考研英語(yǔ)完型填空模擬試題及答案解析

TheTreasurycouldpocket20millionayearinextrafinesoncethecountry‘sspeedcameraworkisexpanded.Motoringorganizationswarnedthatthe1couldbeeapolltaxonwheels’，2hugenumberofdrivers.Therecouldbemanymoreincidentsofvandalism3cameras.Thewarningscame4aDailyMailsurveyfoundalmostallthe23policeforcesinEnglandandWaleswereeither5toexpansionplansorconsidering6.Nationwide，thenumberofspeedingticketsisexpectedtotreble，790millionayear.8thekeepsomeofthecashfromfinesto9thecostsoffittingandmaintainingextracamerasand10thatexistingonesalwayshavefilminthem.TherestwillgototheTreasury.BothMinistersandpoliceinsisttheschemeisaimed11atmakingroadssafer.Theypointtotrialsineightareaswhichcutcollisionsbyaquarteranddeathsandseriousinjuriesby12ahalf.Butmotoringorganizationsfearcameraswillbesitedonrelativelysafe13faststretchestocatchasmanydriversaspossible.Someforcesarealsoexpectedto14the“threshold”speedsatwhichcamerasare15totheabsolutelegalminimum-15mphina10mph26mphina20mphzone.Thiscouldencouragedriverstostareattheirspeedometersinsteadofconcentratingontheand16tomoreaidents.SueofcampaignsattheRAC，said，“Wedon‘thaveaproblemwithspeedcameras17.Butwedohaveconcernsabout18theyaresited.Policerisklosingcredibility19motoristsifcamerasareseenasrevenue-raising20safetydevices.”1.[A]promotions[B]punishments[C]penalties[D]payments2.[A]isolating[B]separating[C]alienating[D]detaching3.[A]towards[B]against[C]before[D]over4.[A]so[B]once[C]as[D]where5.[A]subjected[B]engaged[C]intended[D]mitted6.[A]takingpart[B]keepingsilence[C]makingexception[D]payingrespect7.[A]financing[B]profiting[C]funding[D]ting8.[A]From[B]Under[C]On[D]With9.[A]hide[B]cover[C]conceal[D]veil10.[A]pledging[B]assuring[C]confirming[D]ensuring11.[A]essentially[B]strongly[C]wholeheartedly[D]purely12.[A]inall[B]fewerthan[C]atmost[D]upto13.[A]but[B]whereas[C]though[D]while14.[A]fit[B]put[C]set[D]fix15.[A]levered[B]geared[C]handled[D]triggered16.[A]lead[B]add[C]contribute[D]resort17.[A]anyless[B]byitself[C]afterall[D]assuch18.[A]who[B]when[C]where[D]which19.[A]in[B]with[C]against[D]for20.[A]inspiteof[B]farfrom[C]ratherthan[D]bymeansof答案1.C2.C3.B4.C5.D6.A7.D8.B9.B10.D11.D12.D13.A14.C15.B16.A17.D18.C19.B20.C總體分析本文講述了英國(guó)車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像體系擴(kuò)張方案的內(nèi)容及影響，著重闡述了這一方案的支持者(警察和財(cái)政部門(mén))和反對(duì)者(機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)管理機(jī)構(gòu))的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。全文翻譯一旦擴(kuò)大車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像體系，這個(gè)國(guó)家財(cái)政部每年就能從罰款中額外增加2000萬(wàn)收入。機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)管理機(jī)構(gòu)警告說(shuō)這種罰款可能變成對(duì)汽車(chē)征收的人頭稅，從而疏遠(yuǎn)很多駕駛者。也可能出現(xiàn)更多破壞攝像機(jī)的事件。警告出現(xiàn)的同時(shí)，《每日郵報(bào)》的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)英格蘭和威爾士的23支警力幾乎都有所行動(dòng)，不是致力于部署監(jiān)控體系的擴(kuò)張方案，就是在考慮參加其中。預(yù)計(jì)(在實(shí)施監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)后)全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)違章超速行駛的罰單數(shù)量會(huì)增加兩倍，罰金數(shù)目一年達(dá)9000萬(wàn)。按照方案，警察保存一局部罰金用以支付安裝和維修新攝像機(jī)的費(fèi)用，并且保證現(xiàn)有的攝像機(jī)中總是裝有膠卷。其余的罰金將上繳財(cái)政部。財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)們和警察都堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為該方案的目的是提高公路的平安性。他們指出八個(gè)試點(diǎn)地區(qū)撞車(chē)事故減少了四分之一，嚴(yán)重傷亡事故減少至一半。但是機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)管理機(jī)構(gòu)擔(dān)憂(yōu)警察為了多開(kāi)罰單會(huì)把攝像機(jī)裝在相對(duì)平安但行車(chē)速度較快的直行道上，還會(huì)為車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)設(shè)置最低合法車(chē)速標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如把正常的每小時(shí)10英里限速提高到每小時(shí)15英里，每小時(shí)20英里限速提高到每小時(shí)26英里。這樣做會(huì)使司機(jī)盯著自己的里程計(jì)而不把精力集中到路面上，從而引發(fā)更多的交通事故。英國(guó)皇家汽車(chē)俱樂(lè)部(RAC)活動(dòng)負(fù)責(zé)人休。尼科爾森說(shuō)，“嚴(yán)格上說(shuō)，我們對(duì)車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)并無(wú)意見(jiàn)，我們擔(dān)憂(yōu)的是它們被安放的地點(diǎn)。如果把監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)視為(政府)聚斂財(cái)政收入的手段而不是平安設(shè)施，那么警察就可能喪失他們?cè)隈{駛者心目中的威信”Whentelevisionfirstbegantoexpand,veryfewofthepeoplewhohadbeefamousasradiomentatorswereequallyeffectiveontelevision.Someofthe1theyexperiencedwhentheyweretryingto2themselvestothenewmediumweretechnical.Whenworking3radio,forexample,theyhadbee4toseeingon5ofthelistener.This6ofseeingforothersmeansthatthe7hastobeverygoodattalking.8all,hehastobeableto9acontinuoussequenceofvisualimageswhich10meaningtothesoundswhichthelistenerhears.Inthe11oftelevision,however,thementatorsees12withtheviewer.Hisrole,therefore,is13different.Heistheretomake14thattheviewerdoesnot15somepointsofinterest,tohelphim16onparticularthings,andto17theimagesonthetelevisionscreen.18hisradiocolleague,hemustknowthe19ofsilenceandhowtouseitatthosemoments20thepicturesspeaksforthemselves.1.A.difficultiesB.suessesC.sufferingsD.incidents2.A.turnB.adaptC.alterD.modify3.A.onB.atC.withD.behind4.A.experiencedB.determinedC.establishedD.austomed5.A.aountB.sideC.pointD.behalf6.A.efficiencyB.technologyC.artD.performance7.A.mentatorB.TVviewerC.speakerD.author8.A.OfB.ForC.AboveD.In9.A.inspireB.createC.causeD.perceive10.A.addB.applyC.affectD.reflect11.A.oasionB.eventC.factD.case12.A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.anything13.A.equallyB.pletelyC.initiallyD.hardly14.A.definiteB.possibleC.sureD.clear15.A.loseB.depriveC.relieveD.miss16.A.focusB.attendC.followD.insist17.A.exhibitB.demonstrateC.exposeD.interpret18.A.LikeB.UnlikeC.AsD.For19.A.purposeB.goalC.valueD.intention20.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.as參考答案及解析：1.【答案】A.difficulties【解析】此題測(cè)試詞義搭配。本句譯文：當(dāng)他們?cè)噲D適應(yīng)這種新的媒體時(shí)他們遇到的困難是技術(shù)性的。2.【答案】B.adapt【解析】此題測(cè)試構(gòu)造型詞義搭配。adaptoneselftosth.使……適應(yīng)于：Whenyougotoaforeigncountry,youshouldadaptyourselftonewmannersandcustoms.turnto求助于：Youcanturntohimforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.alter(局部的)改變，修改：Haveyoualteredyourmind?(你是否已改變主意?)modify(稍稍)修改，變更：Youhavetomodifytheplanifnecessary.此外，modify還可以作“修飾”解，如：Adverbsmodifyverbs.3.【答案】A.on【解析】此題測(cè)試慣用搭配。onradio用無(wú)線(xiàn)電，通過(guò)播送(強(qiáng)調(diào)行為手段)：Theconcertisbroadcastonradio.onradio在涵義上相當(dāng)于byradio,例如，Wecanlistentomusicbroadcastbyradio.此外，還有ontheradio意為：“通過(guò)播送，無(wú)線(xiàn)電播送中”，例如：1)Ilistentothemusicontheradio.2)Therewasgoodmusicontheradiolastnight.at,with,behind與radio不能構(gòu)成慣用搭配，而且從上下文意思上看也不符合題意。1.【答案】D.austomed【解析】此題測(cè)試詞義搭配。be(或bee,get)austomedtosth.ortodoingwillsoongetaustomedtotheclimatehere.(你會(huì)很快習(xí)慣這里的氣候的。)從上下文的邏輯意思和語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造上看，experienced,determined,established均不切題。5.【答案】D.behalf【解析】此題測(cè)試慣用搭配。onbehalfof代表，為了。onaountof由于;onthesideof在….onthepointofdoingsth.剛要做某事。6.【答案】C.art【解析】此題測(cè)試詞義搭配。art技能，本領(lǐng)：theartofseeingforothers意為：“這種替別人看實(shí)況的技能”。technology技術(shù)，performance演出，節(jié)目，執(zhí)行，完成;efficiency效率，均不符合題意。7.【答案】A.mentator【解析】此題測(cè)試邏輯型詞義搭配。本句譯為：這種替別人看實(shí)況的技能意味著，電視講解員必須有高超的談話(huà)藝術(shù)。8.【答案】C.Above【解析】此題測(cè)試慣用搭配。aboveall(=mostimportant)最重要的。inall總共：Therearethirtystudentsinallintheclass.forall是復(fù)合介詞，意為“盡管”。HavingpassedwhatIconsideredtheworstobstacle,ourspiritsrose.We1towardstheleftofthecliff,wherethegoingwasbetter,2rathersteeper.Herewefoundlittlesnow,3mostofitseemedtohavebeen4offthemountain.Therewasno5ofthemountaininthedistancebecausethecloudswereformingallaroundus.About1o’clockastorm6suddenly.Wehadtimetohave7itsapproachbutwewereconcentratingoncuttingsteps,and8wehadtimetodoanything,wewereblindedbysnow.Wecouldnotmoveupordownandhadtowait9,gettingcolderandcolder.10mymynoseandcheekswerefrostbittenandIdarednottakeahandoutofmyglovetowarmthem.Aftertwohoursofthis,Irealizedwewouldhavetodo11toavoidbeingfrozentodeathwherewestood.FromtimetotimethroughthemistIhad12theoutlineofadarkbuttress(扶壁)justaboveus,todescendinthewindwas13question;ouronlyhopewastoscrambleuptothisbuttress,anddigoutaplatformatthefootofitonwhichwecould14ourtent.Weclimbedtothisplaceandstartedto15theice.Atfirstmypanionseemedtoregardthe16ashopelessbutgraduallythewind17andhecheeredup.18wehadmadeaplatformbigenoughtoputupthetent,andwedidthisas19wecould.We20intooursleepingbagsandfellasleep,fellingthatwewereluckytobestillalive.1.A.setB.gotC.madeD.took2.AevenB.thoughC.soD.if3.A.whenB.whereC.asD.sothat4.A.fallenB.flownC.splitD.blown5.A.viewB.visionC.lookD.glimpse6.A.cameupB.cameoutC.cameoverD.cameon7.A.viewedB.noticedC.notifiedD.glanced8.A.afterB.beforeC.unlessD.until9.A.motionlesslyB.constantlyC.steadilyD.continually10.A.InspiteofB.InrelationtoC.IncaseofD.Intheeventof11.A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything12.A.laidoutB.madeoutC.drawnoutD.markedout13.A.withoutB.inC.beyondD.outofdate14.A.wrenchB.wedgeC.padD.pinch15.A.cutdownB.cutawayC.cutoutD.cutoff16.A.positionB.situationC.oupationD.orientation17.A.diedoutB.diedoffC.diedbackD.dieddown18.A.InsteadofB.FurthermoreC.IndeedD.Atlast19.A.wellB.goodC.bestD.better20.A.climbedB.crashedC.creptD.crawled參考答案及解析：1.【答案】C.made【解析】此題測(cè)試慣用搭配.maketowards(=makefor,goforwards,moveinthedirectionof…)朝….走去。2.【答案】B.though【解析】此題測(cè)試邏輯搭配.though表示讓步意義，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。因?yàn)閺木渲髡Z(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)相同，從句謂語(yǔ)又包含be,所以從句中的主語(yǔ)和助動(dòng)詞可以省略。例如：1)Thegirl,thoughplain,hadagoodkindface.2)Iwentontalking,thoughcontinuallyinterruptedbyJohn.3.【答案】C.as【解析】此題測(cè)試邏輯搭配.從上下文意思看，本句中從句與主句的聯(lián)系是因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)選as,表示原因，其他詞均不切題。4.【答案】D.blown【解析】此題測(cè)試詞義搭配.fallen和flown均為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。blowvt.吹，正合題意。本句譯文：這里我們沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)什么雪，因?yàn)榇缶植垦┧坪跻褟纳缴瞎巫吡恕?.【答案】A.view【解析】此題測(cè)試詞義搭配.此處view意為“看見(jiàn)的東西，風(fēng)光”，例如：Yourhousehasafineviewofthehills.你的房子能看到這些小山的美麗風(fēng)光。)本句譯文：看不到遠(yuǎn)處的山，因?yàn)槲覀兯闹艿脑茖诱谛纬伞?.【答案】A.cameup【解析】此題測(cè)試詞義型慣用搭配.eup(=happen)發(fā)生，形成：Asnowstormisingup.(一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雪正在醞釀之中。)本句中有suddenly,故用cameup比cameon更妥。7.【答案】B.noticed【解析】此題測(cè)試詞義搭配.notifyvt.(=informsb.ofsth.;reportsth.tosb.)通知，報(bào)告。glance(at)(=takeaquicklookat)看一眼(強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的過(guò)程)。因此，notify和glance均不符合題意。noticevt.(=beeawareof;意到;留心;看到(強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的結(jié)果);viewvt.(=lookatorwatchcarefully)仔細(xì)觀(guān)察，注視(強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的過(guò)程)?？梢?jiàn)，此句中應(yīng)選，noticed.ThereisgrowinginterestinEastJapanRailwayCo.ltd，oneofthesixpanies，createdoutoftheprivatizednationalrailwaysystem.Inanindustrylackingexcitinggrowth1，itsplantousereal-estateassetsinandaroundtrainstations2isdrawinginterest.Inaplancalled“StationRenaissance”thatit3inEastsaidthatitwould4usingitsmercialspacesforshopsandrestaurants，extendingthemto5moresuitablefortheinformationage.Itwantstrainstationsaspick-up6forsuchgoodsasbooks，flowersandgroceries7overtheInter.Inacountrywherecity8dependheavilyonabout16millionpeopleadaygotoitstrainstationsanyway，thepany10.So，pickingupmoditiesattrainstations11consumersextratravelandmissedhomedeliveries.JREastalreadyhasbeenusingitsstation12storesforthispurpose，butitplanstocreate13spacesforthedeliveryofIntergoods.ThepanyalsoplanstointroduceknowninJapanasICcardsbecausetheyuseintegratedcircuitfor15information16trainticketsandmuterpasses17themagiconesusedthemintoa/an18pass.ThiswillsavethepanyICcardsaremuchlessexpensivethanmagicsystems.IncreaseduseofICcardsshouldalso20thespaceneededforticketvending.1.[A]perspectives[B]outlooks[C]prospects[D]spectacles2.[A]creatively[B]originally[C]authentically[D]initially3.[A]displayed[B]demonstrated[C]embarked[D]unveiled4.[A]gobeyond[B]setout[C]earound[D]spreadover5.[A]applications[B]enterprises[C]functions[D]performances6.[A]districts[B]vicinities[C]resorts[D]locations7.[A]acquired[B]purchased[C]presided[D]attained8.[A]lodgers[B]tenants[C]dwellers[D]boarders9.[A]for[B]in[C]of[D]as10.[A]figures[B]exhibits[C]convinces[D]speculates11.[A]deprives[B]retrieves[C]spares[D]exempts12.[A]conjunction[B]convenience[C]department[D]ornament13.[A]delegated[B]designated[C]devoted[D]dedicated14.[A]clever[B]smart[C]ingenious[D]intelligent15.[A]checking[B]gathering[C]holding[D]aommodating16.[A]as[B]for[C]with[D]of17.[A]butfor[B]aswellas[C]insteadof[D]morethan18.[A]unique[B]single[C]unitary[D]only19.[A]devices[B]instruments[C]readers[D]examiners20.[A]reduce[B]narrow[C]dwarf[D]shrink參考答案：1.C2.A3.D4.A5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A10.A11.C12.B13.D14.B15.C16.A17.C18.B19.C20.A總體分析本文介紹了東日本鐵路公司引人關(guān)注的新方案。文章第一段介紹說(shuō)東日本鐵路公司創(chuàng)造性地利用車(chē)站內(nèi)部及周?chē)康禺a(chǎn)的方案正引起越來(lái)越多人的關(guān)注。第二段詳細(xì)介紹了這一方案的內(nèi)容及好處，即適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的要求，把車(chē)站作為網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的物品收取地，這樣既為消費(fèi)者提供了方便，又提高了遞送物品的平安性。第三段介紹了該公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各種磁卡作車(chē)票的方案及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。全文翻譯通過(guò)國(guó)家鐵路系統(tǒng)的私有化創(chuàng)立起來(lái)的六大公司之一的東日本鐵路，正吸引著越來(lái)越多人的目光。在一個(gè)開(kāi)展前景不振的行業(yè)，它創(chuàng)造性地利用車(chē)站內(nèi)部及周?chē)姆康禺a(chǎn)的方案正引起人們的關(guān)注。東日本鐵路在11月份公布的“車(chē)站復(fù)興”方案中說(shuō)：它將不僅把它的商業(yè)空地用于開(kāi)商店和餐館，而且還要把這些商業(yè)空地用于更加適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的功能上去。它打算把車(chē)站作為網(wǎng)上所購(gòu)物品如、花卉和日用百貨等的收取地。該公司估算，在一個(gè)都市人嚴(yán)重依賴(lài)列車(chē)作為上下班交通工具的國(guó)度里，每天大約有1600萬(wàn)人因各種原因來(lái)到它的車(chē)站。因此，在車(chē)站收取物品使消費(fèi)者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易喪失。東日本鐵路已經(jīng)開(kāi)始把車(chē)站的便利店用于這一目的，但它打算為網(wǎng)上貨物的遞送創(chuàng)立專(zhuān)門(mén)的空間。該公司還打算引入智能卡(在日本稱(chēng)為IC卡，因?yàn)樗鼈兝眉呻娐穬?chǔ)存信息)取代目前使用的磁卡作為車(chē)票和定期券，把各種不同的票券合為一體。這將為公司節(jié)省資金，因?yàn)镮C卡的讀卡機(jī)比磁系統(tǒng)要廉價(jià)的多。IC卡使用的增加還將會(huì)減少售票所占用的空間。AgingposesaseriouschallengetoOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)countries，inparticular，howtopayforfuturepublicpensionliabilities.Andearlyretirementplacesan1burdenonpensionfinancing.Thereisnoeasybut2retirementcouldhelp.Earlyretirementmayseemlikeaworthyindividualitisasocially3one，andmakesthepresentpublicpensionsystemdifficulttosustainforlong.The4reasonisthatmorepeopleareretiringearlyandlivinglonger.Thatmeansmoreretireesdependingonthe5ofthoseinworkfortheirine.The6isworrying.Inthenext50years，lowfertilityratesand7lifeexpectancyinOECDcountrieswillcausethisold-agedependencyratetoroughlydouble8size.Publicpensionafford30-80%oftotalretirementinesinOECDrise，onaverage，byoverthreepercentagepointsinGDPandbyasmuchaseightpercentagepointsinsomecountries.10isthepressureonpensionfundsthatthereisadangeroftoday‘sworkersnotgettingthepensionstheyexpectedorfeltthey11for.Actionisaimingtoreducethe13(andcost)ofpublictryingto14theroleofprivatelyfundedpensionswithinthesystem，thoughnecessarybe15todealwiththedependencychallenge.Afteryearsof16earlyretirementschemestoavoid17andhighergovernmentsarenowlooking18persuadingpeopletostayinworkuntiltheyareolder.Surely，thethinkingwearehealthiernowandjobsarephysicallyless19andunemploymentisperhapsthe20rateshouldriseanew.1.[A]unsolvable[B]additional[C]unsustainable[D]undue2.[A]delaying[B]retaining[C]detaining[D]hindering3.[A]ultimate[B]unatta