大學(xué)英語精讀第三版第二冊(cè)u(píng)nit6

Unit6

Themaking

ofasurgeonPre-readingText-learning

After-readingExercises1Pre-reading1.Adoctor’slife2.Asuccessfulsurgeon3.Howtobecomeadoctor4.Threetypesofdoctors21.Whatdoyouthinkofadoctor’slife?Itisbusy,stable,cleanexhausting,well-paid,respectable,responsible,etc.2.Whatmakesasuccessfulsurgeon?MedicalKnowledge,senseofduty,self-confidence,richexperience,etc.Beforereading3

3.DoyouknowhowmanystepstobecomearealdoctorinAmerica?

1)toattend4yearsofcollegetoobtain abachelor’sdegree 2)followedby4yearsofmedicalschool 3)aninterninahospital 4)aresidentatahospital 5)selectedtobe achiefresident4

4.ThreeTypesofDoctorsGeneralPractitionersSpecialistsResearchers

back5Text-learning1.Firstreading3.Languagepoints2.FurtherUnderstandingQuestionsandAnswersForPartIForPartIIQuestionsandAnswersForPartIIIMultipleChoice6Firstreading:5-10minutestoexaminethetitleandgooverthetextasfastestasyoucanandthendoexerciseIIComprehensionoftheText.7Whenhecansaytohimself,“ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcannottreatcompetently,treatjustaswellasorbetterthananyothersurgeon”—then,andnotuntilthenisheindeedasurgeon.QuestionsandAnswersHowdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya“surgeon”?1.WhatquestiondidDr.Nolenaskhimselfastheyearofhischiefresidencycametoanend?Hisanswerwasself-confidence.2.Whatwashisanswer?3.Whencanadoctorsaytohimselfthatheisindeedasurgeon?Directions:Gothroughthefirsttwoparagraphsandanswerthefollowingquestions.8MultipleChoices1.Whenhefirstbecamearesident,Dr.Nolenhadtroublegoingtosleepbecause____________.A)hewasnotconfidentthathehadmadearightdecisionB)hewasnervousaboutwhatwouldhappentootherdoctorsC)hewaswaitingfortheemergencycallD)hewasreviewingallthefactsofacertaincaseKEY2.Inthelastmonthofhisresidency,sleepingwasnolongeraproblembecause___________.A)hehasgotusedtotheemergencycallsB)hehaslearnedtomakenomistakesC)hehasgainedconfidenceinhimselfD)hewassurethatthedecisionshehadmadewereallsoundonesKEY93.Whatcanyouinferfromthesentence“Ihadsweatedthroughmyshareofstabwoundsofthebelly,ofpuncturedlungs,ofcompoundfractures”?A)Theauthorhasdoneallkindsofsurgicaloperations.B)Theauthorwasverybusyeveryday.C)Theauthorwasnervousindealingwiththeseoperations.D)Theauthorfoundhisworkveryexciting.KEY4.Nowtheauthorhaslearnedto__________.A)takethesoleresponsibilityforthemistakeinjudgmentB)avoidmakingmistakesinjudgmentC)anticipatetheprobleminadvanceD)takeiteasywhenhehasmadeamistakeKEY5.AccordingtoDr.Nolenasurgeonneedsconceitto____________.A)answertheemergencycallsB)bringhimthroughtimesofdoubtanduncertaintyC)performadifficultoperationD)livewithhismistakesinjudgmentKEY10QuestionsandAnswersWhatdoestheauthorwanttoemphasizeinthelastpart?Conceitencouragesadoctorintryingmoments.11making:n.只有艱苦的工作才能造就他。1)theprocessofbeingmadeorcomingintobeing2)thequalitiesneededHehasthemakingsofadoctor.Hardworkwillbethemakingofhim.Einsteinhadinhimthemakingsofagreatscientist.Languagepoints12Collocation:

makebelieve假裝；假扮makefor匆匆走向；撲向makeout寫出；辨認(rèn)出；理解makeup補(bǔ)充；捏造，編造；組成makeupfor補(bǔ)償；彌補(bǔ)13Keysentences1.在我任住院主任醫(yī)師的那一年快要結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我不止一次地問過自己這個(gè)問題。14conclude:

vt.1)cometobelieveafterconsiderationofknownfactsThejuryconcludedthatthemanwasnotguilty.醫(yī)生們經(jīng)過討論，認(rèn)為病人太虛弱，不宜手術(shù)。Doctorsconcludedafterthediscussionthatthepatientwastooweaktobeoperatedon.2)

comeorbringtoanendHeconcludedhisspeechbysaying“thankyou”.我們8點(diǎn)結(jié)束了會(huì)議。

Weconcludedthemeetingat8o’clock.15Conclude的名詞形式是conclusion。conclusion常與下面的動(dòng)詞、介詞搭配，如：arriveatconclusioncometoaconclusion得出結(jié)論drawaconclusionreachaconclusioninconclusion綜上所述，總之jumptoaconclusion輕率地下結(jié)論16encounter:vt.meetunexpectedly,befacedwith(somethingbad,especiallyadangerordifficulty)Iencounteredanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.他們?cè)诼眯兄杏龅皆S多困難。Theyencounteredmanydifficultiesduringtheirtrip.17CF:encounter&meet這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“碰到、遇到”的意思。encounter注重強(qiáng)調(diào)一種偶然和意外，還強(qiáng)調(diào)遭遇之意。meet是常用詞，不如encounter正式。1.Manymenwerelostintheforestwhenthey____________alion.2.Itwassokindofyoutocomeallthewayto________us.3.They____________theenemyinborderclashes.(沖突)

encounteredmeetencountered18resolve:vt.1)解決兩國(guó)的糾紛已經(jīng)和平解決了。Thedisputebetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenresolvedpeacefully.2)decideordetermine他決心要成功。Heresolvedtosucceed.19CF:resolve&solve這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均含“解決”之意。resolve

主要指對(duì)問題或情況進(jìn)行細(xì)微的分析或思索，以得出結(jié)論或找到解決途徑。例如：TheCabinetmettoresolvethecrisis.內(nèi)閣開會(huì)以解決危機(jī)。solve普通用詞，含義廣，指為有一定難度的問題找到滿意的答復(fù)。例如：那位教師教他的學(xué)生解數(shù)學(xué)方程式。Theteacherteacheshisstudentstosolveamathematicalequation.20handle:vt.dealwith;treatormanage一位稱職的老師應(yīng)該知道如何管理學(xué)生。Aqualifiedteachershouldknowhowtohandlestudentsinclass.我們倆都會(huì)騎自行車了。Webothcanhandleourbicycles.21CF:handle,manage,dealwith&copewith這些動(dòng)詞或短語都含有“處理，對(duì)付”之意。handle

從原義“手柄”，引申作“處理”解 時(shí)，意思是管理和操縱。manage 指處理日常事務(wù)與工作， 也可指經(jīng)營(yíng)管理。dealwith

既可指處理具體事情,也可指 處理或解決具有抽象意義的問題。

copewith

指成功地處理或?qū)Ω陡鼮橹卮螅? 更為嚴(yán)重的問題或事物。22CF:handle,manage,dealwith&copewith這些動(dòng)詞或短語都含有“處理，對(duì)付”之意。I'msorryI'mlate.Ihadanurgentcallto__________.2)Kerryhasbeenaskedto________anewdepartment.3)Localauthoritieshaveto________theproblemsofhomelessness.4)Thepolice________thetrafficveryefficiently.

dealwithmanagecopewithhandle23anticipate:vt.seebeforehandDon’tanticipateyourincomebeforeyoufinishthejob.他期待著一個(gè)美麗的夜晚。Heanticipatesabeautifulevening.NB:anticipate后面不可加不定式，可跟動(dòng)名詞和名詞。例如：你預(yù)料會(huì)有麻煩嗎?Doyouanticipatemeetinganytrouble?24bother

vt.trouble,(causeto)beworried煩惱，擔(dān)心

---IknewIoughttocleanthecarbutIjustcouldn’tbebothered.---Don’tbotherwiththewashing-up;leaveittome.

n.trouble;somethingthatgivestrouble煩惱；麻煩的事或人

---Wefoundtheaddresswithoutanybother.---Sorrytobesuchabother,butcouldyoushowmehowthemachineworks?25#bother,disturb,trouble&annoy

這些動(dòng)詞均有“使人不安或煩惱”之意。bother指使人煩惱，引起的緊張不安或感到不耐煩。例如：I'msorrytobotheryou,butcouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?對(duì)不起打擾一下,請(qǐng)問去車站怎么走?disturb較正式用詞，多用被動(dòng)態(tài)。指擾亂，使人不能平靜或妨礙別人工作、思維或正常秩序，是程度較深的煩惱。例如：Beforeclosingthedoortohisoffice,hetoldhissecretarythathewasnottobedisturbed.在關(guān)上辦公室門前，他告訴秘書不要打擾他。26trouble指給人在行動(dòng)上帶來不便或在身心上造成痛苦。例如：Shesuffersmemorylapsesthattroubleherchildren.她患上記憶力衰退癥，這讓她的孩子很憂慮。annoy 強(qiáng)調(diào)因被迫忍受令人不快、討厭的事而失去平靜或耐心，多指一時(shí)的打擾或惱怒。例如：Thesoundoffootstepsonthebarefloorannoyedthedownstairsneighbors.樓上地板傳來的腳步聲吵得樓下住戶心煩。27treat,cure&heal都有“治療，診治”的意思。treat

vt.指為某人診斷治療，強(qiáng)調(diào)治療過程，不強(qiáng)調(diào)治療結(jié)果。cure指治愈，治好，使病人恢復(fù)健康。heal尤指?jìng)谌?，治愈?.Whichdoctoris________herforherillness?2.Doctor_______himofhisdisease.3.Thewoundisnot_______yet.4.Itissaidthatrestinbedmay_______acold.cure5.Iwilltakethreemonthsforthebrokenboneto_______up.treatingcuredhealedcureheal28inevitably(inevitable+ly)

ad.certainly,surely必然地

---Itsworkflowisirregular;inevitably,thefactoryhaslowefficiency.---Inevitably,thepeopleatthemeetingwouldcomeoutwiththeirownideas.relax

vt&vi.(causeto)feelcalmer,lesstiredorworried,orcomfortable;calmdown;holdlesstight(使)松弛，放松

---Trainedstaffwilllookafteryourchildren,sothatyoucanrelaxandenjoyyourself.---Relax!I’mpositivethatthekidswillbebackanyminute.29conceited

(conceit+ed)

a.tooproud,tooconfident驕傲自滿的，自負(fù)的

---He’sthemostconceitedandselfishpersonI’veevermet.---Iknowthissoundsconceited,butIthinkmyphotosarereallygood.sound

a.notwrong,sensible;ingoodcondition,healthy合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)?；完好的，健全?/p>

---Adammeteveryobjectionwithsoundarguments.---Iacceptedthedoctor’ssoundadviceonmyhealth.30critical

a.1)(timeorsituation)extremelyimportant決定性的，關(guān)鍵性的---Findingoutthecauseofthefloodisofcriticalimportance.

2)veryseriousanddangerous危急的

---Heisnowincriticalconditionandneedstobeoperatedonimmediately.

3)findingfault批評(píng)的

---Patisalwayscriticalofherson’sbehaviorinpublic.31Translation:E-C2就以我們幾乎每晚都會(huì)碰到的急診情況為例吧。323不止一次，在我躺了一個(gè)小時(shí)還睡不著之后，我會(huì)在凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)鐘從床上跳起來，穿好衣服，駕車去醫(yī)院親自探視病人。唯有這樣我才能找到安心休息所需要的內(nèi)心平靜。4我一旦經(jīng)過深思熟慮作出某個(gè)決定，就不再去多想它了。335當(dāng)我切開病人的腹部或胸腔時(shí)，我不再緊張得瑟瑟發(fā)抖了。6甚至一年前----如果我不得不為一次判斷上的失誤負(fù)全責(zé)的話，我是沒法容忍自己的。347我之所以能夠平靜的接受這一事實(shí)，是因?yàn)槲抑溃簾徇^我不能避免出差錯(cuò)，那末換了任何別的外科醫(yī)生很可能也不能避免。8你管這叫自負(fù)也好，叫自信也罷；不管你叫它什么，反正我是有了。35Keyexpressions:drawtoaclosecometoanend,end結(jié)束

---As1998drawstoaclose,let’slookatsomeofthemajoreventsoftheyear.---Afterthefinalexamination,thetermdrewtoitsclose.36livewithacceptandendure(sth.unpleasant)接受，忍受

---Youmustlearntolivewiththesituationsinceyou’velostyourjob.---Themanagementhadtolivewiththebadconsequencesoftheirunwisedecision.我不能忍受噪音了。Ican’tlivewiththenoise.37livefor

為…而生活livehigh

過奢侈生活liveupto

遵守（諾言）；不辜負(fù)（期望）livewithoneself

保持自尊心38dwellon/uponthink,speakorwriteaboutsth.agreatdeal老是想著；詳述，長(zhǎng)談

---Shecouldn’thelpdwellingonmemoriesofhermother.---Hedweltuponthedifficultieswemightencounterinourresearch.39beboundtodobecertaintodo;havethedutytodo一定；有義務(wù)做

---Hisnewrecordisverygood;itisboundtobeahit(走紅).

---Heisrunningsofastthathe’sboundtowintherace.40inpractice1)(doctor,lawyer)atwork

(醫(yī)生，律師)行醫(yī)，開業(yè)

---IsDoctorJonesstillinpracticehere?

---Myelderbrotherisinpracticeasalawyer.

2)actually實(shí)際上

---Inpractice,parentshaveagreatinfluenceontheirchildren.

---Inpractice,themedicineisoflittleusetohisdisease.41inparticularespecially尤其是，特別是

---WeenjoyedvisitingBritainandthoughtthatScotlandinparticularwasverybeautiful.

---Isthereanythinginparticularthatyouwanttotalkabout?42butterfliesinthestomach

verynervous非常緊張

---Healwaysgetsbutterfliesinthestomachbeforeanexam.---WheneverIhavetomakeaspeechIgetbutterfliesinmystomach.43openup1)cutopen;open給……開刀；打開

---Weshallopenyouupandremovethediseasedbone.---ThechildrenwereallowedtoopenuptheirChristmaspresentsafterbreakfast.2)makepossible,start開放，開發(fā)，開始

---AmovetoBeijingwouldopenuptoyouallsortsofinterestingpossibilities.

---Anewlifewasopeningupbeforeheraftershecametocollege.44inadvancebeforehand,aheadoftime提前

---Sandwichisakindoffoodyoucaneasilyprepareinadvance.---Iwishyou’dtoldmeinadvancethatourflightwouldbeputoff.45sitonneglecttodealwith,delaytakingaction擱置，延遲，積壓

---Forweekstheydidnothingaboutmycase:theyjustsatonit.---Theydecidedtositonthebadnewsaslongaspossible.我們不應(yīng)忽視那些急需我們幫助的人。Weshouldn’tsitonthosepeoplewhoneedourhelpurgently.Isentmycomplaintstothestoremanagerjustintime,buthehadsitonitforalongtime.46Collocation:sitdown 坐下sitfor 參加situp 熬夜sitin 靜坐示威sitinon 列席，旁聽47After-reading1.UsefulExpressions2.Wordmatching3.Summarywriting4.Talkaboutthepictures5.Proverbsandquotations481.及時(shí)2.自信心3.即將結(jié)束4.不止一次…5.做決定6.在某一特定的情況下7.不妥當(dāng)?shù)臎Q定8.尋找內(nèi)心的平靜intimeself-confidencedrawtoacloseonmorethanoneoccasionmakeadecisioninaparticularsituationapoordecisionfindthepeaceofmindUsefulExpressions

499.深思熟慮的決定10.手術(shù)室11.經(jīng)常遇到的問題12.開業(yè)13.提前14.容忍15.說不定何時(shí)16.承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任aconsidereddecisiontheoperatingroomaconstantproblembeinpracticeinadvanceatonetimeoranothertakesoleresponsibilityforlivewith5017.判斷上的失誤18.考驗(yàn)人的時(shí)刻19.為某人做手術(shù)20.生活中的一部分amistakeinjudgmenttryingmomentsoperateonsomeonebepartofone’slife51WordMatchingfearmeetrestsolvecorrectseebeforehandmanageunavoidabledreadencounterrelaxresolvesoundanticipatehandleinevitable52onlyannoy,troubledifficulttoleratecometoanendaheadoftimemakemistakesofsurgerysolebothertryinglivewithdrawtoacloseinadvanceerrsurgicalescapeavoid53SummaryWritingDr.Nolenbelievesthat(自信是外科醫(yī)生成功的關(guān)鍵).Whenyoucansaytoyourself(我完全有能力治療所有的外科病人)“,”then，andnotuntilthen,youareindeedasurgeon.Inthefirstfewmonthsoftheyear,hedreaded(聽到急診電話的鈴聲).Heoftenwonderedthathehadmadeapoordecision.Nowheisconfidentbothinmakingdecisionsandintheoperatingroomforheissurethat(以他的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他可以應(yīng)付遇到的所有的病例)

Moreover,heisnotafraidofmakingmistakes.Hehaslearnedto(承擔(dān)判斷上失誤的全部責(zé)任),becausemistakesarepartofasurgeon’slife.Hehasgotconceitto(幫他度過難熬的時(shí)刻)self-confidenceisthekeytothemakingofasurgeon______________________________________________self-confidenceisthekeytothemakingofasurgeon______________________________________________ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcan’ttreatcompetently___________________________________________theringingoftheemergencycalls___________________________hehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetohandleanysurgicalsituationhe’dencounter___________________________________________________________________________.takesoleresponsibilityforamistakeinjudgment_____________________________________________encouragehimintryingmoments___________________________.54TalkingAboutthePicturesSelf-confidenceistheMakingofaSurgeon.Inthepast…Now…

Mistakes!No!

Theyarepartofasurgeon’slife…55ProverbsandQuotations1.Thesecretofsuccessisconstancytopurpose.成功的秘訣是目標(biāo)堅(jiān)定。2.Hardandhonestworkisthesurestwaytosuccess.艱辛而誠(chéng)實(shí)的工作是可靠的成功之路。每個(gè)成功者的身后，都有許多不成功的歲月。3.Behindeverysuccessfulmantherearealotofunsuccessfulyears.561.Vocabularyactivities2.Enrichingyourwordpower4.Structure5.Cloze6.Translation3.Usage

Exercises57Vocabularyactivities1.livewithresolveencountersoledrawingtoacloseanticipateddweltonsatonhadbutterfliesinhisstomachconceited582.1)openup2)relaxed3)emergency4)concluded5)livewith6)atonetimeoranother597)particular8)surgery9)wassweating10)competently11)inadvance12)inpractice60Enrichingyourwordpowerabsencesilencedistancepresenceconstancyefficiencyconfidence61competenceimportanceemergencyindependencepatiencefrequencypermanenceevidence621.effi