博士入學(xué)考試輔導(dǎo)

PAGEPAGE21不定冠詞a/an的用法不定冠詞的用法有兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)：放在單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前面an用于名詞的第一個(gè)音素為元音。既不是單詞的首字母，如university，由于發(fā)音時(shí)第一個(gè)音素為ju，是輔音，所以我們依然讀做auniversity。也不能忽視單詞拼寫首字母是輔音的，而讀音時(shí)第一個(gè)音素為元音的一些特殊的單詞。以下是單詞拼寫首字母是輔音的，而讀音時(shí)第一個(gè)音素為元音的一些特殊的單詞。Honesthonorhour以下是各年考過的有關(guān)不定冠詞的用法的題目。1995年14．It’spityyoucan’tgotothemovieswithme.Ireallybelieveyouwouldenjoythefilmthat’sbeingshown.19969.I’dliketofindthephonenumberoftheBeijingofficeofaengineeringfirmnamedBechtel,butIdon’tknowwhatit’scalledinChinese.Doyouhappentoknow?14.ThebusinessmenstandingovertherespeakingEnglisharemostlyfromtheUSandCanada,butoneofthemisaBritishandthreeareAustralians.19983.Ladiesandgentlemen,thankyouverymuchforyourattentionduringmyspeech.Ithasbeenahonortoaddressthisassemblyofleadingresearchesintheearthsciences.17.ProfessorEcksteinissuchterriblelecturer.Fiveminutesafterhebeginstospeak,halfthepeopleinlecturehallarealreadystrugglingtostayawake.1999Forsuchsimpleworkaswedointhislab,anelectronmicroscopeisreallyanuselessluxury.Icertainlydon’tthinkweshouldwasteourresearchfundsonone.20004.Aseverybodyinourpartoftownknows,myneighborisahonestman.Henevertellslies,nomatterwhatthesituationhappenstobe.200119.everyoneregardsitasahonortobechosentogivetheopeningaddressatsoimportantaconference.2002it’snotalwayswisetogiveahonestanswertodelicatequestions.Therearepeopleinthisworldwhomit’snotagoodideatooffend.定冠詞the的用法定冠詞the和不定冠詞a/an的區(qū)別不定冠詞a/an通常用在第一次出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前面，而第二次提及時(shí)，則該用定冠詞the。e.g.Thereisagirl.Thegirlwearsareddress.Thereddresshasseveralyellowflowersonit.注意：不可數(shù)名詞前面不能用不定冠詞a/an，但可以用定冠詞the。定冠詞the的特殊含義。定冠詞the通常是指眾多相同事物中的需要特別指出的一個(gè)或一些。因此，我們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞前面一定要用定冠詞the。2000ThereisafriendofJohn’swhoseemstoknoweverythingabouttrees.Hecantellyouthespeciesandtheapproximateageofmostoftreesthatheencounters.1995ThesetwoyoungscientistsareclearlyresponsibleformostofsignificantresearchdoneinthisinstitutesincethedeathofProfessorQin.1996OverhalfofsoldiersintheChinesearmycomefromruralareas.Thosewholeavethearmyoftengobacktotheirvillagesandsetupsmallbusinesses.199812.Therewereover3000peopleatthegeologicalconferenceinParislastspring.MostofparticipantswerefromEuropeandNorthAmerica,buttherewerealsoquiteafewfromtheFarEast.199912.Iamacquaintedwithmanyofscientistsonthecommitteebutnotwithallofthem.專有名詞和定冠詞the專有名詞中以下是必須加定冠詞the：A．thesun,themoon,theearth,theenvironment(自然環(huán)境)B.國(guó)家各部委的名稱。目前反復(fù)出現(xiàn)過的部委的名稱有：theministryofFinance,theministryofLandandResources,theChineseC.報(bào)刊雜志的名稱theChinaDaily所有表示方位的名詞前都要加定冠詞the20016.Idoalotoftravelingformyjob.Forexample,onceeverytwoorthreemonthsIflytoChongqingandthendrivefromtowntotownineastofSichuantotalktoourclients.零冠詞A.官職、一些獨(dú)一無二的或無須特別指出的名詞前是不用加定冠詞the的。2002LiPinghassomeverypowerfulfamilyconnectionsintheofficialworld.Forexample,oneofherunclesistheministeroftheMinistryofFinanceandshehasacousinintheprimeminister’soffice.14.ItsaysinthisbrochurethattheprograminenvironmentalstudiesattheChinaUniversityB.關(guān)于“人、節(jié)日、地理、建筑物、語(yǔ)言”等的專有名詞是不用加定冠詞theIsJapanesesimilartoChinese?20027.Accordingtomanyobservers,avoidingopendisagreementisacharacternotonlyofChinesepeople,butalsoofotherEastAsians.Infact,thetendencymaybeevenmoremarkedamongtheJapanese.名詞1.名詞的考點(diǎn)主要集中在可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞上。注意：以下名詞均為不可數(shù)名詞。Furniture(1995-1,1998-18,2000-12)knowledge(1996-19,2002-17)news(1997-17)Information(1999-3)equipment(2001-13)progress(2002-10)Fieldwork(1995-13,1996-5)specimen(1996-18)此外，還有幾個(gè)值得注意的：traffic,transport,advice,damage,evidence,mail,population,machinery.2.可數(shù)名詞要么與冠詞連用，要么用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般不單獨(dú)使用A.與冠詞連用1995年14．It’spityyoucan’tgotothemovieswithme.Ireallybelieveyouwouldenjoythefilmthat’sbeingshown.15.I’mverygladthatIhaveanexcusefornotgoingtothemeetingtomorrowmorning.Ican’tstandsuchkindofmeetings.Theyareacompletewasteoftime.199817.ProfessorEcksteinissuchterriblelecturer.Fiveminutesafterhebeginstospeak,halfthepeopleinlecturehallarealreadystrugglingtostayawake.B.用其復(fù)數(shù)形式199714.AtaconferenceinMoscowlastmonththerewasagooddealofheateddiscussionofanewtheoryputforwardinarecentbookbyProfessorGeorgiiSokolovofStPetersburg錯(cuò)把名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞，或錯(cuò)把動(dòng)詞當(dāng)名詞1998IamafraidthatwecannotsignthecontractuntilourdirectorbacksfromTokyo.YoutellmethatAmericansareveryconsciousoftheirhealth,butIhaveeverseenmanypeoplefromtheUSwhoobviouslyweightfartoomuchtobehealthy.20008.CallmeassoonasyoubacktoBeijing.Iwanttoknowwhatyoufindouronyourtripassoonaspossible.Theinformationmaywellhelpmeinmakingmyownplans.3.Iwishtomakeanimportantannounce:theairportbuswillleavefromthefrontoftheconferencecenteratfiveo’clocksharp.20012.Howlikelyisthecurrentcampaignagainstspittingtosuccess?Toanswerthisquestionwemustlookattheachievementsofearliereffortsofthissort?句子中的前后一致的問題：數(shù)的一致1995.6.Themineralsthatthehumanbodyrequireareusuallyobtainedfromplantsand,toalesserextent,fromanimals.requires16.Accordingtothegovernment’splan,ouruniversitycampusissettoundergoextensivechanges.Alion19989.ChengdeisaresortnortheastofBeijing.Ittakesaboutfivehourstogettherebytrain,andalittlelessbycar.Less(fewer)199916.Accordingtothestatisticsinthisbook,two-thirdsofallChineseliveinareaswherericeisthemaincrop,whiletherestlivemostlyinwheat-growingareas.therestmostly矛盾時(shí)態(tài)的一致199610.Itwashardtogettoourhotelfromtheairport.Aswecouldn’taffordataxi,firstwetookabus,andlaterwechangetotheunderground.changed200212.RecentlywehavenoticedgreatchangesinJohn’srelationswithhisclassmates,whichshallbetracedbacktothetwoweekshespentdoingfieldworkwiththeminYunnanovertheholiday.shallbe13.WhenoneofTom’sclosestfriendsdecidedtotransfertoanotheruniversity,hehadfeltunhappyaboutitforquiteawhile.Nowheseemshappyagain.had連詞的一致1995Becauseresearchfundshavebecomemuchhardertoobtaininthepasttwoyears,sowehavedecidedtofocusonsmallerprojects.AlthoughI’veoftenseenhimonourcampus,butI’mnotsurewhoheis.1996Ifwecanpersuadethefoundationtograntusjustalittlemoremoney,sowewillbeabletofinishthisprojectintimefortheconference.199712.TheChinesescholar-officialSuDongpowasresponsibleforthecreationofseveralrenowneddishes.Whilethisparticulardishdoesnotbearhisname,butapoemhewrotewastheinspirationforthedish.形容詞與副詞形容詞的詞序問題形容詞的詞序遵循以下原則：如果你記住Opshacom這個(gè)為幫助記憶而杜撰的詞，就能掌握英語(yǔ)中形容詞排列的順序。Opshacom中op代表opinion，指表示人們觀點(diǎn)的形容詞，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等；sh代表shape，指表示形狀的形容詞，如long，short，round,narrow等；a代表age，指表示年齡、時(shí)代的形容詞，如old，new，young等；c代表color，指表示顏色的形容詞，如red,black,orange等；o代表origin，指表示國(guó)籍、地區(qū)的形容詞，如British，Canadian，German等；m代表material，指表示材料的形容詞，如plastic，metal，aluminium等。英語(yǔ)中這六類形容詞連用時(shí)就按上述先后順序排列，如anicelongnewblackBritishplasticpen。當(dāng)然，實(shí)際語(yǔ)言使用中不可能出現(xiàn)這么多形容詞連用的情況。199512.YesterdayIhadsomefreetime,soItookabusdowntownandwenttoanexhibitionofChinesenewproducts199616.AChineseancientthinkeroncesaidthatapictureisworthathousandwords.ThepublisherswhoputouttextbooksforChineseuniversitystudentsshouldheedthisexcellentadvice.1998TeahasbeenaChinesefamousproductformanycenturies,untilwellafter1900itwasChina’smostimportantexportcommodity.2001Despitetheclaimsoflaterresearchers,itwastworomanancientscholarswhofirstnoticedthesimilarityinthestructureofthesecrystals.20024.AChinesefamousscientistisscheduledtogivealecturethisafternoononourcampus.Wouldyoubeinterestedinattending?形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別與使用通常來說，副詞是以-ly為結(jié)尾的單詞。特殊情況發(fā)生在名詞加-ly的單詞，不是副詞，而是形容詞。199517.Itisobviouslythatwewillbeunabletocarryoutthenextphaseofourresearchunlesswecangetaccesstoamorepowerfulelectronmicroscope.obvious1997OnereasonforthefameofHangzhoucookeryisundoubteditslonghistory.HangzhoucuisinewasfirstmentionedinaHanDynastytextbelievedtohavebeenwritteninthefirstcenturyBC.undoubtedly19988.OurcompanyonlysentMr.LitoKunmingforthreemonths,butheenjoysYunnansomuchthathehasaskedtobetransferredtherepermanent.permanently200018.It’snotalwayseasytotellwhatJohnisthinking.Forinstance,yesterdayIknowhewasquiteupsetwithAnne,yethesmiledveryfriendlywhilehewastalkingtoher.I’msureshehadnoideahowhefeltatthetime.形容詞比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)1997Theworldischangingsofastnowadays.Itisveryhardtokeepupwith(the)latesttechnologicalinnovations.(the)1999ThelectureswhichyougaveduringyourtourofChinalastfallwerereally(the)mostinteresting.WeveryhopethatyouwilllectureagaininChinasoon.the形容詞enough的用法enough應(yīng)該放在形容詞的后面，名詞的前面。1996Iamnotsurethatthedoortoourlabisenoughwidetoallowtheworkmentomoveinthebiggerpiecesofequipment.wideenough幾個(gè)副詞的用法even就even本身而言，它是一個(gè)副詞，不是連詞，不能用來引導(dǎo)句子。19973.Evenourbudgetiscut,Ihopewecancontinueourresearchprogram.Ofcourse,wemayhavetoscaleitbacksubstantially,butIbelievewecouldstillgetsomeimportantworkdone.Eventhough19985.Evenheeatsalot,hekeepsonlosingweight.Hisdoctorsarerunningtestsonhimnowtoseeiftheycandiscoverwhatiswrongwithhim.Eventhough200220.EvenJohnstillcan’tdrive,hehasalreadyboughtacar.Hemustbeveryconfidentthathewillpasshisdrivingtestnextweek.Needlesstosay,ifhedoesn’t,hewon’tbegivenadriver’slicense.Eventhougheverandneverever通常用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中。Never使用時(shí)要放在助動(dòng)詞的后面，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的前面。199511.ToimprovemyEnglish,IeverreadscientificarticlesandjotdownusefulwordsandphrasesinanotebookIkeepjustforthatpurpose.20007.Areyouwillingtohelpusfindanewsourceoffinancesupport?Youneverseemtohaveanydifficultyingettingmoneyforresearch.C.StillStill通常用在肯定句中,否定句中用yet199615.Thedirectorhasfrequentlysaidthatweshouldmakebetteruseofourcomputers,however,theolderemployeesstillhavenotreceivedadequatecomputertraining.2002EvenJohnstillcan’tdrive,hehasalreadyboughtacar.Hemustbeveryconfidentthathewillpasshisdrivingtestnextweek.Needlesstosay,ifhedoesn’t,hewon’tbegivenadriver’slicense.不定代詞one,another,theother,theothers以及other的用法1）泛指另一個(gè)用another。

2)一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物)，一個(gè)用one，另一個(gè)用theother。

3)一定范圍內(nèi)三者，一個(gè)用one，另一個(gè)用one(another)，第三個(gè)可用theother，athird。

4)一定范圍內(nèi)，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用theothers。

5)泛指別的人或物時(shí)，用others當(dāng)在一定范圍內(nèi)，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部時(shí)，也用others。199611.Severalofthepeopleinmychemistryclasssuddenlygotsicklastnightandhadtogotothehospital.Threeotherclassmatesofminewerealreadyinthehospitalwithamysteriousillness.199811.JohnandIhavebeenfriendsformanyyearsnow.IalsoverylikehiswifeMartha,whodoesresearchonblooddisease.Sinceweareallscientists,wehavealotincommonandfinditeasytounderstandoneother.each2001Thereareonlytwomethodsfordealingwiththisproblem:oneisexpensivebutquick,whileanotherischeapbutunfortunatelytakesaratherlongtimetobeeffective.theother200218.Thepatient,wholookssostrange,istheoneundergoingchemotherapyforlungcancer.Thatiswhyhehaslostallhishair.動(dòng)詞幾個(gè)特殊動(dòng)詞的用法ACCOMPANYANDCOMPANYAccompanyandcompany在意義和用法上完全相同，但要記住它們都是及物動(dòng)詞。不需要介詞with.19967.WhichofthemisgoingtoaccompanywithProfessorHartwhenhetravelstoeasternTibetthisfall.199820.Mybrother’sbestfriend,adoctor,isflyingintoshanghaitomorrow.Ishallcompanywithhimonathree-weekjourneythroughsouth-centralchina.1999ProfessorHenningsiscomingtoChinathissummertodofieldworkinnorth-centralTibet.Iwillcompanywithhimformostofhisstay.RightnowI’mtryingtofindasuitablevehicletorentforthesummer.200112.AftertheseminarinShanghaithisSeptember,IwillaccompanywithsomeoftheparticipantsonatourofgeologicalpointsofinterestinYunnanandGuizhou.Wouldyouliketocomewithus?200215.IhopethatProfessorWiesnercomestoChinatodofieldworkinTibetthissummer.OtherwiseImaynotbeavailabletoaccompanyhim,andIthinkthatwouldbeapityforbothofus.WISHANDHOPEwish后面的從句，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式為：1.真實(shí)狀況wish后從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作2.現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)（be的過去式為were）從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生3.過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)（had+過去分詞）

4.將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來時(shí)would/could+動(dòng)詞原形

IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一樣高。

Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat.他希望他沒講那樣的話。

Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。hope表示將來可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。199613.Everybodyhopesthattomorrowwouldbesunny.Ifnot,wewillbeforcedtocallourpicnicofforelsetoeatindoors.199718.WearedelightedthatyouhavedecidedtovisitChinainearlyfall.MycolleaguesandIhopethatyouwouldgiveashortseriesoflecturesonourcampusbeforeyoureturntoCanada.199813.Thissummerheintendstoleadafour-manteamtoTibettosurveythelandformsinaremoteareaalongtheborderwithKashmir.Icertainlywishhewouldletmejoinhisteam.IwouldlovetoseethatpartofTibet.hopewill199914.Shehaslittledesiretogoontheoutingtomorrow,soshescarcelyhopesitwouldrainandforcetheorganizerstocallthetripoff.wish2001We’reheadeddowntownonSaturdaytoseewhat’sbeingshowninthemainartgalleries.I’mtoldthatAnneisveryinterestedinmodernart,soIhopeshewouldjoinourgroup.2002I’vefallenbehindinmystudiesbecauseI’vebeensosicklately.Ihopeyouwouldhelpmetocatchup.SUGGEST199917.IsuggestedhimtoeatinthatexcellentSichuanrestaurantneartheeastgate,buthesaidhecouldnoteatsuchspicyfood,becausehehasbeenhavingproblemswithhisstomachlately.2002WhenItoldJohnaboutalltheproblemsIwashavingwithLeonard,mynewboss,heaskedmeseveralquestionsaboutLeonard’spersonalityandattitudesandthenhesuggestedmetoquitmyjobandfindanother.suggestedquitingmyjobtomeLet,make,have20006.ItoldmyparentshowmuchIwantedtogototheconcert,buttheyletmestayhomeanyway.Iwasangryfordaysafterward.made200114.MybossknewthatIwaseagertoreturntomyhometowntoseemyfamily,butheletmeanalyseall400oftherocksamplesanyway.madeForgetandremember,regret2001ThisafternoonIforgotstoppingtocheckthemail.IthinkanimportantletterfromtheUKmayhavearrivedtoday.SoIamgoingtothemailroomthefirstthinginthemorning.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)199617.Iameatingindininghallsforthelastsixweeks,becauseneitherInormyroommatehastimetocookwhileweprepareforourqualifyingexams.1997SincethecompanyweboughtourspectrometerfromisinCaliforniaIhavehadtoflytoSanFranciscoforfivetimesinthelastyearandahalf.199816.Mymotherislookingforwardtoretirementandthechancetospendtimeinthegardenshelovessomuch.Shehasteachedmathmaticsinsecondaryschoolssinceshegraduatedfromuniversity30yearsago.taught1999IhaveseenJohnforthelasttimein1993.Whenhewaskilledthreeyearslater,itwashissisterAdelsidewhobrokethenewstome.Dr.Rosenkrantz’sspeechattheconferenceonglobalwarminggavemeadeepimpression.SincethenIhavereadallofhisarticlesastheyappear,andIhaven’tbeendisappointed.Theyaretrulyinsightful.2000I’mnotdoinganyteachingthissemester.Lastsemester,ontheotherhand,Iteachedtwocourses,oneforundergraduatesandtheotherforgraduate.taughtAssoonasthenewstudentsteppedintotheclassroom,IknewthatImethimsomewherebefore,butIcouldn’trecallthedetails.LaterIrememberedmeetinghimatafriend’sbirthdaypartyinMarch.2001Thisdiagramisillustratingthedifferencebetweenourdataandthefindingsofthetwoearlierinvestigations.Youwillnotethatthediscrepanciesarequitemarked,especiallyinsectorF.illustrated200215.IhopethatProfessorWiesnercomestoChinatodofieldworkinTibetthissummer.OtherwiseImaynotbeavailabletoaccompanyhim,andIthinkthatwouldbeapityforbothofus.willcome19.Asyouknow,allrocksfallintooneofthreecategories:igneous,metamorphicorsedimentary.InIceland,whichisarelativelynewterrain,igneousrockpredominatedovervirtuallytheentireisland.介詞的用法199519.Bevery,veryquiet!Seeifyoucanremovethepaperswithoutmakeasound.Otherwiseyou’llwakethebaby.making199612.ThebestmonthsinwhichtogoBeijingareMayandOctober,whentheskiesareclearandtheaveragetemperaturearepleasantlycool.goto1997Atonepointduringthefilmwasbeingshownsomepeopleinthebackofthetheatresuddenlystartedtomakealotofnoise.Itturnedoutthattheywereshoutingataratrunningundertheseats.no(was)1998Becauseitsdarkcolor,thecartendstogetveryhotonsunnydaysinthedesert.Isuggestthatyouuseawhitevehicleforyourfieldwork,ifyoucangetholdofone.無謂語(yǔ)，Because后跟句子199919.Sinceourprojectwillbefinishedafterthreeweeks,Iwillbefreetogotravelingwithyoubytheendofthemonth.(in)after后跟句子(?)200011.Theinvestigativepartofourprojectwillbeconcludedafterthreedays.Thenweshallbegintoanalysetheresultsandwritethemupforpublication.(in)after后跟句子(?)句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)中把握一個(gè)原則：在一個(gè)單句中有且只有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。1995YouaresupposetofinishwritingyourreportbyFridayifyouwantittobeprintedintimefortheconference.4.Thereisachartatthebottomofthepageillustratesthesurprisingdiscrepanciesinthefindingsofthetworesearchteams.1996InthearticleIincludedadrawingillustratesthegeologybeneaththesurfaceofourmaindrillingsite.200014.Doyouhaveanyideawhotookthepaperswerelyingonthistable?Ileftthemhereabout20minutesagoandnowthey’vegone.20018.AnumberofthepeoplecametothelecturewereunabletogetseatsinRoom315,soProfessorKleindecidedtoaskeveryonetomovetoRoom403,whichismuchbigger.-ing和-ed結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞加上-ing或-ed后會(huì)變成形容詞。-ing修飾事物，-ed修飾人。19964.ProfessorHarriscertainlyisn’tmuchofalecturer.IamalwaysveryboringthenIhavetositthroughoneofhislongdullpresentations.bored無聊的,無趣的,煩人的1997IrememberthefirsttimeIvisitedTaishan.MyclassmateandIclimbedthemountaininthedarksowecouldbeatthesummitintimeforthesunrise.WhenwefinallyreachedthetopIwassoexcitingthatIcouldhardlysitdown.excited興奮的199815.Iamsoboringinthisorganization.IthinkI’llstarttolookforacompanythatvaluesmytalentsinsteadofleavingmetodrinkteaandreadnewspapersalldaylong.bored200017.Idon’tthinkofJohnasafancydresser—healmostalwayswearsveryplainclothes—sowhenhewalkedinwearinganexpensiveandverystylishItaliansuit,Iwasquitesurprising.Asamatteroffact,Ididn’trecognizehimatfirst.surprised虛擬語(yǔ)氣定語(yǔ)從句詞匯abandonvt.放棄,遺棄n.放任,狂熱able/be(un)abletodosthabsent不在的,缺席的,缺少的.vt.缺席absoluteadj.完全的,絕對(duì)的beabsorbed(全神貫注的,一心一意的adj.)in/beconcentrated(adj.集中的,濃縮的)on/abundant/plentiful/adequate/enoughacademyaccelerate/speedupaccess(have,get)accesstosth.(incomputer)getinformationfromaccommodateaccompanycompanyaccountonaccountofsthbecauseoftakesthintoaccountaccountforexplainaccurate/exactaccuse(sb.)ofsth./blame(sb.)forsth.acquainted/familiarwithsth.acquire/get/gainaddictedtosth/becrazyaboutsthadaptvt.使適應(yīng),改編adjustto/getusedto/beaccustomedtoadjustment/change/modificationadoptvt.采用,收養(yǎng)admit(容許,承認(rèn),接納)beadmittedto(school,university)advantage/takeadvantageofsth./makeuseofsth.advice.忠告,建議,[商]通知/advisable(adj.可取的,明智的)affordalike/similaralter(v.改變)/change(v.改變,變革,改造,兌換)alternative/otherchoicehavenoalternativebuttodosth.amount/alargeamountofsth./amountto/equaltoancientannounce(vt.宣布,通告)annual(n.一年生植物,年刊,年鑒.adj.一年一次的,每年的,一年生的)–yearly(每年的,每年)anxiousanxiety(n.憂慮,焦急,渴望,熱望)apologizeapologyapparent/obviousapplyapplyAtoB(應(yīng)用A-B)applyfor(ajob,aposition,etc.)appreciate(vt.賞識(shí),鑒賞,感激.vi.增值,漲價(jià))thankforunderstandappropriate/suitable(adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?相配的)approveapproval/agreementapproximate/aboutarrangeaspect/sideassociatewith/relatetoattendattend(ameeting,aconferenceetc.)attention/carepay(no)attentiontosth.authority(權(quán)威,威信,權(quán)威人士,權(quán)力)/authorize(v.批準(zhǔn))averageon(the)averageaveragepeople/ordinarypeopleavoidvt.(避免,消除)(amistake,anaccident)bankrupt—bankrupcybargain/bargainwithsb.It’sabargain!(n.契約,合同,成交商品,便宜貨v.議價(jià))Besides/inaddition/alsoBet(n.賭,打賭v.賭,賭錢)/(I,you)betthat(I,you)canbesurethatbetterhavebetterdosth/wouldbewisetodosth.well-off(adj.順利的,走運(yùn)的,手頭寬裕的,繁榮昌盛的)society/bebetteroffbeyondabitofsth./largeamountbook/reservebreakbreaknewstosb.(打破對(duì)sb的新聞)/tellsbsomenewsbreakin/interruptbreakoutbriefly/shortlyspeakingbebusy(in)doingsth.callgivesbaphonecallcalloff/cancelcallfor/requirecareer/job/occupation/profession/position/postcarryout(實(shí)行，運(yùn)作)/do/fulfillcategory/kindcaution—cautious/carefulchallengechancetakechances/takeriskschargeinchargeof/manage/runcollapsecomment(on)sthcompareAwithB(A與B全面比較)compareAtoB(A與B比較相同之處)--comparisonincomparisonwithsth.concentrateonin(good,bad)conditionconsequentconsequence/resultconcern(vt.涉及,關(guān)系到n.(利害)關(guān)系,關(guān)心,關(guān)注,關(guān)注,所關(guān)心的是)toone’sconcernconcernaboutbeconcernedwithconduct(n.行為,操行v.引導(dǎo),管理,為人,傳導(dǎo))(ameeting,experiment)consume(vt.消耗,消費(fèi),消滅,大吃大喝,吸引vi.消滅,毀滅)(oil)–comsumptioncontactkeepcontactwithsb.containcopewith(善于)應(yīng)付,(善于)處理/dealwithcost/spend/takecounton/relyonacoupleof/afewofcrisiscriticizecutdownonsth/reducecure/heal/treatcurrent(news,issue)damagedodamagetosth./doharmtodealwith/copewith/handledeclinedefenddelay/putoff/postponedemonstrate/explainbyexamplesdenydependondeservedesigndespite/inspiteof/regardlessofdestroy/ruindetailindetaildifficultyhave(no)difficulty(in)doingsth/have(no)trouble(in)doingsthdislikedistant/remotedivideinto/fallintodoubt/suspectsbdoubtthat/sbisnotsurethatdrastic/dramaticdurabledurablegoods(be)eagerforsthbeeagertodosth.earn(money,living)/make(money,living)earthscienceecologyeconomyeconomiceconomicseconomicaledition(take)effect(comeinto)effect(have)effect(onsth)effectiveefficient(make)efforttodostholdolderelderelderlyelectsbtosomepositionelementary/preliminary/basiceliminate/remove/getridofembarrassemploy/hireendup(in)sth/doingsthengageinsth/takepartinsth/bebusyinsth/participateinsthequalequipsbwithsthessentialeventatallevents/whateverhappens/inanycaseintheevent/finally/asitturnedout/asaresult/consequentlyevidence[u]exceptbesidesexceptforexceptionthereis(no)exceptionthat….exhaust/useup/runoutofexpandextendextenttotheextentofextremefacilitiessportsfacilities/medicalfacilitiesfailfailurefallinto/canbedividedintofamefamiliartosb.familiarwithsth.fanfunfascinatefast(adj.)fault/mistake/shortcoming/flaw/defect(be)fedupwithsth/(be)tiredofsth/(be)boredatsthquiteafewof…feasiblefigureout/thinkout/understandfinancefire/dismiss/layofffirm/company/jointventureflexiblefocusonsthfortunate/luckyfossilfreeof/fromfrequently(adv.常常,頻繁地n.經(jīng)常地Fuel)fund(s)get(oneself)across/makeoneselfunderstoodbyothersgoahead!(do)sbgood/benefitsbforgood/permanently/forevergossip/rumorgraduategrant/allow/agreegrantsb.Sth./givesb.Sth(have)grounds(forsth)/havereasonsforsthguarantee/promiseahandfulof/asmallnumberofhappento(dosth){vi.發(fā)生,碰巧,偶然v.發(fā)生,恰巧,偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)}/dosthbychancehazard/danger/risk/periloheed/payattentionto/care/takenoticeofhit(film,song,book)holdon/stopholdup/delayhouseholdname/wordhave(some,no)ideaofsthideal/mostsuitableidentical/thesameidentify/recognizeidentity(n.同一性,身份,一致,特性,恒等式)ignore/takenonoticeof/overlookignorantignoranceillegalilliterateillustratevt.舉例說明,圖解,加插圖于,闡明vi.舉例/showbyexampleimageimagineimaginationimaginaryimaginativeimitate/mimicimpact/influence/effectonsthimply(vt.暗示,意味)impressvt.印,蓋印,留下印象impressionincredible(adj.<口>難以置信的)independentindividualindustryindustrialindustriousinformsbofsthinjure(vt.損害,傷害v.傷害)—injury(n.傷害,侮辱)innocent/notguiltyinnovate/introducenewthingsinsistonsth/doingsthpersistinsth/doingsthinstall/equipinstead(of)insult(n.vt.侮辱,凌辱)insure(vt.給...保險(xiǎn)v.確保)/insura