卓越英語(yǔ)綜合教程-第2冊(cè)-book2unit

Unit7Listening能夠聽(tīng)懂有關(guān)旅游觀光的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)。Speaking學(xué)會(huì)與旅游觀光相關(guān)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，能夠進(jìn)行相關(guān)話(huà)題的日常對(duì)話(huà)。ReadingIntensiveReading：本文講述了偏振光對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的危害。通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本文，要使學(xué)生了解更多的環(huán)境污染的種類(lèi)及危害，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生樹(shù)立正確的環(huán)保意識(shí)。

ExtensiveReading：本文介紹了全球變暖給蜘蛛帶來(lái)的變化，分析了這種變化產(chǎn)生的原因。教學(xué)過(guò)程中，可使學(xué)生查找全球變暖的相關(guān)資料，了解全球變暖的主要原因及危害。

AppliedReading：本文是一篇書(shū)評(píng)。通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本文，要求學(xué)生了解書(shū)評(píng)的概念、分類(lèi)、框架結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。BasicWriting了解邀請(qǐng)函及回函的作用、分類(lèi)，掌握其基本寫(xiě)法和常用的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)。LanguageGuideGrammarFocus：掌握therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。WordBuilding：掌握常見(jiàn)的表示國(guó)籍、語(yǔ)種、數(shù)量、方位的形容詞后綴。

Objectives4SectionAListening1235SectionBSpeakingSectionCReadingSectionDPracticalWritingSectionELanguageGuideHighlightsSectionAListeningTopicIntroductionWarm-upActivitiesPronunciationGuideSentencesDialoguesPassage

假日里，沒(méi)有什么比去旅行更讓人激動(dòng)的了。想好了要去的景點(diǎn)(scenicspot)，選擇好出行路線(xiàn)(tourroute)，就可以去旅行社(travelagency)加入旅行團(tuán)(tourgroup)了；如果有車(chē)的話(huà)你還可以設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)自駕游(self-drivetour)。在旅游旺季(peakseason)出行，最好提前訂好酒店。準(zhǔn)備完畢，背上行囊，現(xiàn)在就出發(fā)！別忘了，帶上好心情。哦，當(dāng)然還有信用卡!TopicIntroduction①TempleofArtemisatEphesus②GreatPyramidofGiza③HangingGardensofBabylon④Terra-CottaWarriors⑤ColossusofRhodes⑥MausoleumofHalicarnassus⑦LighthouseofAlexandria⑧StatueofZeusatOlympiaWarm-upActivitiesGroup1/f/and/h/

1.All

(/f/,/h/)havebeencanceledbecauseoffog.2.Mostthingshavetwo

(/f/,/h/).3.The

(/f/,/h/)ofourtourisseeingthepalace.4.Heisunfortunatewhocannotbear

(/f/,/h/).5.Thelakewas

(/f/,/h/)overuntillatespring.PronunciationGuide1.flights(/f/)2.handles(/h/)3.highlight(/h/)4.misfortune(/f/)5.frozen(/f/)Group2/s/and/?/1.ShyShellysayssheshallsew

(/s/,/?/).2.Fromalittle

(/s/,/?/)mayburstamightyflame.3.Sheepshouldn’tsleepina

(/s/,/?/).Sheepshouldsleepinashed.4.Hewassmartenoughto

(/s/,/?/)theopportunity.5.Whathedidwasa

(/s/,/?/)wasteoftime.1.sheets(/?/)2.spark(/s/)3.shack(/?/)4.seize(/s/)5.sheer(/?/)Group3

/v/and/w/1.Theriver

(/v/,/w/)downtothesea.2.Thisstarisnot

(/v/,/w/)tothenakedeye.3.Severebraindamageturnedhimintoa

(/v/,/w/).4.She’sa

(/v/,/w/)withcomputers.5.Nooneknowswhenthesocial

(/v/,/w/)belowmodernsocietywillerupt.1.winds(/w/)2.visibel(/v/)3.vegetable(/v/)4.wizard(/w/)

5.volcano(/v/)/f//h/,/s/

/?/,/v//w/的發(fā)音對(duì)比相同點(diǎn)：/f/,/h/,/s/,/?/,/v/都是摩擦輔音，發(fā)音時(shí)發(fā)音的器官形成狹窄的氣流通道，不完全阻塞，氣流逸出時(shí)摩擦或振動(dòng)成音。不同點(diǎn)：/f//h/:/f/是唇齒音，氣流由唇齒間的縫隙中通過(guò)，摩擦發(fā)音；

/h/是聲門(mén)音，發(fā)音時(shí)聲門(mén)張開(kāi)，氣流不受阻礙自由逸出口腔，只在通過(guò)聲門(mén)時(shí)產(chǎn)生輕微摩擦。

/s//?/:/s/是齒齦音，發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖靠近下齒齦；/?/是硬腭齒齦音，發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖和舌端靠近上齒齦較后部，舌身兩側(cè)抬起貼近上顎。

/v//w/:/v/的發(fā)音方法與/f/相同，只是聲帶振動(dòng)；/w/是雙唇音、半元音，發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部向軟腭抬起，雙唇收得圓而小并向前突出。1.CanyoutellmethebestwaytogettoBird’sNest?C.TakebusNo.32.2.Willyougoinagroup?

A.No,Ipreferprivatetour.3.Anyseatpreferences?

B.Yes,I’dlikeawindowseat,please.4.Doyouhaveanyinformationaboutthescenicspotsinthiscity?C.Theyarereallyattractive.5.Whendoweboardtheplane?

C.At6:50am.SentencesDialoguesNewWordspack

vt.&vi.

收拾(行李)luggage

n.行李allowance

n.限額request

vt.

請(qǐng)求suitcase

n.手提箱disturb

vt.

打擾rucksack

n.背包Dialogue1W:I’vebeenlookingforyou.Whathaveyoubeendoing?M:Packing.WhatclothesshouldItake?W:It’shotinBeijingnow.Soyouneedn’ttaketheheavyclothes.ThoselightoneswillbeOK.Q:Whatisthemandoing?Dialogue2W:Roomservice,canIhelpyou?M:I’mgoingtoNewYorkearlytomorrowmorning.SoIwouldliketorequestanearlymorningcall.W:Noproblem.Atwhattimewouldyoulikeustocallyou?M:At6,please.Andbyphone,please.Idon’twanttodisturbmyneighbors.Q:Whatdoesthemanwantfortomorrowmorning?ScriptDialogue3W:It’ssohardtochoosewheretogofirstontoday’ssightseeingtrip!M:IreallywantedtomakesurethatIgotachancetogotothelocalbeach.W:Thatwouldbeafunbeginningtoourday.Wecouldwalkaroundthere.Q:Whatdothetwospeakersplantodotoday?Dialogue4M:Hello?Susan?W:Hello,Adam.IwanttodiscusssomeproblemsthatIamhavingwiththistour.M:Iamsorryyouarehavingadifficulttime.WhatmayIhelpyouwith?W:Thistourcompanydoesn’tseemtoknowthetownverywell.Wearealwaysgettinglost!Q:Whathashappenedtothewoman?Dialogue5M:Haveyougotanyluggagetocheck?W:Iwanttocheckthesethreepieces,twosuitcasesandarucksack.M:Isthatinsidethefreeallowance?W:It’sjustbelowthelimit.Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?1.B.Heispacking.2.A.Amorningcall.3.D.Gosightseeing.4.D.Shehadabadtour.5.A.Atanairport.1.lightones2.byphone3.gotachance4.havingadifficulttime5.checkAnswersPassageNewWordsoutline

vt.概述interest

n.利益monitor

vt.監(jiān)視contract

n.

合同infringe

vt.&vi.

侵犯association

n.

協(xié)會(huì)inappropriately

adv.

不適當(dāng)?shù)豠dministration

n.管理部門(mén)evidence

n.證據(jù)

Asmorepeoplechoosetotravel,thebreakingoflegalrightsoftenoccurs.Hereweoutlinethesituationsofcomplaintstohelpyouwhenyouneedhelp.Generallyspeaking,you,asatourist,cansubmitacomplaint:ifyouthinkyourtravelagencyhasfailedtoofferyouappropriateservice;ifyouthinkyourtravelagencydidnotcarryouttheagreedcontract;ifyouthinkyourtravelagencyhascausedbodilyinjuryorpropertydamage;ifyourtourguideordriverinappropriatelyasksfortipsorforcesyoutogivetips;ifyouthinkthatyourinterestshavebeeninfringeduponduringyourtravels.YoucancomplaindirectlytotheNationalTourismAdministrationortotheQualityMonitoringAdministrationinyourlocation.Certainly,youcanalsocomplaintothelocalConsumers’Association.Youmustgiveenoughevidenceforyourcomplaint.Inotherwords,youshouldpresentthetravelcontracts,thereceipts,etc.That’sthekeytoasuccessfulcomplaint.Script1.Whenandhowtosubmitcomplaintsduringtours.2.Three.1.T

2.F

3.F1.legalrights2.submitacomplaint,contracts,thekeyAnswersSectionBSpeaking

SituationalDialogues

HumorousStoryEasyLearningSituationalDialoguesitineraryn.行程open(tosth.)未決定的temperateadj.氣候溫和的bonus

n.獎(jiǎng)金makeupone’smind作出決定destinationn.目的地narrowsth.down縮小范圍NewWordsandPhrasesDialogue1Notes1.Iamopentosuggestionsatthispoint.在這一點(diǎn)上我愿意接受建議。2.Anicetemperateclimatewouldbebestforme.最好是溫和、宜人的氣候。Activities(C=clerk,E=Eric)C:Goodafternoon.WhatcanIdoforyou?E:Afternoon.I’dliketocreateatravelitinerary.C:Wherewouldyouliketogo,sir?E:Ihavenoidea.Iamopentosuggestionsatthispoint.C:Doyouenjoywarmweather,orareyoulookingforwardtoacoolervacation?E:Acoolerplacewouldbebestforme.Ilikeskiing.Whichplacedoyoumend?C:Er,howmuchmoneyisinyourbudgetforthistrip?E:Ihavejustwonfirstprizeinalotteryandplantospend20000yuanintraveling.C:Then,whydon’tyoutakealookatthesebrochuresthatmighthelpyoumakeupyourmind?Thesetripsareverypopularandtheticketsarealmostsoldout.E:Theselookgreat!C:Takeyourtimechoosingadestinationand,whenyou’venarroweditdown,I’llbehappytohelpyoumakeareservation.fascinatingadj.迷人的diverseadj.多種多樣的removevt.脫去tranquilityn.安靜meditatevi.冥想scarf

n.圍巾，頭巾veil

n.面紗curry

n.咖喱燒菜NewWordsandPhrasesDialogue2Notes

Itisexpectedthatpeoplekeeptheirvoicesdownoutofrespectforthosewhoaremeditating.出于對(duì)冥想者的尊重，人們通常要低聲說(shuō)話(huà)。(B=Becky,A=Aaron)B:Whatdoyouthinkofthecity?A:Ah,Ilovethiscity!I’venevertraveledtoaplacemorebeautifulthanit.B:Yes,itisreallyafascinatingcity!Youcanneverimaginetherearesomanybeautifulscenicspotsinasinglecity.A:Anditisquiteancientwithadiversepast.Thepagodainthetemplewesawjustnowisthousandsofyearsold,whichwasbuiltduringtheThreeKingdomsPeriod.B:Theremustbeabeautifullegendaboutit.A:Yeah.Nearlyeveryscenicspothasalegend.B:Suchas?A:TheSwordTestingStone,forexample.B:Goon,please.Ilikelegends,youknow.A:OK.LegendhasitthatinSpringandAutumnPeriod,GanJiangwasorderedbythekingtomakeaswordsharperthananyother.However,hecouldnotproducetheswordwhenthedeadlineapproached,sohiswifejumpedintothefurnace,inwhich,whenitcooleddown,Ganfoundapairofperfectswords.GanJiangnamedoneafterhimselfandtheotherafterhiswife.Hegavethelatterswordtotheking,whotesteditonthestoneandsplitit.B:Aha!It’sareallegend,beautiful,sadandimpressive.ActivitiesHumorousStoryActivitiesI.1.WhatbothersSwissmountainguideswhoalwaysdothesametourroutes?

Answeringthesamequestionsoverandover.2.DidtheguidegiverightanswerstotheEnglishtourist’squestions?

No,hedidn’t.TournearGlaciersActivitiesII.Keywords:

mountainguide,sametrail,gettiredof,samequestion,Englishtourist,sillyquestion,valley,rocks,bringdown,aglacier,peerupthemountain,goback,morerocksSuggestedanswer:SomeSwissmountainguidesalwaysdothesametrailsandtheyhateansweringthesamequestionsagainandagain.OnetimeanEnglishtouristwasannoyinghisguidewithreallysillyquestions.Theywerewalkingthroughamountainvalleyandthetouristaskedhowtherockshadgottothemountainvalley.Theguidetoldhimthattheyhadbeenbroughtdownbyaglacier.Butthetouristquestionedwhyhecouldn’tseeanyglacier.Then,theguidereplied,“Oh,really?Ithinkithasgonebackformorerocks.”①beingconsidered②moderneconomics③bargainingproblem④have⑤havethoughtof⑥abigday⑦thatage⑧thecase⑨t(yī)hisnature⑩adietofEasyLearning

【情景】ThomasKing告知Nash他被考慮成為諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)

候選人，Nash坦然相告自己目前的精神狀態(tài)。ABeautifulMind(excerpts)

SectionCReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingAppliedReadingIntensiveReadingExercisesWarm-upExercises

TextVocabularyWarm-upExercisesI.①neonlamp

②signallamp

③fluorescentlamp

④safetylamp⑤oillamp⑥r(nóng)eadinglamp⑦streetlamp⑧l(xiāng)anternTheUnbearableLightnessforBeings

Anenvironmentalstudyreportsthatpolarizedlightfromsurfaces,suchasasphaltandglassbuildings,isadverselyaffectingwildlifebehavior.Whethernaturalorartificial,wedon’tblinktwicewhenwe’reinthepresenceoflight.Buttowildlife,thetypesoflight,especiallyinurbanareas,matteralot.It’swelldocumentedthatartificiallight,whichoccursatnight,hasadverseeffectsonwildlife.AteamofinternationalresearchersaddedtothatlistinFrontiersinEcologyandtheEnvironment,reportingthatpolarizedlightwascausingspeciestochangetheirbehaviorinpotentiallydangerousways.VocabularyStructureNotesText

Occurringanytimeofday,polarizedlighthaslightwavesinwhichvibrationsoccuronasingleplane.Somewildlife,suchasbirds,insectsandreptiles,hashighlydevelopedpolarizationvisionandusesittodetectwater—aprimarysourceofnaturally-occurringhorizontalpolarizedlightbecauseofitssmoothflatsurface.However,asphalt,carsandglasswindowsareamongmanyurbanmaterialswithshinysurfacesthatcreateartificialpolarizedlight,andhaveledwildlifetobelievetheirsurfacesarebodiesofwater.Forinstance,babyseaturtles,whichrelyonstarlightandmoonlightreflectedoffthesurfaceofwater,havebeenfoundtoheadtowardsbrighterbuildingsandstreetlampsinurbanizedareasinstead.Likewise,researchersfoundstonefliesamongotherinsectsnestingonasphaltinsteadofwater.VocabularyStructureNotesResearchersalsoreportedthatpolarizedlightpollution(PLP)coulddisruptentirefoodwebsandmarinelife.Theypointedoutthatturtlesfrequentlyingestplastic,especiallytransparentplasticbags,becausetheyconfusethepolarizedlightfromthemasthatfromprey.Theteammendedthatalternativebuildingmaterialsbeusedtoeasetheproblem,amongothersolutions.Onaslightlypositivenote,theteamnotedthatconservationistscouldtakeadvantageofpolarizedlight,forexample,towardoffinsectspeciesthatdestroytrees.VocabularyStructureNotesPartParagraphMainIdea1Para.1~Para.2Polarizedlighthasadverseeffectsonwildlife.2Para.3~Para.5Itintroduceswhyandhowwildlifeisadverselyaffectedbypolarizedlight.3Para.6Theproblempolarizedlighthascausedcanbeeasedandpolarizedlightcanbemadeuseof.StructureTextVocabularyNotesunbearable

adj.難耐的，無(wú)法忍受的

bearableadj.可忍受的，能應(yīng)付的lightness

n.明亮,光亮度；愉快，輕松polarize

vt.使(光波等)偏振vt.&vi.(使)兩極化，截然對(duì)立

polarizationn.

(光的)偏振；兩極化，截然對(duì)立

polarityn.(兩種傾向、意見(jiàn)等的)截然對(duì)立，兩極化asphalt

n.瀝青，柏油affect

vt.

影響；(疾病)侵襲，感染；(感情上)深深打動(dòng)

affectionn.喜愛(ài)，鐘愛(ài)wildlife

n.

野生動(dòng)物，野生生物artificialadj.

假肢

artificialintelligence

人工智能blinkvt.&vi.

眨眼睛

vi.

閃爍

blinkn.

眨眼睛

intheblinkofaneye

眨眼的功夫，很快TextStructureNotesVocabularyNewWords

TextStructureNotespresence

n.

存在，出現(xiàn)；在場(chǎng)，出席

makeyourpresencefelt

突顯自己，對(duì)(人群或局勢(shì))發(fā)揮作用document

vt.

用文件證明(或證實(shí))；記錄,記載

n.

文件，文獻(xiàn)

documentedevidence

有文件證明的證據(jù)

documentaryn.

記錄影片occur

vi.

發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；存在于，出現(xiàn)在

occurrencen.

發(fā)生的事情，存在的事物；發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，存在adverse

adj.

不利的，有害的，反面的

adversityn.

逆境，困境effect

n.

影響，效應(yīng)，結(jié)果

vt.

使發(fā)生，實(shí)現(xiàn)，引起

haveaneffecton

對(duì)……有影響frontier

n.(學(xué)科或活動(dòng)的)尖端，邊緣；國(guó)界，邊境ecology

n.

生態(tài)學(xué)，生態(tài)

ecologicaladj.

生態(tài)學(xué)的，生態(tài)的

ecologistn.

生態(tài)學(xué)家；生態(tài)保護(hù)論者species

n.

物種，種TextStructureNotesvibration

n.

震動(dòng)，顫動(dòng)

vibratevt.&vi.(使)振動(dòng)plane

n.

平面

adj.

平的，平坦的insect

n.

昆蟲(chóng)reptile

n.

爬行動(dòng)物

reptilianadj.

爬行動(dòng)物的highly

adv.

高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地，高級(jí)地；非常，很

thinkhighlyof...

對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)很高

speakhighlyofsb.

對(duì)某人高度贊揚(yáng)sourcen.

來(lái)源，出處；信息來(lái)源

atsource

在源頭，從一開(kāi)始horizontal

adj.

水平的，與地面平行的

n.

橫線(xiàn)，水平線(xiàn)

horizonn.

地平線(xiàn)material

n.

材料，原料

adj.

物質(zhì)的

materialismn.

實(shí)利主義，物質(zhì)主義；唯物主義

materialisticadj.

物質(zhì)享樂(lè)主義的；貪圖享樂(lè)的TextStructureNotesinstance

n.

例子，事例turtle

n.

龜，鱉rely

vi.

依靠，依賴(lài)；信任，信賴(lài)

relyon/upon

依靠，依賴(lài)；信任，信賴(lài)starlightn.

星光moonlight

n.

月光urbanizedadj.

城市化的；生活于城市的

urbanizationn.

城市化likewise

adv.

同樣地，類(lèi)似地；亦，也stonefly

n.

石蠅nest

vi.

筑巢，巢居

n.

鳥(niǎo)巢；窩pollution

n.

污染；污染物，垃圾

pollutevt.

污染，弄臟marine

adj.

海的，海產(chǎn)的

marinelife

海洋生物ingest

vt.

攝入，食入，咽下

ingestionn.

攝入TextStructureNotestransparentadj.透明的；易識(shí)破的，顯而易見(jiàn)的transparencyn.透明，透明性；顯而易見(jiàn)，一目了然confusevt.(將……)混淆；使糊涂，使迷惑confuse...and/with...(將……)混淆confusedadj.不清楚的，混亂的；糊涂的，迷惑的confusingadj.難以理解的confusionn.不確定，困惑；混淆preyn.獵物；受害者mendvt.建議，勸告；推薦mendsb.todosth./menddoingsth.建議某人做某事/建議做某事mend...to...把……推薦給……mendationn.提議；推薦，介紹；推薦信alternativeadj.可供替代的n.可供選擇的事物easevt.&vi.(使)緩解，減輕，寬慰n.容易，不費(fèi)勁easeoff減輕，放松at(one’s)ease舒適，自由自在TextStructureNotessolution

n.

解決辦法，處理手段

asolutionto

……的解決方法slightly

adv.

稍微，略微positiveadj.

積極樂(lè)觀的；有助益的，正面的conservationist

n.

自然環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者destroyvt.

破壞，摧毀，毀滅inthepresenceof

存在……的情況下；在……面前，有……在場(chǎng)pointout(tosomebody)(向某人)指出；指(給某人)看takeadvantageof

利用；欺騙，占……的便宜wardoff

防止，避免(危險(xiǎn)，疾病，攻擊等)TextStructureNotes

PhrasesandExpressionsNotes

1.Whethernaturalorartifcial,wedon’tblinktwicewhenwe’reinthepresenceoflight.無(wú)論在自然光線(xiàn)還是人造光線(xiàn)下，我們的視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)都不受影響。

whethernaturalorartificial為whether引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，whether后省略了it(指代句中的light)is。狀語(yǔ)從句中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)省略現(xiàn)象。如果從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致或是it，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be時(shí)，則從句的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞常省略。

e.g.1)When(wateris)pure,waterisacolorlessliquid.水清時(shí)，是無(wú)色的液體。

2)If(itis)necessary,theywerereadytodiefortheircountry.必要時(shí)，他們?cè)笧閲?guó)捐軀。TextStructureVocabularyNotes

2.Theteammendedthatalternativebuildingmaterialsbeusedtoeasetheproblem,amongothersolutions.研究人員建議，在所有解決方案中，首先應(yīng)該考慮使用其他建筑材料來(lái)緩解這個(gè)問(wèn)題。mend在句中意為“建議”，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在表示建議、命令、要求等語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，具體結(jié)構(gòu)為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有advice,mend,suggest,order,require,demand,request,insist等。e.g.1)Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.我建議下周召開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)議。2)Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.他堅(jiān)決要求被派到那兒去。TextStructureVocabularyReadingComprehension①adverseeffects②dangerous③flatsurface④detect⑤urbanmaterials⑥brighterbuildings⑦easetheproblem⑧takeadvantageofT、F、F、F、T、FIII.1.Somewildlifehashighlydevelopedpolarizationvisionandusesittodetectobject,suchaswaterorprey.However,polarizedlightcausedbymaterialswithshinysurfaceshasledwildlifetobelievethatthesematerialsaretheirobjects.2.Weshouldusealternativebuildingmaterialstoeasetheproblemithascausedandtakeadvantageofit,forexample,towardoffinsectspeciesthatdestroytrees.Exerciseseffect效應(yīng)，影響，結(jié)果：名詞，指因某種行為、原因直接產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。有時(shí)可用作動(dòng)詞，但不表示“影響”，而表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”或“使產(chǎn)生”等。e.g.1)Themedicinehasnoeffectatall.2)Thesedevelopmentshaveeffectedaradicalchangeinsociallife.affect影響：動(dòng)詞，主要指一時(shí)的影響；可指一般意義的影響(不分好壞)，也可指不良影響。e.g.1)Thetaxincreaseshaveaffectedusall.2)Agatheringofbadmoodandfeelingswillaffectourhealth.influence影響，作用：動(dòng)詞或名詞，主要指對(duì)行為、性格、觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響。e.g.1)Don’tletmeinfluenceyourdecision.2)Listeningtothemusichasagreatinfluenceonher.VocabularyPractice1.influence2.effect3.influenced4.effect5.affect6.effected7.affected8.effectedII.1.source2.detect3.alternative4.occurred5.artificial6.positivc7.planes8.adverseIII.1.

inthepresenceof2.pointout3.tookadvantageof4.forinstance5.relyon6.wardoffExercisesI.1.Itisdocumentedthatthisplaceusedtobeanancientcity.2.IalwaysconfuseJohnwithhisbrotherbecausetheyareverymuchalike.3.Imendthatyouthinkverycarefullybeforeyoumakeanydecision.4.Igavehimapilltoeasethepain.5.Theyarelookingforasolutiontotheproblem.II.1.D2.B3.B4.ATranslationTrainingPartParagraphMainIdea1Para.1~Para.3Scientistsfoundthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtobiggerandpossiblymorespidersthroughresearch.2Para.4ItseemsthatwarmertemperaturesmakefemalesofPardosaglacialisemuchbiggerthanmales.3Para.5~Para.7Itintroducesthepossiblereasonswhywarmingseemstobemakingspidersbiggerandtheeffectsthattheselargerspiderswillbring.ExtensiveReadingStructure

SpidersGettingBigger:GlobalWarmingtoBlame?Exercises1.

D2.B3.A4.C5.DAppliedReadingNotes

1.It’sawake-upcalldesignedtoinspireustothinkaboutthepathwe’reonandquestionwhetherwearebeingtruetoourcalling.它是對(duì)覺(jué)醒的呼喚，激勵(lì)我們?nèi)ニ妓魑覀冋谧叩穆?，去反?wèn)自己是否忠實(shí)于自己的使命。

2.Iwouldhavebeenmoresatisfiedwiththestoryifhis“treasure”wasalifeoflove,adventureandampleprosperity—alifelivedwellratherthanalifelivedlavishly.如果他找到的“財(cái)寶”是充滿(mǎn)愛(ài)、奇遇和成功的生活——很有價(jià)值和意義的一生，而非奢華富有的一生，那么我會(huì)更加喜歡這個(gè)故事。BookReviewonTheAlchemistExercises1.

In1988.2.BecausehewantstogototheEgyptianpyramidstolookfortreasure.3.AnEnglishmanonaquestforthesecretsofalchemy.4.Becausetheobstaclestheyfacemakethemstopthepursuitoftheirdreams.5.Three.SectionDPracticalWritingLettersofInvitation&ReplyLettersofInvitation&Reply

邀請(qǐng)函和回函是社會(huì)交往中常見(jiàn)的通信形式，主要用于日常交往、商務(wù)活動(dòng)和外事活動(dòng)中，可分為正式和非正式兩種。正式邀請(qǐng)函一般用于正式的、大型的社交活動(dòng)中，如重要會(huì)議、正式晚宴等。非正式的邀請(qǐng)函主要用于非正式的社交場(chǎng)合，如請(qǐng)朋友吃飯、看電影等。

一、邀請(qǐng)函及回函的基本內(nèi)容

邀請(qǐng)函和回函與其他信函一樣，通常由信頭、信內(nèi)地址、稱(chēng)呼、正文、結(jié)尾禮詞和簽名等幾部分組成。其中，在非正式的邀請(qǐng)函和回函中，信內(nèi)地址經(jīng)常省略。邀請(qǐng)函邀請(qǐng)函需說(shuō)明邀請(qǐng)的原因和活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及安排等；邀請(qǐng)函的語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)短而熱情。

(1)活動(dòng)時(shí)間必須全面準(zhǔn)確，包括具體日期(年份可不寫(xiě))、星期和時(shí)間。

(2)活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)通常只需寫(xiě)明具體場(chǎng)所而無(wú)需寫(xiě)具體地址。

(3)邀請(qǐng)函可根據(jù)具體情況做附帶說(shuō)明，如活動(dòng)目的、服裝要求等?；睾睾譃榻邮苎?qǐng)的回函和謝絕邀請(qǐng)的回函?；睾袘?yīng)明確表明接受邀請(qǐng)還是不接受邀請(qǐng)，不能含糊其辭，語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)短而誠(chéng)懇。

二、邀請(qǐng)函及回函的基本格式

邀請(qǐng)函的格式與其他信函一致?；睾母袷揭话阋c收到的邀請(qǐng)函的格式一致，即正式的邀請(qǐng)函要采用正式的回函，非正式的邀請(qǐng)函則采用非正式的回函。此外，部分正式邀請(qǐng)函還可采用請(qǐng)柬的形式，如邀請(qǐng)參加宴會(huì)、招待會(huì)、活動(dòng)的開(kāi)幕式和閉幕式等。

請(qǐng)柬式回函范例：Mr.andMrs.BillJohnsonacceptwithpleasureMr.andMrs.JoeSmith’skindinvitationfordinnerat6:00pmonSaturday,JulythetwentiethatHeavenlyPondHotel

三、邀請(qǐng)函及回函中的常用表達(dá)

發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)

接受邀請(qǐng)

拒絕邀請(qǐng)

I.

June23,2010DearMr.Lee,Wewouldliketoinviteyoutoanexclusivepresentationofournewmobilephone.ThepresentationwillstartatMingzhuHotel,at8:08amonAugust8.Weareplanningachampagnebreakfast.Dresswillbeinformalbusinesswear.WillyoupleasenotifyusbeforeAugust6whetherwecanexpectyou?Yourstruly,HelenCarterMarketingManagerExercisesII.1.Accepttheinvitation:December21,2010DearEmma,

ItisverykindofyoutoinvitemetotheChristmasparty.IamdelightedtoaccepttheinvitationandIwillbethereonDecember24at7pm.

It’sdelightfultoseeouruniversityclassmatesagain.Iwillexpectthatdayfromnowon.

Yours,

Jessica2.Declinetheinvitation:December21,2010DearEmma,

ManythanksforyourkindinvitationtometotheChristmaspartyonDecember24at7:30pm.However,unfortunately,IwillhaveajourneytoBeijingonDecember22andwillbethereforaboutoneweek.Therefore,Iamunabletoattendtheparty,muchasIwouldhavelikedtodoso.

Ihopetherewillbeanotheropportunityinthenearfuturetomeetyouandtheotherclassmates.Hopeyou’llhaveagoodtimeattheparty!

Yours,

JessicaSectionELanguageGuideGrammarFocusWordBuildingThefollowingaresentenceswith“therebe”structure.Comparetheformsoftheverb“be”andfndouttheirdifferences.Therewerethreestudentsintheclassroomthen.Therehasneverbeenanybodylikeyou.Therebeingnomorefoodandwater,thethreetouristswereindanger.Idon’twanttheretobeanymisunderstandingbetweenus.FindingFeaturesGrammarFocus“Therebe”StructureKnowingtheGrammar

therebe結(jié)構(gòu)是表示存在的基本句型，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“therebe+名詞+其他”。該結(jié)構(gòu)是倒裝句的一種，be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞，there是引導(dǎo)詞，無(wú)實(shí)際含義。一、therebe句型的時(shí)態(tài)

therebe句型沒(méi)有語(yǔ)態(tài)變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，常用的時(shí)態(tài)形式有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)等。二、therebe句型的用法

(1)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法表示“在某地或某時(shí)存在某人、某物或某事”。

(2)動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)與后面的名詞主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致，如果幾個(gè)并列名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)與最近的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。

(3)動(dòng)詞be前可用半助動(dòng)詞，如beaboutto,becertainto,begoingto,belikelyto,hadbetter,haveto,usedto,appear/seem/happento等，或與各種情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用(表示推測(cè))。

(4)除be之外,某些表示存在概念的不及物動(dòng)詞也可以用于這種句型，如come,develop,exist,fall,follow,flash,happen,lie,live,occur,remain,rise,stand等。這些動(dòng)詞可以有時(shí)態(tài)變化，及物動(dòng)詞還可以有語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。

(5)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式有theretobe和therebeing兩種形式，在句中可做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。

1.therebe句型中主語(yǔ)的修飾詞

在therebe句型中，做主語(yǔ)的名詞常是非確定特指，故一般不用this,that,these,those等指示限定詞修飾，而用不定冠詞、基數(shù)詞、量詞、不定限定詞等表示非確定意義的限定詞修飾。

2.there