汽車英語 二單元

Unit2Engine2-1Four-CylinderInlineGasolineEngine

直列四缸汽油機(jī)圖2-1A-rearofengine發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后面B-frontofengine發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前面1-VVTcontroller=variablevalvetimingcontroller可變配氣正時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)器2-cylinderheadcover氣門室罩3-oilfillercap加機(jī)油口罩4-camshaft凸輪軸5-throttlebody節(jié)氣門體6-O2S=oxygensensor氧傳感器（可用O2S，但汽車界常用o2s）7-catalyticconverter催化轉(zhuǎn)化器8-balanceshaft平衡軸9-oilpan油底殼10-oilstrainer機(jī)油濾清器11-oilpump機(jī)油泵12-camshafttimingsprocket凸輪軸正時(shí)鏈輪13-timingchain正時(shí)鏈條14-timingchaincover正時(shí)鏈條罩15-ignitioncoilwithigniter帶點(diǎn)火器的點(diǎn)火線圈COP=coil-on-plug裝在火花塞的點(diǎn)火線圈16-cylinderhead缸蓋，氣缸蓋17-oildipstick機(jī)油尺18-exhaustgasmanifold排氣歧管19-outletspout出水管20-thermostat節(jié)溫器21-jacket水套22-cylinderblock缸體，氣缸體

23-intakeairmanifold進(jìn)氣歧管24-injector噴油器本課新單詞1、balance平衡，均衡2、block塊，氣缸體3、camshaft凸輪軸4、cap帽子；保護(hù)套5、chain鏈，鎖鏈6、coil線圈，繞組7、controller控制器；管理者8、cover蓋子，封面，覆蓋物9、cylinder氣缸10、dipstick量油尺11、exhaust排氣12、filler填充料；摻入物13、gas氣體，汽油14、gasoline汽油15、igniter點(diǎn)火器16、ignition點(diǎn)火，點(diǎn)燃17、injector噴油器18、inline直列式（的）19、intake吸入，進(jìn)氣20、jacket套，水套21、oil機(jī)油，潤滑油22、outlet出口23、oxygen氧，氧氣24、pan盤，盤狀容器25、plug塞，火花塞26、rear后部，背27、spout管口28、sprocket鏈輪29、strainer過濾器；濾網(wǎng)30、thermostat恒溫（調(diào)節(jié)）器31、throttle油門，節(jié)氣門32、timing正時(shí)，定時(shí)33、variable變化的，可變的閱讀材料TheInlineEngine

Weallknowtheengineistheheartoftheautomobile.Whatisthecoreoftheengine?Yes,it’sthecylinder.Mostcarshavemorethanonecylinder(four,six,eightcylindersarecommon).Inamulti–cylinderengine，thecylinderusuallyarearrangedinoneofthreeways:inline,Vorflat.Inaninlineengine,thecylindersarearrangedinalineinasinglebank.Theinlinearrangementisthesimplestandmostcommononeandhasmanyadvantages.First,theenginehasagoodstabilityandmorepower.Second,thestructuresofthecylinderblockandcrankshaftareverysimpleandtheyshareonlyonecylinderhead.Thecosttomanufactureandinstallisless.Becauseoftheseadvantages,BWMandalsomanyAmericancarmanufacturesliketousetheinlinecylinderengine.ThiskindofengineiswidelyusedinthecarsmadeinChina.生詞短語注解：1、advantage優(yōu)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)勢2、arrange排列安排3、arrangement排列，安排4、automobile汽車5、bank（一）組，（一）列6、core核（心），中心部分7、flat平坦的，平直的8、heart心臟9、manufacture制造，加工10、power動(dòng)力11、share共享，分享12、structure結(jié)構(gòu)2-2BasicTermsOfanEngine

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)基本術(shù)語TDC=topdeadcenter上止點(diǎn)BDC=bottomdeadcenter下止點(diǎn)E=exhaustport排氣口I=intakePort/inletPort進(jìn)氣口S=pistonstroke，pistontravel活塞行程Sk=pistonclearancefromTDC活塞離上止點(diǎn)距離Ss=Portheight孔口高度r=crankradius曲柄半徑Φ=crankangle，crankshaftangle曲柄角Vf=chargevolume每缸充氣體積（二沖程）Vh=sweptvolumeofacylinder/pistondisplacement/displacementof(one)cylinder氣缸工作體積，每缸排量Vc=combustionchamber（space）volume燃燒室容積Vc+Vh=cylindertotalvolume氣缸總?cè)莘e（Vc+Vh）/Vc=compressionratio壓縮比本課新單詞1、basic基本的，基礎(chǔ)的2、bottom底部，末端3、center中心，中央4、chamber室，腔，燃燒室5、charge充氣，充電6、combustion燃燒7、compression壓縮8、crank曲柄，曲軸9、crankshaft曲軸10、dead死的，停止的11、displacement置換，位移12、inlet進(jìn)口，入口13、inner內(nèi)部的，里面的14、outer外部的，遠(yuǎn)離中心的15、piston活塞16、radius半徑17、ratio比，比率18、stroke行程，沖程，升程19、swept打掃，掃過，掠過20、term術(shù)語21、top頂部，頂端22、travel行程，移動(dòng)，行進(jìn)23、volume體積，容量閱讀材料MainTermsTherearetermsindescribingtheoperationsofanautomobileengine.Let’sseesomebasicterms.Strokereferstopistonmovement.Astrokeoccurswhenthepistonmovesfromoneextremepositiontotheotherextremepositioninsidetheengine

cylinder.ThehighestpositionthatpistonreachesinsidethecylinderiscalledTDC(topdeadcenter).Similarly,thelowestpositionthatthepistonreachesinsidethecylinderiscalledBDC(bottomdeadandcenter).SowecanalsosayastrokeispistonmovementfromTDCtoBDCorviceversa.Duringtheinductionstroke,thevolumeofair/fuelmixturetofillasinglecylinderissweptbythepiston.Thisvolumeiscalledthesweptvolume.Duringthecompressionstroke,thesweptvolumeiscompressedintoasmallspaceabovethepiston.Andatthistime,thepistonreachesthetopofthecylinder.Thespaceiscalledastheclearancevolume.Theclearancevolumeandthesweptvolumedeterminethecompressionratio.Generally,ahighcompressionratioisgoodforperformanceandefficiency.生詞短語注解：

1、describe描寫，敘述2、determine決定，確定3、efficiency效率，功效4、extreme盡頭的，極端的5、generally通常，一般的6、highest最高的（high的最高級）7、induction（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）進(jìn)氣，吸氣8、lowest最低的（low）的最高級）9、mixture混合物10、occur發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)11、performance性能12、position位置13、similarly同樣地，類似于14、vice代替15、becalledas被稱作16、from…to…從……到……17、refer…to…提到，涉及18、viceversa反之亦然2-3Four-StrokeEngine

四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)A-intakestroke/suctionstroke進(jìn)氣沖程Theintakevalveisopenwhiletheexhaustvalveisclose.進(jìn)氣門開啟而排氣門關(guān)閉。B-compressionstroke/compressiontravel壓縮沖程Boththeintakeandexhaustvalvesareclose.進(jìn)氣門和排氣門均關(guān)閉C-powerstoke/combustionstroke/workingstroke/firingstroke/firingstroke/expansionstroke膨脹（做功）沖程Boththeintakeandexhaustvalvesareclose.進(jìn)氣門和排氣門均關(guān)閉D-exhauststroke排氣沖程Theintakevalveisclosewhilethe

exhaustvalveisopen.進(jìn)氣門關(guān)閉而排氣門開啟IV=intakevalve進(jìn)氣門EV=exhaustvalve排氣門本課新單詞1、close關(guān)，關(guān)閉2、expansion膨脹3、firing點(diǎn)（發(fā)）火，點(diǎn)燃4、open開的，斷開的；打開，開啟5、suction吸入，吸氣，進(jìn)氣6、work工作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

Four-StrokeEngineCycleThefourstrokewasfirstinventedbyNikolausAugust(1832-1891)in1876,soitisalsoknownastheOttocycle.Thefourstrokeengineisprobablythemostcommonenginetypenowadays.Itpowersalmostallcarsandtrucks.Thefourstrokesofthecycleareintake，compression，power，andexhaust.Tocompletethefullcycleittakestworevolutionsofthecrankshaft.A4-Strokegasolineengineuses“internal”combustion。TheintakeStrokestartswiththeexhaustvalveclosed，theinletvalveopening，andthepistonatitshighestpoint，topdeadcenter。Itstartstomovedown，increasingthevolumeabovethetopofthepiston。Thismakespressureinsidethecylinderlowerthanthepressureoutside。Thishigheroutsideairpressureforcestheair-fuelmixtureintothecylinder。Thepistonreachesbottomdeadcenter，theinletvalvecloses，andtheintakeStrokeends。Bothintakeandexhaustvalvesstayclosedasthepistonleavesbottomdeadcenter。Thepistonmovesup，whichcompressionthevolumeoftheair-fuelmixture。Thatcausestheair/fuelchargestemperaturetorise，andthatmakesignitioneasierandcombustion（burningoffuel）morecomplete。Justbeforethepistonreachestopdeadcenter，ignitionoccurs。Theairexpandinginthecylinderpushesthepistondownthecylinder。ThisisthepowerStrokethatdrivestheengine。Thepistonnowmovesfrombottomdeadcentertotopdeadcenter。Theexhaustvalveopens，andthepistonpushesouttheleftovergases。Let’slookatacomplete4-Strokecycle：Intake——takesinair-fuelmixture。Compression——squeezestheair-fuelmixtureintoasmallerandsmallervolume。Power——themixtureunderpressureisignited。TheAir-fuelmixtureisburning。Expandinggasespushthepistondowncreatingapowerstroke。Exhaust——thepistonmovesupward，forcingburnedgasesoutofthecylinder。生詞短語注解：1、burning燃燒的2、complete完成3、create創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作4、cycle周期，循環(huán)5、force迫使，促使6、increase增加，增大7、internal內(nèi)部的8、invent發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造9、leave離開10、leftover剩余物，殘余物11、probably大概，可能12、push推，推動(dòng)13、revolution旋轉(zhuǎn)14、rise上升，升高15、squeeze擠，擠壓16、temperature溫度17、beknownas以……著稱18、movedown往下移動(dòng)19、moveup往上移動(dòng)20、NikolausAugustOtto（1832-1891）尼克勞斯。奧古斯特，奧托（德國機(jī)械工程師，第一臺四沖程內(nèi)燃機(jī)的制造者）21、Ottocycle奧托循環(huán)2-4TheComponentsofacylinderHead

氣缸蓋零部件圖2-41、5、8、21、25—bolt螺栓2—oilfillercapseal加機(jī)油口高密封墊3—oilfillercap加機(jī)油口蓋4—enginetrinecover發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)裝飾罩6—camshaftcover（CM/SHFCVR)凸輪軸7—camshaftcovergasket氣門是蓋密封墊9—EGRvalveEGR閥，排氣再循環(huán)環(huán)閥10—bearingcapCAP，CM/SHFBRGRER=rearcamshaftbearingcap凸輪軸后蓋承蓋11—EGRvalveseatringEGR閥密封圈12—EGRvalveadapterEGR閥轉(zhuǎn)接器13—cylinderhead（HEAD，CYL）氣缸蓋14—intakevalve進(jìn)氣門15、—exhaustmanifoldheatshield排氣歧管隔熱罩16、cylinderheadgasket氣缸蓋襯墊17、exhaustmanifold（EXHMANIF）排氣歧管18、exhaustmanifoldgasket排氣歧管墊19、stud螺栓20、exhaustvalve（EXHVLV）排氣門22、thermostathousing節(jié)溫器殼體23、thermostathousinggasket節(jié)溫器殼體襯墊24、plug塞子26、camshaftpositionsensor凸輪軸位置傳感器27、oilgalleryplug機(jī)油油道孔塞28、sleeve套管29、frontbearingcap前軸承蓋30、exhaustcamshaft排氣凸輪軸31、sealring密封圈32、camshaftgear凸輪軸齒輪33、washer墊圈34、camshaftgearbolt凸輪軸齒輪螺栓35、intakecamshaft（INICM/ＳＨＦ）進(jìn)氣凸輪軸36、frontbearingcapbolt前軸承蓋螺栓37、cylinderheadbolt（ＢＯＬＴ，ＣＹＬＨＤ）氣缸蓋螺栓38、tappetadjuster挺柱間隙調(diào)節(jié)器valvelifter（ＬＩＦＴＥＲ，ＶＬＶ）氣門液壓挺柱39、valvekey（KEY，VLVSTEM）氣門鎖片40、valvespringcap氣門彈簧蓋41、valvespring（SPRING，VLV）氣門彈簧42、valvestemseal（SEAL，VLVSTEMOIL）

氣門油封43、valvespringseat氣門彈簧座44、valveguide(GUIDE,VLV)氣門導(dǎo)管45、46、valveseatring氣門座圈47、intakemanifold（INIMANIF）氣門歧管48、intakemanifoldgasket進(jìn)氣歧管襯墊49、throttlebodygasket節(jié)氣門體襯墊50、nut螺母51、throttlebody節(jié)氣門體本課新單詞：1、adjuster調(diào)節(jié)器2、bearing軸承3、bolt螺栓4、component組成部分，部件，元件5、EGR=exhaustgasrecirculation廢氣再循環(huán)6、gallery道，油道7、gasket襯墊8、gear齒輪，（變速器）擋9、guide導(dǎo)向裝置，（配氣機(jī)構(gòu)）導(dǎo)管10、heat熱，熱量11、housing外殼，外罩12、key鍵，鎖片13、lifter挺柱14、nut螺母15、ring環(huán)狀物，圓圈16、seal密封17、shield護(hù)罩，防護(hù)物18、sleeve套管，套筒19、spring彈簧20、stem阻止，封堵21、stud螺栓22、tappet挺柱，挺桿23、washer墊圈，墊片，洗滌器閱讀材料：CylinderHead

Thecylinderheadfastenstothetopoftheblock，justasaroofofahouse。Theundersideformsthecombustionchamberwiththetopofthepiston。Thecylinderheadcarriesthevalves，andithasportstoallowair，fuel，andexhaustmovethroughtheengine。Likethecylinderblock，theheadismadefromeithercastironoraluminumalloy。Thecylinderheadisattachedtotheblockwithhigh-tensilesteelstuds。Thejointbetweentheblockandtheheadmustbegas-tightsothatnoneoftheburningmixturecanescape。Thus，agasketisused。Headgasketsaremadeofthinsheets

ofsoftmetalorofasbestosandmetal，Gasketsarealsousedtosealjointsbetweenotherparts，suchasbetweentheoilpan，manifolds，orwaterpumpandtheblock。生詞短語注解：1、alloy合金2、aluminium鋁3、asbestos石棉4、attach附著，連接5、cast澆鑄，澆造6、escape排除，逸出7、fasten固定，緊固8、form形成，構(gòu)成9、gas-tight不漏氣的，耐氣構(gòu)成的10、iron鐵11、joint接縫，結(jié)合點(diǎn)12、metal金屬13、roof頂，頂部14、sheet薄板，（一）片（張）15、soft軟的，柔軟的16、steel鋼，鋼鐵17、tensile抗拉的，張力的18、thin薄的，微薄的19、underside下面，內(nèi)面20、beattachedto附著的，連接到，固定在……上21、bemadefrom由……制成22、between…and…在……和……之間（兩者之間）

2-5LubricationSystem

潤滑系統(tǒng)圖2-51—oilpressureswitch油壓開關(guān)2—mainoilgallery主油道3—oilfilter/lubricationoilfilter機(jī)油濾清器4—oilcooler機(jī)油冷卻器airoilcooler風(fēng)冷式機(jī)油冷卻器5—reliefvalve限（釋）壓閥6—suctionstrainer吸入口濾網(wǎng)oilstrainer機(jī)油收集器pickuppipeandscreen吸入管和濾網(wǎng)7—oilpump機(jī)油泵本課新單詞：1、cooler冷卻器

2、filter濾清器，過濾器3、gallery道，通道4、lubrication潤滑，注油5、pickup拾起，獲得6、relief減壓，解除，釋放7、screen屏，屏幕閱讀材料：EnginelubricationSystem

Theenginehasmanymovingparts。Thepurposeofthelubricationsystemistosupplylubricate，theoiltoallthemovingpartsoftheengine。Atthesametime，thesystemseparatestheirsurfaces，reducesfrictionandactsasacoolantanddetergent。Thelubricationsystemincludesthefollowingparts：theoilpan，oilpump，mainoilgalleries，oilfilters，oilpressurereliefvalves，oilcoolerandoilsensors。Thepurposeoftheoilpanistoholdtheexcessoilduringoperationandnon-runningconditions。Theoilpumpistodeliveringanadequatevolumeofoilaroundtheengineatasuitablepressure。Theoilpumpoperatesallthetimewhentheengineisrunning

。Oilfilterisusedtofilterandcleanthedirtparticlesgettingintotheoilwhentheengineruns。Apressureregulatorvalveisusedtokeepthepressurewithintheoilsystemataconstantmaximumvalve。Theoilcoolerhelpstokeeptheoilcool。Oilpressuresensorsareusedtoindicatetherightamountofpressureoftheoilsystem。

生詞短語注解：1、act擔(dān)任，充當(dāng)2、adequate適當(dāng)?shù)?，足夠?、condition情況，狀態(tài)4、constant不變的，持續(xù)的5、coolant冷卻液，散熱劑6、detergent清潔劑，去垢劑7、dirt污垢，塵土8、excess超過，超額9、friction摩擦，摩擦力10、indicate指示，顯示11、lubricant潤滑劑12、particle微粒13、reduce減少，降壓14、regulator分開的，分離的15、separate適當(dāng)?shù)?，相?yīng)的16、suitable供給，提供17、supply值，價(jià)值18、actas充當(dāng)，起……作用19、allthetime一直19、non-runningcondition

非運(yùn)行狀態(tài)2-6DieselEngineFuelSystem

柴油機(jī)燃油系統(tǒng)圖2-6A—in-linefuelinjectionpump直列式噴油泵B—distributorfuelinjectionpump分配式噴油泵1—fueltank燃油箱2—governor調(diào)速箱3—fuel-supplypump輸油泵4—fuelinjectionpump/injectionpump噴油泵multi-cylinderfuelinjectionpump凸輪式噴油泵4a—in–linefuelinjectionpump直列式噴油泵multi-cylinderfuelinjectionpump多缸噴油泵4b—distributorfuelinjectionpump分配式噴油泵5—injectiontimingdevice噴射正