大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀20篇

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀20篇大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試閱讀部分試題的第二部分是長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀，要求考生閱讀一篇1000詞左右的文章并完成10道題目。長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀考查考生運(yùn)用專門的閱讀技能來(lái)閱讀文章的能力，包括用略讀獲取文章大意和用查讀獲取特定信息。3.1大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀答題攻略一、題型介紹.文章包括兩類：帶小標(biāo)題的文章和無(wú)小標(biāo)題的文章帶小標(biāo)題的文章的每一部分都有一個(gè)總括性的小標(biāo)題，通常這個(gè)小標(biāo)題就是該部分內(nèi)容的概括性總結(jié)，且每一小標(biāo)題下的內(nèi)容通常是相對(duì)獨(dú)立的。無(wú)小標(biāo)題的文章沒有明顯的內(nèi)容間隔,對(duì)于這類文章，需通過(guò)略讀找出主題句或主題詞，特別要注意每段的句首和句尾。.題目類型：句子表述對(duì)應(yīng)文中段落2006年6月?2007年6月，這部分是快速閱讀部分，閱讀后的題目為：前面7題為是非判斷題，2007年12月?2013年6月的快速閱讀部分的前面7題為選擇題；后面3題題型不變，為填空題，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容把句子補(bǔ)充完整。而在2013年12月的四級(jí)考試，快速閱讀變?yōu)殚L(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀，篇章后附有10個(gè)句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能對(duì)應(yīng)兩題，有的段落可能不對(duì)應(yīng)任何一題。二、命題規(guī)律.長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀題目設(shè)置時(shí)，將幾句話整合或者將段落的大意、段落中的具體信息作為考察點(diǎn)。題目的順序不再按文章順序，而是打亂了，需要考生找到題目與文章項(xiàng)匹配的段落。.包含時(shí)間數(shù)字、大寫字母、人名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱等特別的信息點(diǎn)處往往是命題的重點(diǎn)。.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)處常設(shè)考點(diǎn)。文章中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)往往是為了更好地解釋前面的內(nèi)容，所以可以利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如破折號(hào)、小括號(hào)、冒號(hào)等，推斷不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或句子的含義。三、定位技巧長(zhǎng)篇閱讀篇幅長(zhǎng)、時(shí)間短，因此如何快速確定答案所在的位置極其關(guān)鍵。選取定位詞時(shí)有兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：特殊性和細(xì)節(jié)性。文章中多次出現(xiàn)的詞匯不是定位詞，只有那些出現(xiàn)次數(shù)少、具有明顯識(shí)別性的詞才是定位詞。長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀的定位技巧與以前的快速閱讀時(shí)定位類似。題干中比較容易定位的關(guān)鍵詞包括:.數(shù)字、地點(diǎn)、大寫、斜體、人名的單詞數(shù)字包括時(shí)間、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、貨幣數(shù)和普通數(shù)值等，這類詞容易在原文中找到，可輕松定位。例：Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.（2013年12月樣題）地點(diǎn)一般都具有唯一性，其首字母是大寫，考試時(shí)應(yīng)注意原文中的不同地點(diǎn)會(huì)對(duì)應(yīng)不同的信息。例：ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.（2013年12月樣題）大寫單詞一般是組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的縮寫或是對(duì)某事物的特定稱謂，在考查該地區(qū)、該事件等相關(guān)問(wèn)題時(shí)作用時(shí)可幫助定位。例：WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?（2009年6月）斜體一般是在考查與斜體相關(guān)的信息時(shí)出現(xiàn)，可在原文中快速找到。人名通常是和某個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)名稱或其職務(wù)連用，如ScottFriedhoff,Allegheny,svicepresident，在考查某人的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度或研究發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)常利用人名進(jìn)行定位。例：WhatdoHongKongdinerswelcome,accordingtoWelshexecutivechefDavidTamlyn?（2011年6月）.拼寫較長(zhǎng)、以連字符連接的詞這類詞在原文中的出現(xiàn)次數(shù)很少，因此可根據(jù)題干中的長(zhǎng)難詞有效確定答案的位例：Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalintegration.（2013年12月樣題）globalintegration表示“全球一體化”是常見的搭配，在文中很容易就能找到。.文章小標(biāo)題長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀有時(shí)在文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)多個(gè)小標(biāo)題，而每個(gè)小標(biāo)題后都對(duì)應(yīng)特定主題的內(nèi)容，做題時(shí)可根據(jù)題干信息找到相應(yīng)小標(biāo)題，縮小做題范圍。四、解題技巧利用定位技巧找到題干在原文中的大體位置后，如何確定題目答案同樣有跡可循。.注意邏輯關(guān)系詞在將題目與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)挑揀有信息的地方精讀，其中原文中表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞要注意：a.因果關(guān)系：asaresult,therefore,hence,consequently,because,for,dueto等。b.并歹列、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and,or,then,inaddition,besides,inotherwords,moreover等。c.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：however,but,yet,infact等。d.表示比較：onthecontrary;bycontrast;comparedwith,...than...等。運(yùn)用這些詞可幫助確定題目的考查點(diǎn)，例如出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)折的作用一般是對(duì)前面的否定，對(duì)后面的肯定。.運(yùn)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)要學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用小括號(hào)、破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)等。通常這些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是為了進(jìn)一步解釋前面的信息，而快速閱讀的詞匯相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較簡(jiǎn)單，可以很容易理解標(biāo)點(diǎn)前的被解釋信息，因此在做題時(shí)可將這些符號(hào)之后的信息略去不讀，從而節(jié)省做題時(shí)間。.同義替換四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀部分，有時(shí)題目并不一定是原本的內(nèi)容，而是使用了同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此做題時(shí)注意原文中換一種說(shuō)法以后設(shè)置的題目。有的題考查文章主旨、段落大意，通?？稍谖恼碌氖啄┚渥印⑹啄┒温涮幉檎?。五、解題步驟在做長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀時(shí)，除了要有較快的閱讀速度，還必須掌握一定的做題方法，考生可參照以下步驟進(jìn)行答題：.先看題目定方向長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀篇幅長(zhǎng)、時(shí)間短，因此在做題時(shí)必須帶著目的在原文中有選擇有方向地閱讀。考生應(yīng)先看題目再看文章，首先利用題目中的時(shí)間、數(shù)字、大寫、人名等關(guān)鍵詞快速定位答案在原文中的位置，接著再讀文章。.定位判斷很輕松相對(duì)于深度閱讀而言，長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀中“找”甚于“懂”，因?yàn)樗幌裆疃乳喿x的選項(xiàng)那樣具有極強(qiáng)的干擾性，因此只要題干中的某些關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)在文中鎖定的位置，就可以確定正確答案了。3.2大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇匹配閱讀高分特訓(xùn)20篇Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Pleasereadthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestions.基礎(chǔ)篇Passage1 題材：社會(huì)生活 字?jǐn)?shù)：1170建議用時(shí)：14分鐘DigitalBookIsaTrueRevolutionforBlindPeopleA）Nolongerdoprintedbookstorturemewitha11thethingsI’mmissing, writesPeterWhite,whoisblind.Thebookisafamiliartheme.Indeed,itcameupyetagaininthisnewspaper’sletterspagesearlierthisweek.ThepointofthislatestevilspeakingagainsttheriseoftheeBookwasthatphysicalbooksleaveatrace,canbepassedon,enhancearoom,reigniteamemory.Andyetformostofmylife,greedyandindiscriminatebookreaderthoughIam,theprintedbookhasbeennothingbutatease（取笑）:awill-o’-the-wispholdingoutwhatmightbepossible,onlytograbitawayassoonasIreachforit.B）Iwasbornblind,andreadingformehasalwaysmeantbraille（ 盲文）.I’vehadmuchfunandsatisfactionfrombooks,buttheyaretheonecasewhereI'venotbeenabletosticktomyruleofnotsorrowingforwhatIcouldn’t have.Withonlyatinyproportionofbookspublishedavailableinbraille—welllessthan1%—theworld’sliteraturewasnotsomuchoffereduptoyouashunginfrontofyou.C）Itwasasubtleformoftorture:justenoughtosuckyouin,nochancetodothatreader'sthing,starttofinish,inanorgy（狂歡）ofexcess.Andthisiswheremylove-haterelationshipwiththeprintedbook,andthebookshop,starts.Iremembergoingintothemwithmymum,runningmyfingersalongtheshelves,lettingtheedgesofpagesslipthroughmyfingers.Wasthis,perhaps,FiveGoBungee-Jumping,orWilliamandtheOutlawsLearntoRap?It'sbeennobettersinceI’vebeenanadult,althoughinsteadofBlyton,CromptonandFrankRichards,I'veobsessedaboutthelatestSebastianFaulks,tackybonkbusterorpoliticalbiography.Ihaveallthesensoryaspirationsofthebook-lover —thesmellofthepaper;thesatisfyingcrackofopeninganewbook;thepleasinglyroundedfeelofthespine（脊背）一withnoneofthesatisfactionofreadingthem.D）IsupposeatthispointIhadbetteranticipatestoppingthefloodofsuggestionsfrompuzzledwell-wishers,wonderingthatIhavenotheardofthetalkingbook.Ihave,ofcourse,andverygoodsomeofthemare—butit’snotreading,isit?Yetthere’sgoodnews.Thiscolumnisnottobeasustainedcomplaint.Thereisahappyending.Ihavejustspentmuchofmyholidaybrowsinginbookshops—andnotasaformofself-flagellation（自罰）,butlookingforbooksIamactuallygoingtobeabletoread.Themuch-maligned（ 被毀謗）technologicalrevolutionhascomeupwiththeanswerIthoughtIwouldneverlivetosee:braillebooks,virtuallyondemand.It’snowpossible,withtherightcombinationofhardwareandsoftware,tobuyabookat9am,scanitpagebypage,andthenuseascreen-readertorenderiteitherintosyntheticspeech,orintobraille,andbereadingitbylunchtime.E）Ifthiswereall,itwouldbeagreatadvance;butyoudon’thavetobetiedtothecomputertoreadyourbook.Youcandownloaditontoaflashcard,whichyoucaninsertintoaportablebraillereader.Result:hundredsofbooksoneachtinycard,atthetouchofabutton.Again,Iknowthisisnotnew.It’sbeenaroundforatleast15years.ButIamanaturalLuddite,andhavehadtogothroughthefourstagesoffindingoutaboutit,learningtobelievethatithadanythingtodowithme,figuringoutphysicallyhowtodoit,andfinallyallowingittorevolutionizemylife.F）Therearedrawbacks,someofwhichI’llcometo,butjustletmegloryforalittlelongerinthefreedomtobrowseatall.IamnowafamiliarfigureinthebookshopsofWinchester,especiallythesecondhandones,ofwhichwe’reluckyenoughtohavequiteafew.Ithastobemainlysecondhandones,becauselikeakidinasweetshop,particularlyakidwhowasn’tallowedsweetsforalongtime,Iamindangerofgorging（ 狼吞虎咽）myselfandmakingmyselfsick.Secondhandistheonlywayofkeepingmyspendingundersomesortofcontrol.G）IsuspectI’mnotauniversallypopularbrowser.Ineedacompaniontofindtherightsection,toreadtitlesandreviewsandmaybeeventhebeginningofthebook—allthethingstypicalbrowsersdo,butnotaloud.Idon’tfindsecondhandbookshopstedious—there’sgood-fellowshipamongbookhunters—butevenso,Isometimesfeelthegrowingdisapprovalofthequietcarriageonthetrain:"We’llstandonephonecall,butnotthree."H）I’mquitehappywithmycompanion-in-chief,abook-lovingsonwhoovertheyearshaspatientlyreadandabstractedbooksforme,andisnowtryingtodecidewhethertheroleofbrowserandscanner-in-chiefismoreorlessstruggling.Overthepastcoupleofweeks,inthedelightfuldisorderedchaosthatissecondhandbookshops,I’vemanagedtopickupeverythingfromaculturalsurveyoftheWeimarrepublictoanessayongoalkeeping,viabiographiesasdisconnectedasMarieAntoinetteandKimPhilby;tryoutauthorswhosenameshavecaughtmyfancyinreviews,suchasAlisonLurie;andmakerandomdecisionsaboutwhatIread,ratherthanhavethosedecisionsmadeformebytheequallyrandomfancyofthecommitteethatdecideswhatisputintobraille.Suddenly,Icanpursueimpulses,suchasmysearchforCynthiaAsquith’sghoststories,oradecentaccountoftheSouthAfricansinEnglandin1955.I)It’snotperfectyet.Scanningbookspagebypageistedious;variationsoftypeandprintsizecanoftenproduceequallyvariableresults,whichrequireskillfuleditingtomakereadable;andeverytimesomeoneupgradessoftwareorchangesanoperatingsystem,youfindyourselfbackatsquareone.Withbooksbeingproducedelectronicallyasamatterofcourse,publishers,authorsandagentscouldbemuchmorehelpful.Surelyawayofmakingdigitalversionsofbooksavailabletoblindpeoplepreparedtopayforthem,orborrowthemunderclearlydefinedconditions,couldbedevisedwithoutbringingdownthepublishingindustryinanexplosionofpiracy?Whilewewaitforthepublishersandtheblindorganizationstogettheirfingersout,weblindreaderstakemattersintoourownhands,passingourscannedbooksquietlyamongourselveslikekidswithdrugsonstreetcorners.Buthey!Forafewofusluckyenoughtohavetheequipment,themoneyandthehelp,thingsaresomuchbettertoday.Nowit’smewhoisabletotakeasmanybooksonholidayasIlike,allpackedonthoselittlecards,whilemywifehastolimitherselftothreeorfourpaperbacks.ThedaysofWarandPeacein21braillevolumes,slippingthepostman’sdiscashestaggersupthepath,arenearlyover.Now,insteadofsubmittingtothedecisionsmadebytheequallyrandomwhimofthecommitteethatdecideswhatisputintobraille,theauthorcanmakerandomdecisionsaboutwhathereads.Lesslessthan1%ofbookspublishedareavailableinbraille,thustheriseofebookswillcausetheauthor’ssorrowforthebooks.Thereasonwhytheauthormainlychoosesthesecondhandbookshopsisthatinthatwayhecankeephisspendingundercontrol.ThereasonforrecentevilspeakingagainsttheeBookwasthatphysicalbookscouldbepassedonandleaveatracewhileebookcouldnot.Theintentionoftheauthor’sspendingmuchofhisholidaybrowsinginbookshopswastolookforbooksthatheisabletoread.Nowit’stheauthor’swifewhohastolimitherselftothreeorfourpaperbacks,whiletheauthorcantakeasmanybooksonholidayashelike,allpackedonthoselittlecards.Comparedwiththenormalbook-lover,theauthorcan’tenjoythecontentofreadingthebooks.Thebraillereaderisnotperfectyetforvariationsoftypeandprintsizecanoftenproduceequallyvariableresults,whichrequiresskilfuleditingtomakereadable.Theauthorchosetousetheportablebraillereaderafter15yearssinceitsinventionbecauseheneededsometimetogettoknowit,learnit,andthenuseit.Thoughhethinksthesecondhandbookshopsboring,theauthorsometimesfeelsthegrowingdisapprovalbecauseofmuchringofphones.「文章大意」本文講述了一位盲人使用電子書的感受，從之前只有很少的書籍有盲文版本，到現(xiàn)在通過(guò)使用閱讀器可以將所有的書都轉(zhuǎn)換成盲文，極大地方便了盲人中那些渴望讀書的人。參考答案及解析1.H定位由equallyrandomwhimofthecommittee可定位到H段倒數(shù)第二句。解析該句提到作者現(xiàn)在可以對(duì)自己要讀什么書做任意的決定，而不是“聽從那些決定將哪些書制成盲文的委員會(huì)的任意的決定”。2.B定位由sorrowfor可定位到B段第三句。解析該句指出“只有一件事作者不能堅(jiān)持自己的原則，即不為自己不能擁有的而傷心”，后面接著提到“是因?yàn)橹挥泻苌僖徊糠值臅忻の陌姹尽薄?F定位由secondhand可定位到F段后半部分。解析作者用小孩吃糖果的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明為什么必須是二手書店，最后一句指出“二手書店在某種程度上是控制花銷的唯一的一種方式”。.A定位根據(jù)evilspeakingagainsttheeBook可定位到A段第四句。解析該句指出“最新抨擊電子書的焦點(diǎn)是電子書不像紙質(zhì)書可以留下痕跡，可以傳遞，可以擴(kuò)充房屋，可以點(diǎn)燃回憶等”。.D定位由holiday,browsinginbookshops可定位到D段中間。解析該句指出“假期的大部分時(shí)間我都在書店里瀏覽，不是為了自罰，而是尋找我真正可以讀的書”。.I定位由tolimitherselftothreeorfourpaperbacks可定位到I段倒數(shù)第二句。解析這句話提到“現(xiàn)在是我可以在假期的時(shí)候隨便帶多少書，把它們都裝在這些小卡片里，而我的妻子卻只能帶三四本紙質(zhì)書”。.C定位由book-lover可定位到C段最后一句。解析作者和那些愛書人“有同樣的感官渴望一紙張的味道，新書翻開的響聲帶來(lái)的滿足，撫摸圓形書脊的那種開心感覺一但卻沒有一點(diǎn)來(lái)自讀書的滿足”。定位根據(jù)notperfectyet可定位到I段。解析該段前幾句提到“目前的技術(shù)并不完美，一頁(yè)頁(yè)的掃描書很乏味，而且不同的類型和打印尺寸經(jīng)常會(huì)得到不同的結(jié)果，這需要熟練的編輯技術(shù)才能做到輕松易讀”。.E定位根據(jù)題干中portablebraillereader,15years可定位到E段。解析該段后半部分提到作者知道“這種技術(shù)不是很新，它已經(jīng)存在至少15年了，但是他是一個(gè)天生的勒德分子”，接著作者解釋了什么是勒德分子，即必須經(jīng)過(guò)四個(gè)階段才能去使用這種技術(shù)的人。.G定位由feelsthegrowingdisapproval可定位到G段后半部分。解析作者指出“有時(shí)候會(huì)感到逐漸增多的不滿：我們可以忍受一個(gè)電話，但不是三個(gè)”，即作者不滿有太多的電話響聲。「詞匯裝備」[Hi:lgfinatl]v,內(nèi)盧龍?番SfiSitSmLripatc［網(wǎng)工?？谥輎t預(yù)判提使用i槍在?iMiureLTa：tf9jn.tr.拷問(wèn)1Cft)擇苗俄iodliBcrimlnale(indiskriminil]域.不加選擇的e汕CH旦RMdim可叫.乏味斷單調(diào)斷兀長(zhǎng)的對(duì)】E-peaktng徘詩(shī)Whi豎揄粘和相護(hù),揖隨beobscsseiabfttf若i圭的Passage2題材：社會(huì)生活字?jǐn)?shù)：1120建議用時(shí)：13.5分鐘WhylntegrityMattersWhatlsIntegrity?A)Thekeytointegrityisconsistency—notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical(道德上的)standardsevenwhenmakinglife’shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.B)Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapse( 缺失)ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyBusinessC)Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan’tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism(剽竊)mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis“unintentional”doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.“ButEverybodyDoesIt”D)Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey’retakingbyusingexcuses:“Everyoneelsedoesit.”'Tmnothurtinganyone",or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:"IknowI'mlookatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat’snotcheatingbecauseI’mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifWefoolourselvesintobelievingwe‘renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan’tseetherealchoicewe’remaking— andthatleadstobaddecisions.Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Ifyou’dratherhideyouractions,that’sanindicationthatyou’retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.EvaluatingRisksE）Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefitsandsimplyhaven’tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea“Ononatestorassignment,an"F"intheclass,suspension（ 暫令停學(xué)）ordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable（ 脆弱的）position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen’tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.GettingAwaywithit—OrNotF）Thosewhodon’tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn’tlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives（錄U奪）himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems“easier.”Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.CheatingHurtsOther,TooG）Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don’tcount“anddon’treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative（ 累積的）effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers’grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating“poisons”theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("IfIdon’tcheatIcan’tcompetewiththosewhodo")Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn.Butacheatersays."I’mnotinterestedinwhatyou’retryingtoteach,allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers.”Theendresultisadestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityandharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.WhyIntegrityMattersH)Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofothers,ifnot,wecouldn’tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist—thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation’seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.I)Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.ThosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateronvalueimmediatebenefitsmostIntegritymattersbecauseallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’shonestyandgoodfaith.Thereasonwhywemustlearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotakeistomakesurewemakeresponsiblechoices.Manypeoplefoolthemselvesaboutrisksbyusingallkindsofexcuseswhentheygetintrouble,eveniftheyknowtherules.Cheatingislikediease,thatcanspreadinclassroom.Ithurtshard-workstudents,teachersandthereputationoftheuniversity.Tobeapersonofintegrity,onenotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalsostickstotheminhisdailylife.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywillpaymoredearly.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultoftheWatergatescandal.Integrityplaysanimportantroleinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships.10.Violationofaruleismisconductevenifitisunintentional.「文章大意」本文圍繞誠(chéng)信進(jìn)行討論，可見近些年來(lái)人們對(duì)于道德問(wèn)題給予了高度的重視。本文以小標(biāo)題的形式展開，從什么是誠(chéng)信、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)、人人熱衷于冒險(xiǎn)、評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、避免欺騙行為等方面闡釋了誠(chéng)信在日常生活中的重要性。參考答案及解析.E定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞regretlater定位到E段的第二句。解析表述與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，value和原文中的focuson都表達(dá)“注重眼前利益”之意。.H定位據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Integritymatters和relyon定位到H段第二句。解析該句提到“我們的日常生活都必須依靠相互信任”，否則社會(huì)會(huì)一片混亂，由此可見正直、誠(chéng)實(shí)的重要性。.C定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞identifytherisks將答案定位在C段。解析題干中identifytherisks與文中recognizerisks是同義替換。.D定位根據(jù)題干中foolthemselves和byusingallkindsofexcuses可定位在D段第一句。解析該句提到“惹禍上身的人中絕大多數(shù)都知道規(guī)則和事實(shí)，但是他們總是自欺欺人，為自己所承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)尋找借口”。.G定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞disease和hurt等詞，可定位到G段。解析這一段主要講的是作弊對(duì)他人的危害。陳述是對(duì)G段的總結(jié)。.A定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞是“notonly…butalso…"可定位到全文第一句。解析提到“誠(chéng)信最關(guān)鍵的就是言行一致一一不僅要為自己設(shè)定一個(gè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（誠(chéng)實(shí)，責(zé)任感，尊重他人，公平），而且每時(shí)每刻都要遵守這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。.F定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞getcaught定位到F段的首句。解析原句里的higherprice和moredearly是同義替換。.H定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞integrityoftheirpoliticalleaders定位至UH段的后面部分。解析該部分提到水門事件的丑聞使美國(guó)人對(duì)政治和社會(huì)的信任降低。9.B定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞personalandprofessional定位到原文B段中間及后半部分。解析該部分指出“誠(chéng)信的缺失會(huì)影響我們的人際關(guān)系。信任在任何重要的人際關(guān)系中都是基本的，不論是私人關(guān)系還是職業(yè)關(guān)系。”由此可知誠(chéng)信在私人關(guān)系和職業(yè)關(guān)系中都很重要。10.D定位根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞violation和misconduct將定位在D段倒數(shù)第二句。解析這里講到“即使并非有意而為地違反了誠(chéng)信的規(guī)則也是錯(cuò)誤的，不能以此為借口”。「詞匯裝備」inteajLtyOntegrttl]：r. 氏三；TT；-tHidenuime[An^s'mBiin]i.WCigucranchj['igngrens]n,T；鐘statistics[ste'tistike]乩統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)i卷計(jì)表白nJ兄吊5懸薦；者停；日『未，d麗d舐MdiiW時(shí)口不免職；解雇glippefy[MlipHri]崛符的;無(wú)利的scmM「腓aendlj#,丑國(guó),誹逐疣言蜚語(yǔ)watih&VHI}'i,,：==deprivesb.剝奪某人的…beavailable有空的，可供使用的insum總而言之Passage3 題材：經(jīng)濟(jì)管理 字?jǐn)?shù)：921建議用時(shí)：11分鐘HighwaysA）Earlyinthe20thcentury,mostofthestreetsandroadsintheU.S.weremadeofdirt,brick,andcedarwoodblocks.Builtforhorse,carriage,andfoottraffic,theywereusuallypoorlycaredforandtoonarrowtoaccommodate（容納）automobiles.B)Withtheincreaseinautoproduction,privateturnpike( 收費(fèi)公路)companiesunderlocalauthoritiesbegantospringup,andby1921therewere387,000milesofpavedroads.Manywerebuiltusingspecificationsof19thcenturyScottishengineersThomasTelfordandJohnMacAdam(forwhomthemacadamsurfaceisnamed),whosespecificationsstressedtheimportanceofadequatedrainage.Beyondthat,therewerenonationalstandardsforsize,weightrestrictions,orcommercialsigns.DuringWorldWarI,roadsthroughoutthecountrywerenearlydestroyedbytheweightoftrucks.WhenGeneralEisenhowerreturnedfromGermanyin1919,afterservingintheU.S.army’sfirsttranscontinentalmotorconvoy(車隊(duì)工henoted「'Theoldconvoyhadstartedmethinkingaboutgood,two-lanehighways,butGermany’sAutobahnormotorwayhadmademeseethewisdomofbroaderribbonsacrosstheland.”C)Itwouldtakeanotherwarbeforethefederalgovernmentwouldactonanationalhighwaysystem.DuringWorldWarII,atremendousincreaseintrucksandnewroadswererequired.Thewardemonstratedhowcriticalhighwaysweretothedefenseeffort.Thirteenpercentofdefenseplantsreceivedalltheirsuppliesbytruck,andalmostallotherplantsshippedmorethanhalfoftheirproductsbyvehicle.Thewaralsorevealedthatlocalcontrolofhighwayshadledtoaconfusingvarietyofdesignstandards.Evenfederalandstatehighwaysdidnotfollowbasicstandards.Somestatesallowedtrucksupto36,000pounds,whileothersrestrictedanythingover7,000pounds.D)Agovernmentstudyrecommendedanationalhighwaysystemof33,920miles,andcongresssoonpassedtheFederal-AidHighwayActof1944,whichcalledforstrict,centrallycontrolleddesigncriteria.E)Theinterstatehighwaysystemwasfinallylaunchedin1956andhasbeenhailedasoneofthegreatestpublicworksprojectsofthecentury.Tobuildits44,000-milewebofhighways,bridge,andtunnels,hundredsofuniqueengineeringdesignsandsolutionshadtobeworkedout.Considerthemanygeographicfeaturesofthecountry:mountains,steepgrades,wetlands,rivers,desertsandplains.Variablesincludedtheslopeoftheland,theabilityofthepavementtosupporttheload,theintensityofroaduse,andthenatureoftheunderlyingsoil.Urbanareaswereanotherproblem.Innovativedesignsofroadways,tunnels,bridges,overpasses,andinterchangesthatcouldrunthroughorbypassurbanareassoonbegantoweavetheirwayacrossthecountry,foreveralteringthefaceofAmerica.F)Today,theinterstatesystemlinkseverymajorcityintheU.S.,andtheU.S.withCanadaandMexico.Builtwithsafetyinmind,thehighwayshavewidelanesandshoulders,dividingmedians,orbarriers,longentryandexitlanes,curvesengineeredforsafeturns,andlimitedaccess.ThedeathrateonhighwaysishalfthatofallotherU.S.roads(0.86deathsper100millionpassengermilescomparedto1.99deathsper100milliononallotherroads).G)ByopeningtheNorthAmericancontinent,highwayshaveenabledconsumergoodsandservicestoreachpeopleinremoteandruralareasofthecountry,spurredthegrowthofsuburbs,andprovidedpeoplewithgreateroptionsintermofjobs,accesstoculturalprograms,healthcare,andotherbenefits.Aboveall,theinterstatesystemprovidesindividualswithwhattheycherishmost:personalfreedomofmobility.H)Theinterstatesystemhasbeenanessentialelementofthenation’seconomicgrowthintermsofshippingandjobcreation:morethan75percentofthenation’sfreightdeliveriesarrivebytruck;andmostproductsthatarrivebyrailorairuseinterstatesforthelastlegofthejourneybyvehicle.NotonlyhasthehighwaysystemaffectedtheAmericaneconomybyprovidingshippingroutes,ithasledtothegrowthofspin-offindustrieslikeservicestations,motels,restaurants,andshoppingcenters.Ithasallowedtherelocationofmanufacturingplantsandotherindustriesfromurbanareastorural.I)Bytheendofthecenturytherewasanimmensenetworkofpavedroads,residentialstreets,expressways,andfreewaysbuilttosupportmillionsofvehicles.ThehighwaysystemwasofficiallyrenamedforEisenhowertohonorhisvisionandleadership.Theyearconstructionbeganhesaid:"Together,theunitedforcesofourcommunicationandtransportationsystemsaredynamicelementsintheverynamewebear—UnitedStates.Withoutthem,wewouldbeamereallianceofmanyseparateparts.”Trucksusingtheinterstatehighwaysdelivermorethan75%.Manyoftheproblemspresentedbythecountry’sgeographicalfeaturesfoundsolutionsininnovativeengineeringprojects.MoststreetsandroadsinU.S.inearly20thcenturywerenotwideenoughforautomobiles.TheinterstatesystemwasrenamedafterEisenhowerinrecognitionofhisvisionandleadership.WorldWarIIrevealedaconfusingdesignstandardofhighways,eventhefederalandstatehighwaysdidnotfollowbasicnorms.Itwasinthe1950sthattheAmericangovernmentfinallytookactiontobuildanationalhighwaysystem.Thespecificationsof19thcenturyScottishengineersThomasTelfordandJohnMacAdamstressedtheimportanceofadequatedrainage.Thegreatestbenefitbroughtaboutbytheinterstatesystemwaspersonalfreedomofmobility.Inspiteofsafetyconsiderations,thedeathrateoninterstatehighwaysislowerthanthatofotherAmericanroads.ThehighwaysystemaffectedtheAmericaneconomyintermsofprovidingshippingroutesandstimulatingthespin-offindustries.「文章大意」文章介紹了美國(guó)洲際公路的發(fā)展情況。前三段講述20世紀(jì)初美國(guó)原有的道路條件差，無(wú)法滿足汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展和軍事需要。第四、五段介紹了解決方案，即建設(shè)州際公路網(wǎng)。最后一部分介紹了州際公路對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與人民生活等帶來(lái)的好處。參考答案及解析定位根據(jù)題干信息trucks和75%定位到H段第一句話。解析該句"morethan75percentofthenation’sfreightdeliveriesarrivebytruck”（全國(guó)超過(guò)75%的貨物運(yùn)輸是由卡車完成的）。定位根據(jù)題干信息geographicalfeatures及innovativeengineering定位至UE段后半部分。解析本段提到要建造公路、橋梁、隧道網(wǎng)，必須克服地理問(wèn)題，因而必須制定出獨(dú)特的工程設(shè)計(jì)方案，即uniqueengineeringdesigns。定位根據(jù)題干中的U.S,和inearly20thcentury定位到A段。解析該段主要寫美國(guó)20世紀(jì)早期的道路狀況。定位根據(jù)題干中的Eisenhower,定位到I段第二句話。解析表述中inrecognitionof對(duì)應(yīng)原文tohonor，所以答案為honor的賓語(yǔ)hisvisionandleadership。C定位根據(jù)題干中的WorldWarII對(duì)應(yīng)到文章的C段。解析該段后半部分提到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使修建公路的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)極其混亂。E定位根據(jù)題干中的in1956可以定位到E段首句。解析表述是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，“Theinterstatehighwaysystemwasfinallylaunchedin1956…”，其中finallylaunched和finallytakeaction相對(duì)應(yīng)，interstatehighwaysystem和nationalhighwaysystem相對(duì)應(yīng)。B定位根據(jù)ScottishengineersThomasandTelfordJohnMacAdam 定位至UB段第二句話。解析這兩位蘇格蘭工程師很強(qiáng)調(diào)公路的排水。G定位根據(jù)題干中personalfreedomofmobility對(duì)應(yīng)至UG段最后一句話。解析題干是將原文同義轉(zhuǎn)述，提到“洲際公路網(wǎng)帶來(lái)的好處就是人們所向往的自由。F定位根據(jù)題干中thedeathrateoninterstatehighways 定位至UF段（第六段）最后一句。解析該句提到“高速公路上的死亡率是美國(guó)其他路上的死亡率的一半”。H定位根據(jù)題干中highwaysystemaffectedtheAmericaneconomy 定位至UH段。解析該段后面部分提到高速路使運(yùn)輸更加便捷，也使得與道路相關(guān)的產(chǎn)業(yè)入汽車旅館等發(fā)展起來(lái)，從而促進(jìn)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?！冈~匯裝備」fsirda]na菖松acccTnTTMrinletfi'kaiTlfideit] 向lifti容納疝回「二出舊卜過(guò)空m^jiLin-|meuh<ltl]m活訪牲e疑活建laiiDch.[lomljsIa:n1j]ri.強(qiáng)射《導(dǎo)彈、穴,i?尋ii開辦；發(fā)就h發(fā)籃由由1安排才“排港排水泉置demcnsiratr['demaniirrejljvL才亮iE^i七證alLiafios[elaF0ri&]Jt,IsS.眼包L-riSicji! ikBl]ad;.評(píng)論的i批訐的i%L氫的spring可出現(xiàn)!■誦賽，麗萍Ifiadto導(dǎo)皴■通向Maib指X死亡摩3|魁.求」希費(fèi)abwuRI苜先?最堂費(fèi)的Passage4題材：科學(xué)科普字?jǐn)?shù)：1050建議用時(shí)：12.5分鐘ThePsychologyBehindtheWeb'sMostSuccessfulBrandsA）DrTomasChamorro-Premuzicdiscusseshowuserdataandpersonalbehaviorischangingtheinternet,andthewaysinwhichcompaniesaretappingintoandinfluencingthisnewvisionoftheweb.Howaretechnologycompaniesemployingpsychologytoimprovetheirunderstandingofusers?Mainlybytryingtocapturebehavioraldata—whatusersdoonline,ontheirplatforms—andtranslatethatintopersonalityprofiles.Whenuserssignupforanything,theycanbesegmentedbyage,sex,andotherbasicdemographics（ 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)狀況）;butit’swhattheydoonlineandhowtheydoitthatprovidestherichestsourceofknowledgetocompanies.B）Howdoyouenvisageproductsandservicesevolvingfromthatunderstanding?Technologyhasmadeitpossibletoshiftfrombroadcastingtonarrowcasting,whichiswhattheinternetdoes.Websitesandphoneappsallowbusinessestohaveone-to-onerelationshipswiththeconsumer.Forexample,wheneveryoulogintoAmazon,thesite“redecorates”theirvirtualwindowdisplayexclusivelyforyou,andselectsabunchofproductsyoumaylike.ThispersonalizedexperiencecontinueswhenAmazonmonitorsyourbehavior—whatyouclickon,whatyousearchfor,whatyoubuy—andfeedsthatinformationtothesystemtorefineyourprofile.Similarrecommendationalgorithms（ 算法）arenowusedonawiderangeofplatformstomarketproductsasdiverseasmovies,mortgages,holidays,andevenromanticpartners.Theresultisthatpartoftheknowledgeisnowoutsidetheconsumer’smind.WhenAmazonoreBayrecommendussomethingwelikebutwerenotlookingfor,theyeffectivelyknowusbetterthanweknowourselves;whene-HarmonyorMsuggestweshoulddatesomeone,providingtheygetitright,theyarealsodemonstratingacertainknowledgeofuswedon’tpossessourselves.C）Howdoyouseeconsumerexpectationsevolvingintermsofwhattheyexpectforofferingtheirinformation?Thereisasomewhatparadoxical（ 矛盾的）“evolution”,becauseinthebeginningallthistechnologywasmakingussmarterintermsofimprovingourdecision-making.Forexample,withTripAdvisoryouminimizetheprobabilityofstayinginaraggedhoteloreatinginaterriblerestaurant;however,justlikewecannolongeransweranyquestionifwecan'taccessGoogleorWikipedia,wearelessabletomakedecisionswhenwecan'taccessoursmartconsumerappstoexplorerecommendations