國(guó)際音標(biāo)課件設(shè)計(jì)

？？？為什么要學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)？Phonetics（音標(biāo)）26個(gè)字母讀音AaBbCcDd

EeFfGg[e?][bi:][si:][di:][i:][ef][d?i:]HhIiJj

Kk

LlMmNn[e?t?][a?][d?e?][ke?][el][em][en]OoPpQq

RrSsTt[??][pi:][kju:][a:][es][ti:]UuVvWw

XxYy

Zz[ju:][vi:][‘d?blju:][eks][wa?][zed]

[zi:]音素和音標(biāo)

元音20個(gè)：聲帶震動(dòng)、

音素:語(yǔ)音的最小單位氣流不受阻礙輔音28個(gè)：氣流受阻礙，聲帶震動(dòng)為濁輔音，聲帶不震動(dòng)為清輔音。

音標(biāo)：記錄音素的符號(hào)叫做音標(biāo)。

音節(jié):

一個(gè)單詞的音標(biāo)中有幾個(gè)元音就有幾個(gè)音節(jié).開(kāi)音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音+e:name,bike,home,due,

plane,shineb)輔音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello閉音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,mad,mapb)元音+輔音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant重讀音節(jié)：任何雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞的音標(biāo)中，有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)，哪一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀，該音節(jié)的左上方或該音節(jié)的元音上方標(biāo)有重讀符號(hào)“’”.元

音vowel

單元音(12個(gè)）長(zhǎng)元音5個(gè)：[i:]

[?

:]

[a

:][?:][u:]短元音7個(gè)：

[?][e][?][?][?][?][?]雙元音(8個(gè))[e?][a?][??][a?][??][??][e?][??]

e:meconvenientshehewe

eveningprocedureee:sweetbeefreezingsheepsleepthreegreenfreekneeseekeepteenageragreeea:meatreadleafseapeateacheatcleanteacherstealspeakie,ei,eo,ey:piece,series,ceiling,peoplekeyseizethief發(fā)/i:/音的字母組合

i---hislittlesistersittinginmiddlehitkidEnglishpigfishfifteensixshipthinJewishtipNazilonelinesse---beginbehindjacketbasketballthepreparerecoverrepeatlonelinessy---happyheavybusylorrycarrysunnylovelystudythirsty

twentythirty

windy

rainylonelyhealthydustydirtymerryey---monkeymoneyay---SundaySaturdayFriday/?/----字母組合比較：讀一讀下列的單詞，注意區(qū)別/i

:/

和/?/

1.it--eat

2.he—hit

3.fill—feel4.seat—sit

5.tree—trip6.bit—bee

7.sheep—ship8.deed—did9.live—leave10.feed—fit11.pea—pit12.rid—read13.street—strict14.sleep—slipe:eggbelldesklegredpetthentenpenbedbegspellspellbindupsetNetherlandssecondlyelevatorpetrolwestwetea:breadheadbreakfastdeadsweatai:again發(fā)/e/音的字母組合歸納：

a:dadhatcapbagcatcanbadappleflaghandrabbitantblackfathasstandratmapAmsterdamexactlygasgradualvocabularylatterAfricanSpanishtrapglacieraltitudegraduatecongratulation發(fā)/?/

音的字母組合歸納：

讀一讀，比較/?/

和/e/

1.bat--bet2.pat—pet3.bag—beg4.sat—set5.lack--neck6.sad—said7.bad—bed8.dad—dead9.lad—led10.fat—fedo---soncomecolourlovemoneyfrontmonkeywonderu---upsetupstairscutsunnutjumpgumusbusbrushsupperduckduskunderstandsubjectundertakeou---touchcousincountrydoubletough發(fā)/?/

音的字母組合歸納：發(fā)/ɑ:/音的字母組合歸納a---grassglassclassplantdancefastfatherlasthalfanswerar---carcardstar

armparkpartparticipateMarchhardgardendarkscarfbarkau---laughauntear---heart發(fā)/u:/音的字母組合歸納o---dowhowhoseoo---coolfoolschoolfoodmoontoosoonpoolshootui---fruitjuiceu---rulerrudeincludeconcludeou---soupoe---shoe

發(fā)/?/音的字母組合歸納：o---womanwolfoo---lookgoodbookfootwoodclassroomu---bullbullet

發(fā)/?:/

音的字母組合歸納：a---waterwalletaw---drawstrawberrylawlawyersawal---ballwallcallsmallswallowhallor---orhorsemorningcornforkshortforminformoor---floordoorour---foursource

course

pourresource

au---autumncaughtdaughtercausebecausear---warm發(fā)/?

/音的字母組合歸納o---foxcoffeedogshopstopdoctorofficesorrygota---watchwhat發(fā)/?:/音的字母組合歸納：er---herservetermGermanir---birdgirlskirtfirstdirtyskirtshirtur---nurseThursdayturtlepurplecurtainhurtpurseear---earlylearnor---wordworkworld發(fā)/?/音的字母組合歸納er---teachercleverbrotherdinnerfathersisterrulerangerhungerar---sugarbeggaror---doctorinventorvisitora---panda

aboutabovecamerasofaChinae---opensystemrecentlyfrightenbroadensharpenure---picturenaturecultureagriculture5.I

thought

a

thought,butthethought

Ithoughtwasn’tthethoughtIthoughtIthought.IfthethoughtIthoughtIthoughthadn’tbeenthethoughtIthoughtIthought,thenIwouldn’thavethoughtsomuch.元

音vowel

單元音(12個(gè)）長(zhǎng)元音5個(gè)：[i:]

[?

:]

[a

:][?:][u:]短元音7個(gè)：

[?][e][?][?][?][?][?]雙元音(8個(gè))[e?][a?][??][a?][??][??][e?][??]

Readthefollowingtonguetwisters.1.

Can

you

can

a

can

as

a

canner

can

can

acan?2.

I

wish

to

wish

the

wish

you

wish

to

wish,

but

if

you

wish

the

wish

the

witch

wishes,

I

won't

wish

the

wish

you

wish

to

wish.

3.

I

scream,

you

scream,

we

all

scream

for

ice-cream!

4.

Thatblackladwasverysadbecausehisdadhaddiedinabadaccident.

雙元音雙元音是從第一個(gè)元音的位置向第二個(gè)元音滑動(dòng)。雙元音共有8個(gè)，即：/a?//e?//au//?u//??//??//??//u?/

發(fā)/a?/音的字母組合歸納i---kitebikenicetigerwriteideaknifefivesmileshiney---bycryflymyskytrywhyspyslydenyie---tiepiedielieuy---buyigh---lightmightrightsighsightnighthigh發(fā)/e?/音的字母組合歸納a---cakemakenamegamesnakegatelazymajorfatehategratefulai---raintrainwaitpaintfaintmainremainplainSpainay---dayMayplaytodaywayOkaylaystaysaypayea---greatbreaksteak發(fā)/au/

音的字母組合歸納ou---housemousemouthtrousersaboutroundcloudow---flowercowhownowdowntownpowercrowded發(fā)/??/音的字母組合歸納o---noserosepoemoldoverhellonotesmokecokecoldoa---boatcoatsoapgoatfloatcoachow---showwindowsnow

bowllowslowflowknow發(fā)/??/音的字母組合歸納oi:oilboilcoinpointspoiloy:boytoyjoyenjoydestroyannoy發(fā)/??/音的字母組合歸納ear:earheartearyeardearnearappeardisappearcleareer:deerbeerpioneerengineerea:realreallye:seriesere:heresevere發(fā)/e?/音的字母組合歸納air:airhairchairpair

ear:pearbearwearere:therewhereeir:theirheirare:daresharecarecareful發(fā)/??/音的字母組合歸納oor:poorour:tour

ure:sure

Now,readthefollowingtonguetwisters1.Thereisnoneedtolightanightlightonalightnightliketonight.

2.Tentinytigerstiedtentinytiesontheirtinytails.3.Anoiseannoysanoyster,butanoisynoiseannoysanoystermore!4.Themanwithfairhairdarenotrepairtheirchairtherebecausethereisabearthere.輔音（consonants)清輔音：[p][t] [k] [f] [s] 濁輔音：[b][d][g] [v]

[z] 清輔音：[∫][t∫][tr] [θ][ts]濁輔音：[3] [d3][dr] [e]

[dz]半元音：[w][j]

似拼音：[l][h][r]

鼻音：[m][n][?]

[p]possiblepolitepayopenproperprepareproblempleaseplayplane[b]bikebakebusboybeebankbringbreakbrightblowblueblockblame[t]teatietowntoytakelikedhelped

[d]daydogduckdeathplannedstudied

[k]kitecakecoatcloneblackblockbackpackantiqueunique[g]getgogoodgaingatherghostguestguidedialogue[f]finefate

knifewifelifephotophonelaughcoughenough

photoflyfloatfreshframe[v]veryvisitarrivecavefiveviavictory[s]seesightclassexcitingsaycitynicestopslikeseggs

slowslipsnowsmartspeakskyschoolstudy[z]zoodesignexamexampleexactlypenscarsenjoyspays[]think-thought-thoughtthingmouth

thankthin[e]these–thosethetheythenthan[]showshoutshakeshineoceansure[?]pleasure,

televisiondecisionmeasurerevision[t]teach—teachermuchMarchcatchmatch[d?]geographygiantGermangestureGeorgeorangecagebridge

judge

jacketjet[tr]truetraytraintreetrytrunktraditiontraffictransporttradetranslationtraveltreattrend[dr]drawdrydrilldriverdressdramadragondrugdropdrum[ts]kitesplatesdots

[dz]addstowardsstands[m]MayIhavesomemilk,mum?[n]Noraknowsthenewcomer.nightnosenowknowknowledgeknifeLondonEasternwoolen[?]ringsingsongkingspeakingbankrank[h]havehothatehousewhowhole[r]readwritewrong[l]land

littlemiddlecastlepuzzleworld[w]wallwaitwhenwhywhatwhether[j]

yesyellowyearyouryawnyell

1、音的濁化：以sp-,st-,sk-開(kāi)頭的音節(jié)，清輔音/p//t//k/分別要發(fā)濁輔音/b//d//g/。speakspyspendspoilspillspareSpain

studystaystandstoodstraightstageschoolskirtskateskyskiing語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)

2、不完全爆破：爆破音[p][b][t][d][k][g]后面緊跟另一個(gè)爆破音時(shí)，前面的那個(gè)爆破音只在口腔內(nèi)形成阻礙，而不能完全讀出。

e.g.basketballperfectdoctorexactlyactive

stoppedliked

語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)3、連讀：(1)在一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或句子中，如果相鄰兩詞的關(guān)系相當(dāng)密切，而前一個(gè)詞以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞以元音開(kāi)頭，輔音和元素連在一起讀。alotofgetridofnotatallPleasestandinalinetobuytickets.I’mafraidshewon’tagree.Therearetwocatsonthetable.Helaythereasifhewasdead.語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)3、連讀：(2)為使說(shuō)話流暢，詞末尾元音可以和詞首元音連讀。Tomistheonlysonoftheoldcouple.Heworksdayinanddayout.（3）以r-或re-結(jié)尾的單詞，r一般不發(fā)音，但當(dāng)后面接元音時(shí)r或re發(fā)/r/，并與后面的元音連讀：Ilookedforithereandthere.4、意群的停頓：對(duì)于一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的句子，可以根據(jù)意思和結(jié)構(gòu)將其分成幾群,一個(gè)意群必須一口氣說(shuō)完。Millionsofotherstars/arebiggerandbrighter/thanthesun.Oneofourteachers/isgoingtospeak/atthemeeting.Whathehasdone/isgreat.Theyoungman/askedmetheway.Heopenedthedoor/andwentout.Ilostmywatch,/whichwasagiftfrommybestfriendSally,/whileIstayedinLondon.語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)

5.輔音連綴：一個(gè)單詞中有兩個(gè)或更多的輔音連在一起，叫輔音連綴;發(fā)第一個(gè)輔音時(shí)輕而短，發(fā)第二個(gè)輔音時(shí)重而長(zhǎng)。不要在兩個(gè)輔音之間加入元音，也不能吞掉任何一個(gè)輔音。/sm/smokesmilesmell/sn/snakesnow/bl/blackblueblowblameblock/gl/glassglanceglad/gr/grassgrowgrandfather語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)

/fr/freefromfreshframe/fl/flowfleshflyflame/tw/twintwelve/pl/pleaseplayplainplot/pr/properpreparepresent

proposalproblem/st/westlastbest

/ft/leftgiftswift

/kst/textmixed/ld/fieldbuildcontrolled/ks/lakesfaxlikesbikes

語(yǔ)音的基本常識(shí)

6.動(dòng)詞或名詞詞尾加-es/-s或-ed/-d時(shí)發(fā)音規(guī)則。(1)加-es/-s動(dòng)詞或名詞詞尾加-es/-s的輔音連綴應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：①以清輔音結(jié)尾（/s/、/t/、/∫/、/t∫/除外）的名詞加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾及動(dòng)詞加第三人稱單數(shù)-es/-s時(shí)，應(yīng)發(fā)成清輔音/s/。如：名詞：desks，cups，snakes，tips動(dòng)詞：takes，slips，looks，helps②以濁輔音（/d/、/z/、/d?

/除外）或元音結(jié)尾的名詞加復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)尾及動(dòng)詞加第三人稱單數(shù)-es/-s時(shí)，應(yīng)發(fā)成濁輔音/z/。如：名詞：wives,apples,dogs,ideas動(dòng)詞：ties,

frightens,moves,performs③以/s/、/∫/、/ｔ∫/、/z/、/d?/音結(jié)尾的名詞加復(fù)數(shù)及動(dòng)詞后加第三人稱單數(shù)-es/-s時(shí)，應(yīng)發(fā)成/Iz/。如：名詞：classes,bushes,watches,oranges動(dòng)詞：brushes,catches,rises,ranges(2)加-ed動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed的輔音連綴要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：①以清輔音結(jié)尾（/t/除外）的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加-ed發(fā)清輔音/t/。如：helped,watched,looked,jumped。②以濁輔音（/d/除外）或元音結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加-ed發(fā)濁輔音/d/。如：appeared，explained，harmed，owned。③以/t/、/d/結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed讀作/id/。如：defeated，founded，imported，loaded。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音基本常識(shí)7:語(yǔ)調(diào)降調(diào)：