2023年中石化英語職稱考試往年真題精選

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aｒoundｔheglobｅsome2，00０mｉｌesfromtheＳouｔｈPoｌeitselｆ,justmissｅstheｌowｅｒｔipofSoｕｔhAｍeｒica,ａndisｗellbｅlowtheCapeoｆGoｏdHｏpeandNewZealanｄ.TheｒeareanumｂeｒoｆsｍaｌliｓlandsbetweenthｉslineandtheＡｎtａrｃticcoｎｔinｅnt,butthewaｔersｈereareknowｎtomａriｎｅrｓａs"ｔｈescreamingSixｔies"becausetheｒｅｉssoliｔtleobstructiｏntotｈewoｒld-cirｃliｎgｗinｄs.Incontrast,inｔhenoｒthernｈemisphere,thelａndslｙiｎgaboｖetｈｅsｉxtiethparａｌleloｆlatiｔｕｄeｉncｌudｅｍｕchofＳｃanｄinaｖia,SiberiaａndAｌaｓｋa,ａllofGrｅenｌandandIceｌand，ｗitｈaｔｏtａｌpopuｌａt(yī)ioｎｏfｓevｅｒalmilｌｉon.Ｇｒｅatmouｎtainshｅlpｓubdｕeｔhewinｄs;aｓpｕrｏftｈeＧuｌｆStreａｍａndｐartｏftheJapａnＣurrenttempertｈｅfrigidairsoｆthiｓpｏlarregiｏn.Thｉｓ,andtｈeｐresenceoｆｔhｅArcticOceanintheｃenterｏftheｇrｅatｌandmass,ｇiveｔheaｒeａamarｋｅdlyｄifferenｔcｏnformａt(yī)ｉｏnaｎdcｌimaｔeｆｒｏｍthatａroｕndtｈｅoppｏsiｔeｐole.Antarctｉcaｓeemsavａstbasｉnｏfｒｏck,ｆillｅｄanｄoverｆlｏwinｇwithalｏadofice.IntｈeheartｏftｈeｃｏntｉnｅnｔiｔｉsａｌmostashighasｔhｅsｕmmitｓoftｈeAlps,yetsoｕndｉngsshoｗthatinsｏmepｌaceｓtherocｋｆｌoorisbｅlowseａｌeveｌ.Actually,tｈeｉceaccumulationisleｓsthａniｔｗasperhａps1，0０0yｅａrｓaｇo.Ｉｔｓseaｗardflｏｗisnｏtsovoluminousaｓｉtoncewas,anｄasarｅｓｕltｔｈereaｒｅpａt(yī)cheｓofbareroｃｋｈeｒeandｔheｒeaｌongthecｏastanｄinland.Theyｗｅrｅscｏuredｃｌearofｓｏilａｇｅsａgo，ｂｕｔonemayｓｏmetimeｓｆindmossorlicｈｅnｓgrｏwing，tｈｏｕｇhvirtuａｌlynoｆloweringｐｌanｔs.4１.UnｌikｅthｅNorthＰoｌｅ，ｔhｅSoｕthＰoleisA.nｏtfiｘedinonｅｐoｓitｉonB.ｔheｓａmeａｓｔhｅSouthＭａｇnｅticＰｏleC．onlandcoveredwitｈicｅD.oｎwatｅr4２.ThelarｇearｅaｉnｔhｅｓouｔhernhemiｓphereistaｋenｕpbyA.ｔhemajorpartofSoｕthAmerｉcaＢ.ocｅaｎsC.ＡｕstrａｌiaD.Afｒiｃa４3.ThｅmakeｒsoftheAntａrｃticTreatyclｅarlywaｎtedtoA.pｒevenｔtｈeRussianｓfｒｏｍｓettlingiｎA(yù)ntaｒcｔiｃaB.preｖentpossｅsｓｉoｎorcｏnｔroｌbyanｙnatioｎC.ｃonsｅrveｉtｓnａt(yī)uｒalｒesoｕrcｅsD.iｎｓｕｒｅtｈesaｆetyｏfｔheｎaｔｉvesofAntarctiｃａ44.LanｄanｉｍalｓonthｅAntａrcｔiｃcontinenｔＡ.aｒeinsectsoｎlｙB.ａrerelicsofｔheprｅhiｓtoｒｉcｐastC.ａrｅfur－beａringaniｍalｓａｎdcold-bloodedD.existｏnlyｉnthefossiｌｓtａt(yī)eＱuestiｏns45tｏ４8arebaseｄontｈｅfｏlｌowingpaｓsage:Americanssｍokesｉxtｈousanｄｍｉlｌｉｏnｃiｇarｅｔｔesevｅｒｙyear（19７0fiｇuｒｅs).Tｈisiｓroughlytｈeeｑｕivalenｔof4，１９5cigareｔteｓayearfｏｒeveｒypersoｎinｔhecountrｙof18yｅarsofagｅoｒmorｅ．Itiseｓtｉmatedthat5１%ｏfAmericanｍensｍpareｄｗｉｔh34％ｏfAmeｒiｃanｗoｍｅｎ．Sinｃe19３9,nｕｍerouｓsｃientｉfｉcstudieｓhavｅbeenｃoｎductｅdtodeterminewｈetheｒsｍokingｉｓａｈeａlthhazaｒｄ.Ｒeseａｒｃhｔeamshaｖeconductedstuｄieｓｔhａt(yī)shｏwbeyｏndalｌrｅasonabｌｅdoubtthattobaｃcosｍｏｋing,particularlycｉgaｒetｔesmｏkｉngｉsａｓｓoｃｉateｄwithashoｒｔenｅdlｉｆｅexpeｃtａncy.Cigarｅｔtesｍokinｇisbｅｌｉevｅdｂymostrｅｓeaｒchwｏrｋｅrsiｎｔhisfieldtoｂeａniｍportａntfａｃｔorinthedeｖeｌopmentｏfcａncｅｒｏfthｅlｕngsanｄcancerｏfthetｈroat.Mａlecigaretｔｅsｍｏkerｓｈavｅahiｇherdeathratｅfｒoｍheａｒtdisｅasｅthannｏｎ-sｍokingmales.（Femａlｅsmokersareｔhoughttobeleｓsaffectedbｅｃausetｈeｙdonｏtbｒeatheinｔhesmokｅsoｄeeply.)Themajoｒitｙofｄｏctｏrｓanｄｒｅｓｅarchｅrｓconsiｄeｒtｈeserelatｉonｓhｉpsprovedthｅｉrｐoinｔａndsay,"Giveｕpsmokinｇ．Ifyoudon'tsｍoｋe--ｄon'tｓtａrt！"Somedoctorｓanｄｒesｅarchworｋeｒs－-ｔｈoughthｅｉrｓｍａllnumｂerisdｅｃｒeaseｄevenfｕrtｈer--arｅlessｓｕreoftheｅffecｔofｃigａｒettesmokingonhealtｈ.Theyｃｏｎsidｅrthｅincreaseinrespiratｏｒydiｓeaｓeｓandvariouｓfoｒmｓｏｆcancermayｐｏｓsiｂlybeexplaiｎeｄｂyｏtherfactorsｉnthehumanenvｉrｏnment—aｔmｏｓｐherｉcｐolｌution，increaｓeｄnerｖｏusstreｓs，chemicａlsubstanceｉｎprocｅssedfoｏd,orcｈemicalpestiｃｉdｅｓtｈａｔaｒenowbeingｕsedbyfarｍersinlaｒgeｑｕantiｔiestodestｒoyｉnsectsandsmａllanimals.Sｍｏkeｒswhodeveｌoｐcanceｒoｒｌuｎｇdｉseaseｓ,thｅｙｓay,mａyalso,bycｏｉｎｃidｅnce,ｌiveｉｎiｎdustrialareasoreａt(yī)ｍoｒｅcaｎnｅdfood．Grａduaｌly,however,ｒｅseaｒchｉsisolatinｇaｌloｔherpoｓsｉblefａcｔorsａnｄpｒovｉngthｅmtobeｓtaｔisｔiｃallｙｉrreleｖant.Aparｔfroｍｔhｅｓcｉenｔiｆicstatistiｃs，itmｉghtbｅhelｐfｕltｏlｏｏｋaｔwhａｔsmokｉngtobaccoａcｔｕallｙdoｅsｔｏthehumanbｏｄy.Smokeiｓamｉxｔureofgases,vaｐoｒｉｚeｄcｈeｍｉcals,smaｌlparticlesofａsh，ａndｏthersoｌids.Theｒeｉsalsonicotinｅ，whicｈｉsapowerｆulpoｉsｏn,andｂlacktar.Astheｓmokeisｂreathedｉn,aｌlｔｈｅｓｅcoｍpｏｎeｎtsfoｒmdｅpositｓonｔheｍeｍbrａｎesｏfｔheluｎgs.Ｏｎepointofconceｎtrationisｗｈeretｈｅairtube，ｏrbrｏｎｃｈus，dｉvidｅｓ.Mｏstlungcanceｒbeｇinsａt(yī)ｔhispoiｎt．Smoｋingalｓoaffeｃｔstheheaｒｔaｎｄblｏoｄvｅsｓeｌs.IｔiｓknｏｗntoｂerelaｔedtoBeｕrｇeｒ'sdｉsease,ａnarroｗingoftｈｅｓｍaｌlｖesselsinthehａnｄｓandｆeetｔhatcaｎｃａusegreａｔpａinａndlｅadevｅntotheampuｔatioｎｏfｌiｍbs.Ｗhｉｌｅａlltｏｂaccosmokingafｆｅctslifeaｎdexｐeｃｔａnｃyanｄhealth,ｃｉgaｒｅttesmoｋinｇappeａｒstoｈaveamuchgreatereffectｔｈanｃigarorｐｉpｅsmｏkiｎg．Ｈowｅveｒ，niｃoｔinｅcｏnsumptionisnotdecreasedｂytheｌatterforｍs,ａndcurreｎtresｅarcｈshｏwsacausａｌrelａｔｉonshｉｐｂetｗeenａｌlforｍsｏfsmokiｎｇaｎdｃaｎceｒｏfthｅｍｏuthａnｄｔｈrｏaｔ.Fiｌtｅrsanｄlｏwtartobacｃoareclaiｍedtomakesmｏkinｇtoｓoｍeeｘｔenｔsafer,buttheyｃanoｎlyreduce,nｏteliminａt(yī)ｅthehazarｄs.45.Ｗhaｔcaｎｗemainlygｅtfrｏｍｔhepａssage?A.Sｍokingｉsｈarmfｕlｔoｈｅａｌth．B.Ｗｏｍensmokeｒsarｅｈealｔhiｅrthａｎmenｓmoｋｅrｓ.C.Ｔheｉncreaseddｉsｅaseshａｖesomethiｎｇtoｄoｗｉｔhpｏllutｉon.D．Ｓｍokingcigareｔtesismｏｒeharmｆuｌthansmｏkingｐipeｓ.46.Cｉｇａｒeｔteｓmoｋinｇisｂｅlieｖedbyｄoctorsto__A.rｅｄuceｎervousstｒeｓsB.ｃａｕsｅsｌunganｄｔhrｏatcａｎcｅrＣ.makｅｌifeshoｒｔerbuｔexciｔｉnｇD.ｂｒoａdenthｅｂlｏｏdvesｓelｓ4７.Woｍｅｎsmokershavealowerdeathraｔetｈanmeｎsmｏkersｂecauｓｅ__Ａ.womensmokelightｃiｇａrettｅsＢ．womeｎｓmｏkelesｓｃｉgａｒeｔｔesC.woｍｅn＇sboｄieｓcａnprevｅntnｉcoｔineD.wｏmenｄon'tbreatheintｈesmｏkesodｅeplｙ48.WhaｔisBｅｕrger'ｓdisｅaｓｅ？A．Itisakｉndoflｕngｃａnceｒ.B．Ithappensｉｎtｈｅhandsandfee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