2021年高考英語學業(yè)水平測試一輪復習閱讀理解第Ⅱ題專題三推理判斷類題目

.PAGE下載后可自行編輯修改，頁腳下載后可刪除。專題三推理判斷類題目[命題特點]根據(jù)文章內容，語篇邏輯關系，研究細節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意。(1)常用設題關鍵動詞：infer，imply，suggest，indicate，referto，predict，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等。(2)設題常用推理判斷的情態(tài)動詞：can，could，might，would，probably，mostlikely等。[考察重點]表層意思的理解與推理；深層含義的領悟與推理；同時涉及數(shù)據(jù)推斷，知識推斷，邏輯結論推斷，說明作者態(tài)度、觀點的推斷等。[方法技巧]抓住特定信息進展逆向或正向推斷；整合全文(段)信息進展推斷；根據(jù)上下文邏輯關系進展推理得出結論。1．忠實于原文。2．吃透文章的字面含義。3．對文章外表意義進展分析、綜合判斷。4．把握句際、段際關系。5．確定推斷的范圍和位置，細節(jié)還是整體推斷。Passage1I'vespentoverayearinIndia,andinthose365plusdays,I'velearnedalotaboutgettingaroundIndiancities.Mybiggestlessonshavebeenlearnedthroughbeingcheated,particularlybytaxiandrickshaw(人力車)drivers,butthatdoesn'tmeanthosearebadwaystotravel,aslongasyouknowwhatyou'redoing.BelowarethebestwaystogetaroundthecityofDelhi,India,andtipsforhowtokeepfrombeingthevictimofscams(欺詐)．TakingtaxisisagreatwaytogetaroundthecityofDelhiandchancesare,ifyouarriveinDelhibyplane,assoonasyoumakeitthroughcustoms,you'llbeswarmedbyIndiantaxidrivers.AttheDelhiairport,besuretoarrangeforataxitoyourhotelatoneofthetwoDelhiTrafficPoliceTaxiBooths.Oneisinsidetheairport,andtheotherisoutside.Thekeyistomakesuretogotoaboothrunbythepolice,ratherthanbyindependenttaxidrivers.RickshawsareoneofmyfavouritewaystogetaroundIndiancities,inpartbecauseit'showthelocalsoftentravel.Auto－rickshawsaremorecommon,butbicyclerickshawsarestillusedinOldDelhi.Ifyoudohaveachancetotakeabicyclerickshaw,youshoulddoitatleastonceforauniqueexperiencethatshouldonlysetyoubackabout15rupees.Auto－rickshawratesaroundDelhirangebetween30and80rupees,dependingonthedistance.IfyoureallywanttotravelaroundDelhilikethelocals,takeapublicbus.Indianbusesbecomeverycrowdedandmostdonothaveairconditioning.Theyare,however,verycheap.Abustripwon'tsetyoubackanymorethan15rupees,aslongasyoustaywithinthecitylimits.SinceIndianbusesgetsocrowded,trytoboardthebusatthestartoftheroutesoyoucangetaseat.ThetrainisagreatwaytogetaroundwithinthecityofDelhi.Faresarereasonable,between6and22rupees.AlldepartureannouncementsareinbothHindiandEnglish,andtokenscanbepurchasedforbetween6and22rupees.【語篇解讀】本文作者就自己在印度德里旅行時的交通方面提出了幾點建議。1．Theauthoristryingto________inDelhithroughthistext.A．givesomeadviceoftravellingB．expectustotravelaroundC．showhis/herexperiencesD．explainthedifficultiesoftravelling解析：通讀全文，我們可以看出，作者在本文中給讀者提出了一些建議，告訴讀者在德里旅行時應注意的一些問題。因此，本文的寫作目的也就是要給讀者提出建議。答案：A2．Toavoidbeingcheated,yououghtto________ifyouwanttotakeataxiattheDelhiairport.A．paymoretothedriverstokeepsafeB．showyourtickettothedriverC．gotoapolice－runboothD．gooutoftheairport解析：根據(jù)第二段的最后一句可知，在機場搭乘出租車時，應到警察經營的攤位。答案：C3．Theauthorsuggeststakingarickshawinorderto________．A．savesomemoneyB．enjoythecomfortabletripC．gainauniqueexperienceD．helpthelocalrickshawdrivers解析：根據(jù)第三段的第三句可知，作者建議乘坐人力車以獲得一種獨特的體驗。答案：C4．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Youwon'thavetopaymuchifyoutravelaroundbybusinIndia.B．Itwillbedifficultforyoutogetaseatifyougetonthebushalfway.C．Arickshawdriveronlychargeswhateveramountyougivehim.D．You'llhavetospeakEnglishifyoutravelaroundinIndia.解析：根據(jù)第四段的最后一句可知，為了上車后能有一個座位，作者建議最好從起點站上車。這就意味著如果中途上車的話，就很難有座位了。答案：B5．Whichmaybethetopicthatfollows?A．HotelrecommendationsinDelhiB．WeatherconditionsinDelhiC．FoodanddrinkinDelhiD．CarrentalsinDelhi解析：由本文第一段的最后一句可知，本文主要介紹了關于在德里交通方面防止受騙的幾點建議。在給出的幾個選項當中，只有D項與交通有關。據(jù)此，我們可以確定后面最有可能要討論的是汽車租賃業(yè)務。答案：DPassage2AfellowspeakerfromCalifornianamedGeriflewtoJapan,inherfavouritejeansandacasualjacket,togiveherfirstspeech.Fourteenhourslater,fourperfectlydressedJapanesegentlemengreetedheratNaritaAirport.Smilingandbowinglow,theyhandedhertheirbusinesscards.Withherbaginonehand,Geritooktheircardswiththeother.Shethankedthem,glancedbrieflyatthecards,andputthemintoherjeanspocketquickly.Whenthefiveofthemarrivedatthehotel,theyinvitedGeritoteainthelobby(大廳).Whilesippingtea,thegentlemenpresentedherwithasmallgiftwhichsheeagerlyopened.Shewasthrilledwiththegiftandshoutedexcitedly,“Oh,it'sbeautiful！〞Atthispoint,thefourJapanesegentlemenstoodupand,bowingonlyveryslightly,said“Sayonara〞andleftimmediately.PoorGeriwasleftastonished.Whatdidshedowrong?Everything!Herjeanswerethefirstgaffe.Evenifyou'recomingoffabicycleinJapan,youdonotmeetclients(客人)casuallydressed.ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.InJapan,thebusinesscardisoneofthemostimportantcommunicativetools.Itisalwayspresentedandacceptedrespectfullywithbothhands.However,Geriputtheircardsawaymuchtooquickly.InJapan,peopleusebusinesscardsasaconversationstarter.Youchatabouteachother'scardsandworkanddonotputtheirsawayuntiltheygentlyandrespectfullyplaceyoursinsafekeeping.Puttingitcarelesslyintoherjeanspocketwastheultimatedisrespect.Then,thefourthhorrorofhorrorswasthatGerishouldnothaveopenedthegiftinfrontofherclients.Inalandwheresavingfaceiscritical,itwouldbeembarrassingtodiscoverthegifttheygavewasnotasniceastheonetheyreceived.Whatisworse,Gerihadn'tevengiventhemagift!【語篇解讀】本文介紹了Geri在與日本人交往中所犯的幾個禮儀上的錯誤。1．InthefourJapanesegentlemen'seyes,Geritooktheircards________．A．excitedly B．embarrassinglyC．politely D．disrespectfully解析：由文章第一段“...glancedbrieflyatthecards,andputthemintoherjeanspocketquickly.〞和第四段的“ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.〞可知答案。答案：D2．WhydidthefourJapanesegentlemenleaveGerisuddenly?A．Becausetheycouldn'tbearGeri'sbehaviouranylonger.B．Becausetheyhadfinishedthetask.C．BecauseGerihadsomethingmoreimportanttodo.D．BecauseGerifeltembarrassed.解析：由第五段“Then,thefourthhorrorofhorrorswasthatGerishouldnothaveopenedthegiftinfrontofherclients.Inalandwheresavingfaceiscritical,itwouldbeembarrassingtodiscoverthegifttheygavewasnotasniceastheonetheyreceived.〞可推知答案。答案：A3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gaffe〞inParagraph4probablymean?A．Ignorance. B．Sadness.C．Mistake. D．Carelessness.解析：由第三段“Whatdidshedowrong？〞和第四段的“ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.〞可推知答案。答案：C4．ThethirdmistakeGerimadewasthatshe________．A．usedherowncardasaconversationstarterB．tookherclients'cardswithonehandC．keptherclients'cardsinawrongplaceD．metherclientsinjeans解析：由第四段“ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.〞和“Puttingitcarelesslyintoherjeanspocketwastheultimatedisrespect.〞可推知答案。答案：C5．Whatlessoncanwedrawfromthisstory?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.B．Thinktwicebeforeyoutakeanyaction.C．WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.D．Don'tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow.解析：縱觀全文可得出答案。答案：CPassage3BigBrothersBigSistersisbasedonthesimplicityandpoweroffriendship.Itisaprogrammewhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerable_young_people(ages7～17)withavolunteeradultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.Volunteertutorscomefromallwalksoflife—married,single，withorwithoutchildren.BigBrothersandBigSistersarenotreplacementparentsorsocialworkers.Theyaretutors:someonetotrust,tohavefunwith,totalkandgotowhenneeded.ABigSisterandLittleSisterwillgenerallyspendbetweenoneandfourhourstogetherthreeorfourtimeseachmonthforatleasttwelvemonths.Theyenjoysimpleactivitiessuchasapicnicatapark，cooking，playingsportorgoingtoafootballmatch.Theseactivitiesimprovethefriendshipandhelptheyoungpersondeveloppositiveself－respect，confidenceandlifedirection.BigBrothersBigSistersorganizationsexistthroughouttheworld.Itisthelargestandmostwell－knownprovideroftutorservicesinternationallyandhasbeenoperatingfor25years.EmilyandSarahhavebeenmatchedsinceMarch2021.Emilyisa10－year－oldgirlwhohasexperiencedsomedifficultiesbeingacceptedbyherschoolmatesatschool.“Iwasprettysuretherewassomethingwrongwithme.〞Emily'smumcameacrossBigBrothersBigSistersandthoughtitwouldbeofbenefittoEmilyby“providingdifferentfeedback(反應)aboutherselfotherthanjustrelyingonschoolmatestomeasureherself－worth〞．Sarahwantedtogetinvolvedinavolunteerprogramme.“Igoogleditandfoundouthowtobeapartofit.Ithoughtitwouldbefunformetogetinvolvedinmakingtimetodosomethingbecausesometimesit'sallworkandnoplay.〞BigBrothersBigSistershasbeenofgreatbenefitandenjoymenttobothEmilyandSarah.TheyloveandlookforwardtotheirtimetogetherandthepartnershiphascertainlyhelpedEmilybemorecomfortableinbeingthewonderful,happyanduniquegirlsheis!【語篇解讀】文章主要講述了BigBrothersBigSisters這樣一個工程，該工程為情感上容易受挫折的孩子提供了幫助。1．WhatistheaimofBigBrothersBigSisters?A．Toofferstudentspublicservices.B．Tohelpstudentsimprovetheirgrades.C．Toorganizesportactivitiesforyoungpeople.D．Toprovidepartnershipandfunforyoungpeople.解析：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Itisaprogrammewhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerableyoungpeople...〞可知，這個工程是“通過讓成人陪伴一些內心比擬脆弱的孩子，從而來提供友誼和樂趣〞。A選項是說為學生提供公共效勞；B選項是說幫助學生提高分數(shù)；C選項是說為年輕人組織體育活動；D選項是說給年輕人提供友情和樂趣。所以選D。答案：D2．Avolunteerisusuallyexpectedtoworkwithinayearforatleast________．A．24hours B．36hoursC．48hours D．72hours解析：根據(jù)文章第三段第一句可知，志愿者要每年至少參加12個月，每個月三到四次，每次花一到四個小時。由此可以得出，志愿者一年之內最少要工作12×3×1＝36小時。答案：B3．AccordingtoEmily'smother，thisprogrammemayprovideEmilywith________．A．advicefromherteachersB．anewwaytoassessherselfC．anewwaytojudgeherschoolmatesD．morecommentsfromherschoolmates解析：根據(jù)文章第六段第一句“...by‘providingdifferentfeedback(反應)aboutherselfotherthanjust...’〞可知，這個工程可以向Emily的媽媽提供一些關于她孩子不同的反應，而不是僅僅只依賴同學的評價來評估Emily的自我價值。答案：B4．WhydidSarahwanttogetinvolvedintheprogramme?A．Sheusedtobeavolunteer.B．Sheneededapart－timejob.C．Shefeltabitboredwithherlife.D．Shewantedtogetachallengingjob.解析：根據(jù)文章第七段最后一句“...becausesometimesit'sallworkandnoplay.〞可知Sarah想要通過參加這個工程來找些事兒做，因為有時候生活充滿了工作而沒有放松。A選項“曾經是一個志愿者〞；B選項“她需要一份兼職工作〞；C選項“她感覺生活有點兒無趣〞；D選項“她想要獲得一份有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作〞。所以選C。答案：C5．Accordingtothepassage，“vulnerableyoungpeople〞areprobablythosewhoare________．A．popularatschoolB．ratherweakphysicallyC．easilyhurtemotionallyD．confidentinthemselves解析：由文章的第一段可知這個工程可以為這些孩子提供玩伴和樂趣。再由文章的第三段可以得知，這個工程可以為孩子們提高自尊、自信和找準生活方向。再由文章的第五段可以得知，Emily在學校很難被同學承受。綜上分析，可以得出，vulnerableyoungpeople是指“情感上容易受傷害的人〞。答案：CPassage4TheforcesthatmakeJapanoneoftheworld'smostearthquake－prone(有地震傾向的)countriescouldbecomepartofitslong－termenergysolution.WaterfromdeepbelowthegroundatJapan'stensofthousandsofhotspringscouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.AlthoughJapanesehigh－techcompaniesareleadersingeothermal(地熱的)technologyandexportit,itsuseislimitedinthenation.“Japanshouldnodoubtmakeuseofitsresourcesofgeothermalenergy，〞saidYoshiyasuTakefuji,aleadingresearcherofthermal－electricpowerproduction.ThedisastrousearthquakeandtsunamionMarch11th,2021causedareactionagainstatomicpower,whichpreviouslymadeup30percentofJapan'senergyneeds,andincreasedinterestinalternativeenergies,whichaccountforonly8percent.ArtistYokoOnohascalledonJapantoexploreitsnaturalenergy,followingtheexampleofIcelandwhichusesrenewableenergyformorethan80percentofitsneeds.Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.Thebiggestproblemtogeothermalenergyisthehighinitialcostoftheexplorationandconstructingthefactories.AnotherproblemisthatJapan'spotentiallybestsitesarealreadybeingdevelopedfortourismorarelocatedwithinnationalparkswhereconstructionisforbidden.“Wecan'tevendig10cminsidenationalparks，〞saidShigetoYamadaofFujiElectric,addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid,“Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecades－longproject.Wealsohavetothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm.〞TheEarthPolicyInstituteinWashington,theUS,believedJapancouldproduce80，000megawatts(兆瓦)andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology.JapanesegiantssuchasToshibaarealreadygloballeadersingeothermaltechnology,witha70percentmarketshare.In2021,FujiElectricbuilttheworld'slargestgeothermalfactoryinNewZealand.【語篇解讀】文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開發(fā)地熱能，因為日本是地震多發(fā)國家，國內地熱能非常豐富，所以地熱能將是日本的新型替代能源。1．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AlternativeenergiesinJapanB．Theworld'slargestgeothermalplantC．JapantakestheleadingeothermaltechnologyD．Japanthinksofgeothermalenergy解析：文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開發(fā)地熱能，所以是圍繞地熱能的話題展開。應選D項。答案：D2．WhatpercentageofJapan'senergyneedsisgeothermalenergy?A．About8%. B．Below1%.C．Around30%. D．Over80%.解析：從第六段“Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.〞可知，日本地熱能供應不到1%，其主要依賴于化石燃料和原子能。應選B項。答案：B3．AccordingtoShigetoYamada，thegrowthofgeothermalpowerinJapanneeds________．A．achangeofrules B．financialsupportC．localpeople'shelp D．hightechnology解析：從倒數(shù)第四段“...addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.〞可知，要開發(fā)地熱能，需要將現(xiàn)行的規(guī)章制度進展改變，應選A項。答案：A4．Geothermalenergyisconsideredasalong－termprogrammeby________．A．YoshiyasuTakefuji B．HideakiMatsuiC．ShigetoYamada D．YokoOno解析：由第九段“Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecades－longproject.〞可知，HideakiMatsui認為地熱能是個長期的工程，應選B項。答案：B5．Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________．A．theworld'sbiggestgeothermalplantwasbuiltbyAmericaB．JapanwillnotexportitsgeothermaltechnologyC．thepotentialofJapan'sgeothermalenergyisgreatD．itishardtofindgeothermalenergyinJapan解析：由最后兩段“...believedJapancouldproduce80，000megawatts(兆瓦)andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology...〞可知，日本在地熱能方面有著巨大的潛力，應選C項。答案：CPassage5Ablindbabyisdoublyhandicapped.Notonlyisitunabletosee,butbecauseitcannotreceivethevisualstimulus(刺激)fromitsenvironmentthatasightedchilddoes,itislikelytobeslowinintellectualdevelopment.Nowtheten－month－oldsonofDrandMrsDennisDaughtersisthesubjectofanunusualpsychologicalexperimentdesignedtopreventalag(滯后)inthelearningprocess.Withtheaidofasonar－typeelectronicthathewearsonhishead,infant(嬰兒)Dennisislearningtoidentifythepeopleandobjectsintheworldaroundhimbymeansofechoes(回聲)．Thedeviceisanimprovementofthe“Sonicguide〞，aninstrumentproducedbyTelesensorySystems,Inc.,ofPaloAlto,Calif,andusedbyblindadultsinadditiontoasaneorguidedog.AsadaptedforDennis,itconsistsofabattery－poweredsystemaboutthesizeofahalfdollarthatisonaheadgear.Atransmittersendsoutanultrasonic(超聲的)pulsethatcreatesan80degreeconeofsoundat6feet.Echoesfromobjectswithintheconeareperceived(felt)assoundsthatvaryinpitch(音調)andvolume(音量)withthesizeanddistanceoftheobject.Thecloseranobjectis,thelowerthepitch,andthelargertheobject,thelouderthesignal.Hardsurfacesproduceasharpping,whilesoftonessendbacksignalswithaslightlyfuzzyquality.AnobjectslightlytotherightofDennis'sendsbackaloudersoundtohisrightearthantotheleft.Thus,bysimplymovinghisheadrightandleftandupanddown,hecannotonlylocateanobjectbutalsogetsomenotionofitsshapeandsize,thankstothevaryingqualitiesofsoundsreachinghisearsastheconeofultrasound(超聲波)passesits_edge.Dennislikestousethedevicetoplayakindofpeek－a－boowithhismother.Standingonhiskneeandfacingherdirectly,hereceivesastrongsignalinbothears.Byturninghisheadaway,hemakesherseemtodisappear.“Fromthefirsttimeheworeit，〞saysMrsDaughters,“itwaslikealightgoingoninhishead.〞WhatremainstobedeterminedishowwellthedevicewillhelpDenniscopewithhissurroundingsashebeginstowalkandventurefurtherintohisenvironment.Meanwhile,Telesensorysystems,Inc.,isworkingonthedevelopmentofsonar(聲吶)devicewithsomewhatthesamesensitivityasDennis'forusebyschool－agechildren.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了一項針對盲童的學習過程的研究。1．DrandMrsDau