requirement,order.Hegaveordersthattheguests(should)behospitalentertained.Hisproposalisthatwe(should)getridofthebadhabits.虛擬語氣在其他情況中的使用在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若從句與事實(shí)相反，則要用虛擬語氣。其形式如下：主語+asif/though+主語+一般過去時(shí)(從句的動(dòng)作與主句同時(shí)發(fā)生)主語+asif/though+主語+would/could+動(dòng)詞原形(從句的動(dòng)作相對(duì)主句來說在將來發(fā)生)主語+asif/though+主語+過去完成時(shí)(從句的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前)Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.ShespeaksEnglishwellasifhehadstudiedinAmerica.HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgoabroad.在itis(high)timethat…句型中也用虛擬語氣，從句常用過去式，有時(shí)也用should+動(dòng)詞原形，表示早該做而沒做的事，含建議的意味。Itistimethatwewenthome.P.S.此句型中，注意與‘It/Thisisthe+序數(shù)詞+timethat+現(xiàn)在完成式的區(qū)別。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.3.wouldrather后接動(dòng)詞原形，但接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣（寧愿，但愿）。Wouldrather+主語+一般過去時(shí)（表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾矗￤ouldrather主語+過去完成時(shí)(表示與過去相反)IdratherhecTidtngonow.’Idratheryouhadtdoneit.if。響接從句也用虛擬語氣，其形式與wish的用法一致。動(dòng)詞hope,intend,mean,plan,want,等詞用過去完成的形式，表示的意思為‘本想，本打算，本認(rèn)為'Hehadmeanttobuythefurniturelastweek,but(他上周i本打算去買那件家具，但卻下雨了).IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.A.beB.wasC.wereD.am.IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,theyspeakwithFrenchaccents.A.don'tB.willnotC.mustn'tD.wouldn,ttoday,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?A.WereweleavingB.IfweleaveC.Wouldw