初中英語定語從句演示教學(xué)

1.什么(shénme)是定語(attribute)？Ilikethe

colours.Whichcolours?

energetic第一頁，共35頁。anancient

countrythecolour

ofwisdomthehigh-speedrailway

connectingAtoBtheperson

whohasinfluencedmemost定語---是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語、或句子(jùzi)。漢語中常翻譯成“……的”第二頁，共35頁。定語可以(kěyǐ)由形容詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞,分詞,不定式,介詞短語等來擔(dān)任，修飾名詞。(以分詞,介詞短語為例）第三頁，共35頁。ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.(介詞(jiècí)短語作定語)(現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)分詞作定語)Themandrivingtoofastwasdrunk.

TheboynamedTomismyclassmate.(過去分詞作定語(dìngyǔ))第四頁，共35頁。1.在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面(hòumian)。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。第五頁，共35頁。1.作引導(dǎo)(yǐndǎo)詞2.在定語從句(cónɡjù)中擔(dān)任一定的成分;3.同時(tóngshí)連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句(把主句和從句連起來）引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系副詞whenwhere，why作用Grammar第六頁，共35頁。2.關(guān)系詞在從句中做成分(chéngfèn)：相當于代詞用的叫關(guān)系代詞，相當于副詞用的叫關(guān)系副詞。第七頁，共35頁。關(guān)系詞判斷步驟:首先，要看先行詞。如果(rúguǒ)先行詞是指人,關(guān)系代詞可用who,that,whom,whose。如果(rúguǒ)先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞可用which或that;然后(ránhòu)，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表先行詞主語賓語所有格人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,

of

which第八頁，共35頁。5.定語從句(cónɡjù)的結(jié)構(gòu)….先行詞（名詞/代詞(dàicí)）+關(guān)系代詞(dàicí)（who/which/that/whom)+….1.Heneverforgetsthethings

that/whichheneedstodo.2.Youshouldpaynoattentiontothose

that/who

laughatyou.3.Doyouknowtheteachers

that/whoaresittinginourclassroomnow?第九頁，共35頁。將兩個句子合并(hébìng)成定語從句Matchthetwosentences1.I’mreadinganarticle.ThearticleisaboutTom.I’mreadinganarticlethat/whichisaboutTom.2.Sheisateacher.TheteacherteachesusEnglish.Sheisateacherthat/whoteachesusEnglish.3.Whereisthecoat?Youboughtitlastweek.Whereisthecoatwhich/thatyouboughtlastweek?1.找先行(xiānxíng)詞2.換關(guān)系(guānxì)詞

3.抄其余部分第十頁，共35頁。Ilikemusic.Mostpeoplelikethemusic.Ilikemusicthatmostpeoplelike.that修飾先行詞musicthat在從句中做賓語.(可以(kěyǐ)省略)定語(dìngyǔ)從句I第十一頁，共35頁。Ilikesingers.

Thesingerssingthewordsclearly.Ilikesingerswhosingthewordsclearly.who修飾先行(xiānxíng)詞singerswho在從句中做主語.(不能省)第十二頁，共35頁。Rosalikesmusicthat’squietand

gentle.Rosa喜歡輕柔(qīngróu)的音樂。2.IlikemusicthatIcansingalong

with.我喜歡能隨之歌唱的音樂3.Ilovesingerswhowritetheirown

music.我喜歡能自己作曲的歌星第十三頁，共35頁。Grammar1.who指人,作主語(zhǔyǔ)或賓語(作賓語可省略Theman(who)

Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.(who作賓語(bīnyǔ))(who作主語(zhǔyǔ))第十四頁，共35頁。2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞(jiècí)提前則不能省)Theman(whom/who)

ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.(whom前有介詞(jiècí)to,whom不能省去。)Grammar第十五頁，共35頁。

Wemettheteacheryesterday.

Theteacherwillgiveusa talk.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusa talk.注:定語從句的時態(tài)(shítài)不受主句的限制。第十六頁，共35頁。3.whose是代詞的所有格形式(xíngshì),它既可以代人也可以代物。

Isawawoman. Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.(whose作定語(dìngyǔ))Grammar第十七頁，共35頁。4.which指物，作主語(zhǔyǔ)或賓語(作賓語可省,如介詞提前則不能)Isthisthelibrary(which)

youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhich

youborrowbooks?Grammar第十八頁，共35頁。關(guān)系代詞的作用：a.做代詞，代替先行詞b.在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分主語或賓語c.做連詞(liáncí)，把主句和從句連接起來注意：who/that在定語從句中做主語時，謂語動詞(dòngcí)的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致Ilikeapizzathatisreallydelicious.Ilovesingerswhoarebeautiful.

Grammar第十九頁，共35頁。單項選擇(xuǎnzé)。1.Thisisthejob______theylaughedat.（嘲笑）A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark____builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman______atyesterday’smeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.shewasseenACB第二十頁，共35頁。單項選擇(xuǎnzé)4.Theman______ispaintingthehouseismyuncle.A.he B.whomC.whose D.who5.Whatistheanimal______babyissleepinginitspocket?A.who B.whoseC.its D.whichDB第二十一頁，共35頁?！P(guān)系(guānxì)副詞關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行(xiānxíng)詞,在句中作狀語。where:在從句中作地點狀語(zhuàngyǔ),指代地點.when:在從句中作時間狀語(zhuàngyǔ),指代時間。1.Thehotelwasn’tclean.

+Westayedatthehotel.Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.The

hotel

(which)

westayedatwasn’tclean.第二十二頁，共35頁。2.I’llneverforgettheday.

IjoinedthePartyonthatday.

I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheParty.I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheParty.第二十三頁，共35頁。5.從句的謂語(wèiyǔ)動詞要與先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。Ilikethebookwhich/thatisonthedesk.我喜歡桌上的那本書。Ilikethebookswhich/thatareonthedesk.第二十四頁，共35頁。Thegirl____wonthematchnotsolongagoiscalledGuoYue,afamousChinesetabletennisplayer.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whom第二十五頁，共35頁。在以下(yǐxià)情況下只用關(guān)系詞that1.指物的先行(xiānxíng)詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時2.先行詞是something,nothing,anything等不定(bùdìng)代詞時3.先行詞既有人也有物時,只用that第二十六頁，共35頁。4.先行(xiānxíng)詞是oneof,theone,或用little,much,few,no,all,some,any,theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast作修飾時5.當主句(zhǔjù)已有疑問詞who或which時，用that第二十七頁，共35頁。只能用which，不用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從中。Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定語從句由介詞(jiècí)+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)先行詞是物時。Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.第二十八頁，共35頁。注:who,that在指人可以(kěyǐ)通用，但下列宜用who,不用that1)先行詞是anyone,someone,those時，關(guān)系(guānxì)詞使用who2)在therebe句型(jùxínɡ)中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用who第二十九頁，共35頁。Istillrememberthegirl

(whom/that)wesawyesterday.第三十頁，共35頁。

請用thatorwho并成一句1.Ilike

music.Themusic

isloudandexciting.__________________________2.Sheloves

movies.

Themovies

areromantic.___________________________Ilike

music

that

isloudandexciting.Sheloves

movies

that

areromantic.haveatryEx.I第三十一頁，共35頁。3.Tonyhas

agoodfriend.

Thefriend

canspeakEnglishwell.___________________________________4.Jimreadsbooks.

ThebooksarewritteninEnglish.___________________________

Tonyhasagoodfriendwho

canspeakEnglishwell.haveatryJimreads

books

that

arewritteninEnglish.Ex.I第三十二頁，共35頁。5.Wehaveagoodteacher.

Theteacherisverybeautiful._________________________________6.Ilovesongs.ZhouJielunsingsthesongs________________________________