高中英語外研版Module5Cloning module5sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writing虛擬語氣(Ⅰ)閱讀下列句子，體會(huì)黑體部分的用法1．Ifyouwereheadofthegovernment,wouldyouallowcloning?2．Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn'thavebeensowonderful.3．lfitweretorain/shouldrain/rained,thecropswouldbesaved.4．HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.5．Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.6．ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.7．Butforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavesucceeded.8．Shewasn'tfeelingshewouldn'thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.一、虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法情況從句謂語動(dòng)詞主句謂語動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were)would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成時(shí)would/should/could/might＋have＋過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)(be用were)should＋動(dòng)詞原形wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒問題了。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldtakethebeautifuldressformydaughter.如果我的錢足夠的話，我就會(huì)為女兒買下這件漂亮的禮服。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果早點(diǎn)起床，你就會(huì)趕上火車了。(與過去事實(shí)相反)Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthesportsmeeting.如果明天下雨的話，我們就得推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。(與將來事實(shí)相反)二、虛擬條件的三種特殊形式1．省略if的虛擬語氣虛擬條件句中若含有were,had或should，可以把if省略，把were，had或should提到句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。不可把否定的縮略形式一起置于句首。WereitSundaytomorrow,wewouldgototheGreatWall.要是明天是星期日，我們就能去長(zhǎng)城了。HadItakenmyfather'ssuggestion,Iwouldhavedoneitbetter.如果聽從了父親的建議，我會(huì)做得更好。Shoulditraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.如果明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)會(huì)被推遲。Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.若不是費(fèi)用的問題，我現(xiàn)在就出國(guó)了。2．錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句在虛擬語氣中，條件從句中的謂語可以和主句中的謂語發(fā)生時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)從句和主句要根據(jù)各自所發(fā)生的時(shí)間選用符合具體時(shí)間的虛擬語氣形式。Ifyouhadpreparedinadvance,youwouldn'tbeinsuchanawkwardpositionnow.如果你事先做好準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在就不至于那么被動(dòng)。(從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.如果我是你，我昨天就去參加他的生日宴會(huì)了。(從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去)3．含蓄虛擬條件句有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不是以if條件從句表示，而是通過其他形式表現(xiàn)出來，這種從句被稱作含蓄虛擬條件句，其主要用法如下。(1)用butfor,without等介詞(短語)表示條件。Butfortherain，weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.要不是下雨，我們會(huì)有一次愉快的旅行。(2)用連詞otherwise,or等暗示后文與前面的情況相反，從而引出后文的虛擬語氣。Therewasatrafficjamontheway,otherwise,Iwouldhavearrivedanhourago.路上堵車，要不然我一小時(shí)前就到了。(3)虛擬條件通過but暗示出來，but前面為虛擬語氣，后面為真實(shí)情況。Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.我本該多幫幫你，但我太忙了。三、虛擬語氣用于wish后的賓語從句在wish后的賓語從句中，常常表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句中通常用虛擬語氣，意為“可惜……”、“……就好了”、“悔不該……”。1．對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況的虛擬，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)。2．對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞常用had＋過去分詞。3．對(duì)將來的主觀愿望，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞常用would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形。Iwishwecouldgototheseasidetoday.我們今天去海邊就好了。Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.我們要是早到那里兩個(gè)小時(shí)就好了。Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.但愿明天天氣晴朗。四、其他幾種虛擬語氣1．It's(high/right)time＋that...句式謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞過去式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形，其中should不能省略，be動(dòng)詞用were。表示“現(xiàn)在該……”。It'stimethatyouhadahaircut.你該理發(fā)了。It'shightimethatweshouldtakesomeaction.我們?cè)摬扇∫恍┬袆?dòng)了。2．wouldrather虛擬語氣從句wouldrather意為“寧愿……”。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反的愿望時(shí)，句子謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望時(shí)，句子謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。I'dratheryoupaidmenow.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就付給我錢。Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.我寧愿他們明天來。I'drathershehadn'tdonethat.我寧愿她沒做那件事。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．IfIhadenoughmoneynow,I(buy)acar.2．Ifwe(drive)inturn,youwouldn'thavegotsotired.3．Ifit(snow)tomorrow,wewouldtakephotos.4．Ifyou(nowatch)TVyesterday,you(notbe)sleepynow.5．Iwasillthat,I(take)partinthesportsmeeting.【答案】buydriventosnow'twatched；wouldn'tbehavetakenⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Wereitraintomorrow，thesportsmeetwouldbepostponed.2．IfIhadhadtime，IwouldhavegonetothepartywithIamverybusy.3．Withoutyourhelp，thechildwouldn'tputupthepictureonthewalljustnow.4．IwishIvisitedthecitybefore.5．It'stimethatyougotoschool.【答案】前加to→was前加have前加had→went關(guān)于正反觀點(diǎn)的議論文正反觀點(diǎn)類議論文針對(duì)一些社會(huì)熱門話題或貼近生活的話題為內(nèi)容展開討論，并表明自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)。寫正反觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比類作文應(yīng)注意下列事項(xiàng)：1．結(jié)構(gòu)：寫此類作文時(shí)，一般采用三段式。首先提出問題，即點(diǎn)明人們?cè)谑裁磫栴}上持有不同的觀點(diǎn)，其次要對(duì)比陳述不同的觀點(diǎn)和理由，最后就是要根據(jù)題目要求恰當(dāng)?shù)仃愂鲆幌伦约旱挠^點(diǎn)和理由，最好不要重復(fù)前面談到的理由。2．語言：所用時(shí)態(tài)多為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。中心人稱是第三人稱。行文時(shí)要注意就事論事，對(duì)比要點(diǎn)要清晰完整，一目了然。3．行文：文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系由過渡性詞和短語來完成，在修辭中稱為“起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”?！捌稹本褪情_頭，“承”就是承接，“轉(zhuǎn)”是轉(zhuǎn)折，“合”是綜合或總結(jié)。[亮點(diǎn)句式]1．Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson.../Viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.2．Opinionsarevariousonthismatter.3．Everythinghastwoaspects./Everycoinhastwosides.4．Somepeoplethinkthat...，whereasothersarguethat...5．Itisknowntousallthat...6．Inaddition,itwillbemoredifficultfor...todo...7．AsfarasIamconcerned，...8．Foronething，...Foranother，...9．Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration，...10．Inconclusion,Ibelievethat...11．Someareinfavorof/forit.12．Somepeopleapproveof/agreewith/supportit.13．Someofthemholdtheviewthat...14．Whileothersholdtheoppositeopinion.【寫作任務(wù)】【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：38300037】你們就高二模擬考試應(yīng)該偏難還是偏易這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行了一次討論。結(jié)合下表內(nèi)容，用英語寫一篇短文，介紹有關(guān)討論的情況，并發(fā)表自己的看法。贊成偏難，反對(duì)偏易贊成偏易，反對(duì)偏難喜歡挑戰(zhàn)，越難越好；有助于學(xué)生了解自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)方法題目太難，學(xué)生會(huì)泄氣，會(huì)害怕今后的高考；題目容易，易得高分，獲得自信注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右，開頭已為你寫好(不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))；2．文章必須包含所有要點(diǎn)，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：高考CollegeEntranceExaminationRecentlyIhavemadeaninvestigationonwhetheramodeltestpaperforSeniortwostudentsshouldbedifficultorarevariousonthismatter.[審題謀篇]體裁議論文話題學(xué)校生活時(shí)態(tài)主體部分用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)人稱一、三人稱[遣詞造句]Ⅰ.詞匯1．beweakin 在……方面不擅長(zhǎng)2．inone'sopinion 某人認(rèn)為3．beagainst 反對(duì)4．feelterribleabout 覺得害怕5．neither...nor... 既不……也不……6．gainconfidence 獲得自信7．loseheart 失去信心Ⅱ.句式1．在這個(gè)問題上的觀點(diǎn)/看法因人而異。Opinionsarevariousonthismatter./Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonthismatter.2．有些學(xué)生認(rèn)為難的考試就是挑戰(zhàn)。Somestudentsthinkitachallengetotakeadifficultexam.3．考試簡(jiǎn)單了，就可以得高分，獲得自信。Takinganeasyexam,theycangethighmarksandgainconfidence.4．我希望考試既不太難也不太容易。Iwouldprefertotakeanexamwhichisneithertoodifficultnortooeasy.5．考試題目太難，我們就會(huì)灰心喪氣。Iftheexamistoodifficult,wewillloseheart.[妙筆成篇]【參考范文】RecentlyIhavemadeaninvestigationonwhetheramodeltestpaperforSeniortwostudentsshouldbedifficultorarevariousonthismatter.Somestudentsthinkitachallengetotakeadifficultharder,thethinkonlyinthiswaycanithelpstudentsfindoutwheretheyareweakinstudiesandimprovetheirlearningapproaches.Others,however,areagainstadifficulttheiropinion,ifitisverydifficult,theymaybecomediscouragedandfeelterribleaboutthecomingCollegeEntrance,takinganeasyexam,theycangethighmarksandgainconfidence.Iwouldprefertotakeanexamwhichisneithertoodifficultnortooifitistooeasy,teacherswillnotknowhowweareactuallygettingonwithourstudies,andifitistoodifficult,wewillloseheart.學(xué)業(yè)分層測(cè)評(píng)(十五)Ⅰ.完成句子1．要是有一天我上了月球，就能親眼看看月亮表面是什么樣子了。IfItothemoonsomeday，Ithesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyes.2．如果他們學(xué)習(xí)不那么刻苦，就不會(huì)通過考試了。Iftheyhard，theyintheexam.3．要不是幾次中斷，會(huì)議半個(gè)小時(shí)前就開完了。theseinterruptionsthemeetinghalfanhourago.4．我要是和她一起去那兒就好了。IwishItherewithher.5．我多么希望像一只鳥一樣可以飛！HowIwishIlikeabird!【答案】to/shouldgo；couldseenotstudied；wouldhavefailedfor；wouldhavefinishedgoneflyⅡ.閱讀理解AAcancer-strickenBritishteenagegirlsaidThursdayshehadbeenmovedbymessagesofsupportfromaroundtheworldafterwritinganonline“BucketList”ofthingsshewantedtodobeforedying.AlicePyne，15,createdanInternetbloginwhichshedescribedherfightagainstacancerofthewhitebloodcells.“I'vebeenfightingcancerforalmostfouryearsandnowIknowthatthecancerisgainingonmeanditdoesn'tlooklikeI'mgoingtowinthisone，”shewrote.Forherlist,theteenagertookinspirationfromthe2023film“TheBucketList”，inwhichtwoterminallyill(患絕癥的)men,playedbyMorganFreemanandJackNicholson,drawupalistofthingstheywishtodobeforetheydie.Onherlist,atthesiteshehasincludedmakingeveryonesignuptobeabonemarrowdonor(骨髄捐贈(zèng)者),swimmingwithsharks,meetingboybandTakeThatandgettingapurpleiPadcomputer.MessagesofsupportandoffersofhelpquicklyfloodedherwebpageanditbecameoneofthemosttalkedaboutsubjectsonTwitter.“OhdearandIthoughtthatIwasjustdoingalittleblogforafewfriends！”shewroteafterhersiteattractedhugeattention.“Thankyousomuchforallyourlovelymessagestome.”Pyne,wholiveswithherfamilyinthenorthwestEnglishtownofUlverston,revealed(透露)themanagementofTakeThathadarrangedforhertoseethebandafterreadinghergroupoflocallawmakershavealsojoinedforceswiththeAnthonyNolanbloodcancercharitytoencouragepeopletojoinitsstemcellregister.1．WhathappenedafterAlicePynewroteher“BucketList”？A．Themediacalledonpeopletohelpher.B．Peoplesentgiftstoherfromallovertheworld.C．Alotofpeopleofferedtodonatebonemarrowtoher.D．Peoplearoundtheworldsentmessagestosupporther.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段“Messagesofsupportandoffersofhelpquicklyfloodedherwebpage”可以看出帖子發(fā)布后，收到了世界各地的人們支持她的信息。所以選D?！敬鸢浮緿2．AlicePynewroteher“BucketList”to．A．expressherlastfewwishesB．saygoodbyetoafewfriendsC．givecomforttotwoterminallyillmenD．catchpeople'sattention【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“writinganonline‘BucketList’ofthingsshewantedtodobeforedying”可以看出“BucketList”表達(dá)的是她最后的幾個(gè)愿望。所以選A。【答案】A3．ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatAlicePyne．A．isunawareofherownconditionsB．iscalmtoknowthatdeathisapproachingC．isverysadtoknowthatshewilldieD．isstillquiteconfidentinfightingagainstthecancer【解析】推理判斷題。由第二段的“Iknowthatthecancerisgainingonmeanditdoesn'tlooklikeI'mgoingtowinthisone”可知她對(duì)自己的病情和結(jié)果進(jìn)行了平靜的敘述，由此可知B項(xiàng)符合語境?！敬鸢浮緽4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTonAlicePyne's“BucketList”？A．Tomeetaboy.B．Togetacoolcomputer.C．Toswimwithsharks.D．Toaskpeopletodonatebonemarrow.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段介紹了“BucketList”所有的內(nèi)容，其中包括B、C、D三項(xiàng)，但是“boybandTakeThat”是一個(gè)樂隊(duì)而不是一個(gè)男孩。所以選A。【答案】ABThere'snothingMickeyMouseabouttheworkofscientistsatamedicalcenterhere．Medicalresearchersrecentlygrewahuman-shapedearinalabdish，thenjoinedittothebackofamousesuccessfully.Tomaketheear,scientistsfirstpulledoutbitsofcartilage(軟骨)fromahumanusedthosecellstogrowmorecartilagecartilagecellswerethenputintoaspecialpolymermoldshapedlikeahuman,abiodegradableplastic,absorbedthecartilagecellsinaboutaweek.Toseeiftheearcouldbeconnectedwiththehumanbodysuccessfully,scientistsputthenewearintotheskinonamouse'smousehadbeenspeciallykepttolackaninfection-fightingsystem,orimmunelackofanimmunesystempreventedthemouse'sbodyfromattackingtheear,aprocesscalledall,theearwasn'titsownoriginally,soitwouldhaveattackedtheearifithadhadanimmunesystem.Afterseveraldays,themouse'sskingrewaroundtheear,keepingtheearinsaidthemouseexperimentwouldleadtotransplantsofearsandnosesgrownfromhumancartilageintohumans.Thetransplantswouldbeusedforpeoplewholacksomethingsuchasearsandnosesfrombirthorhavehadaccidentalthosecases,theearornosecouldbetransplantedunderaperson'sskinsothecartilagewouldhaveanaturalcovering.5．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1meanaccordingtothepassage?A．Thescientists'workhasnothingtodowithMickeyMouse.B．Thescientistsheredon'tlikeMickeyMouseatall.C．Thescientistsdon'tdoanyexperimentonMickeyMouse.D．FilmsonMickeyMousewillneverbemadehere.【解析】句意理解題。此句所表達(dá)的意思為“在這里的醫(yī)療中心，科學(xué)家們的工作與米老鼠沒有任何關(guān)系”。選項(xiàng)A中“hasnothingtodowith...”意為“與……無關(guān)”?！敬鸢浮緼6．Thepassagemainlytellsaboutawonderfulexperimentof．A．makingaplasticearforamouseB．makingahumanearoutofamouse'scartilageC．makingahumanearoutofhumancartilageD．transplantingahumanearontoamouse'sback【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。耳朵是給人移植用的，只不過先在老鼠身上做個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，而且耳朵的細(xì)胞組織也是從人的腿部軟骨組織上獲取的，故C項(xiàng)正確?！敬鸢浮緾7．WhichofthefollowingistheCORRETorderoftheexperiment?a．Puttingthecartilagecellsintoapolymermold.b．Joiningthenewearintotheskinonamouse'sback.c．Takingoutsomecartilagefromahumanleg.d．Themouse'sskingrowingaroundtheear.e．Thepolymer'sabsorbingthecartilagecells.A．c，a，b，d，e B．c，a，e，b，dC．a(chǎn)，e，e，b，d D．a(chǎn)，e，e，d，b【解析】順序排列題。該實(shí)驗(yàn)的正確順序是：獲取組織—放入模型—細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)—移植—成活。從第二段至第四段的內(nèi)容可知實(shí)驗(yàn)的步驟。因此，B項(xiàng)排序正確。【答案】B8．Theearwasputintotheskinonamouse'sbackinorderto．A．testwhetheritcouldbeconnectedtoalivingbodysuccessfullyB．createanewkindofmouseforfunC．seewhetheritwouldhearaswellasrealonesD．provethepossibilityoftransplantinghumanorgansintootheranimals【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段第一句可知答案。【答案】AⅢ.語法填空W：Thanksforstayingtunedtoournextitemis1.(real)arequitethefashionnowadays—2.arebooksabouttwins,websitesabouttwins;twinsevenhavetheirownfestivalsand'vesentourreporter,TrevorWilliams,toAmerica3.(find)outfirst-handinformationaboutaveryspecialtwins,canyou4.me?M：Yes,Karen，loudandclear.W：Andwhereareyoutoday,Trevor?M：Asyoucansee,I'mhereintheheartofNewYorkCity,inan5.(amaze)placetoeat—TwinsRestaurant.W：Well,thenTrevor,6.canyoutellusabouttherestaurant?M：Well,Karen,Ispoketotheowners,twinsDebbieandLisatoldmethatallthewaitersand7.(wait)intheirrestaurantareidenticaltwins—37pairsinall—andtheyalwaysworkatthesametime，atthesametables.W：Don'tthecustomersgetconfused?M：That'spartofthefun!And8.