高中英語(yǔ)人教版Unit4Globalwarming unit4sectionⅲ

SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出下列單詞1．a(chǎn)verageadj. 平均的；普遍的；普通的2．existencen. 生存；存在3．a(chǎn)dvocatevt. 擁護(hù)；提倡；主張；支持4．circumstancen. 環(huán)境；情況5．commitmentn. 承諾；信奉；交托6．growthn. 生長(zhǎng)；增長(zhǎng)7．contributionn. 貢獻(xiàn)8．disagreementn. 分歧；不一致根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列短語(yǔ)1．onbehalfof 代表2．onthewhole 大體上；基本上3．putupwith 容忍4．a(chǎn)ndsoon 等等5．havelittleeffecton 對(duì)……沒(méi)有多大影響6．insteadof 代替7．makeadifference 有影響8．cutdown 削減；減少根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列教材原句1．AsI'mnotsurewheretostartwithmyproject,Iwouldappreciateanysuggestionsyoumayhave.由于我還不清楚我該從哪里著手開(kāi)始我的研究，我希望能得到你們的建議。2．ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingit—ifnot，turnitoff!只要你在使用電器設(shè)備，你便可以把它開(kāi)著。如果不用就把它關(guān)掉！3．Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials，so，ifyoucan，buythingsmadefromrecycledmaterials.用新材料來(lái)做這些東西要耗費(fèi)大量的能源，因此，如有可能，就買(mǎi)那些用再生材料制成的物品吧。閱讀P30教材原文，選擇最佳答案。1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．OuyangGuangisdoingaprojectonbehalfofhisschoolaboutglobalwarming.B．Individualscanhavelittleeffectonsuchhugeenvironmentalproblems.C．Wecanmakeadifferenceanddonothavetoputupwithpollution.D．Manythingswedoeverydayleadtothegrowthofthegreenhousegasintheair.2．Ifyouplanttreesinyourgardenoryourschoolyard，theycan．A．a(chǎn)bsorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandrefreshyourspiritB．reducewasteC．teachyoutobeaneducatorD．beinconvenientforyoutowalkintheyard3．WhichisNOTEarthCare'ssuggestion?A．Turnelectricalappliancesoffifyouarenotusingthem.B．Putonmoreclothesinsteadofturninguptheheat.C．Buythingsmadeofrawmaterials.D．Walkorrideabikeifyoucan.4．Whoarethewritersoftheletters?A．Aneditor. B．OuyangGuang.C．EarthCare. D．BandC.5．What'sthemainideaofthetwoletters?A．Someorganizationsshoulddosomethingaboutglobalwarming.B．Suggestionsonwhattodoaboutglobalwarming.C．Individualsneedn'tdoanythingaboutglobalwarming.D．Governmentsshouldtakemeasuresaboutglobalwarming.【答案】1—5BACDBonthewhole大體上；基本上(教材P28)Onthewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，地球變暖是一個(gè)引起廣泛關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象。①asawhole 作為一個(gè)整體；總體上②ingeneral 大體上；總的來(lái)說(shuō)generallyspeaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō)①I(mǎi)analyzedhiswordsasawhole.我是把他的言論作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)分析的。②Ingeneral,ourcarsarereliableandbreakdownsarerare.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我們的汽車(chē)很可靠，發(fā)生故障的可能性小。averageadj平均的；普遍的；普通的n.平均，平均數(shù)(教材P29)Thegreenhouseeffectgivestheearth'ssurfacetheaveragetemperatureof15℃.溫室效應(yīng)使得地球表面的溫度平均是15攝氏度。onaverage 平均來(lái)看aboveaverage 高于平均水平belowaverage 低于平均水平①Theaverageageoftheboysinthisclassisfifteen.這個(gè)班級(jí)中男生的平均年齡為15歲。②Onaverage,Ispend2hoursonlineeveryday.平均起來(lái)，我每天上網(wǎng)2小時(shí)。③Mary'sschoolworkiswellabove(the)average.瑪麗的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于平均水平。existencen．生存；存在(教材P29)Lowlyingcountriesfeeltheirveryexistenceisindangerfromrisingsealevels.地勢(shì)低洼的國(guó)家感到他們的生存受到上升的海平面的威脅。①inexistence 存在comeintoexistence 產(chǎn)生；出現(xiàn)oexistence 使……產(chǎn)生②existv. 存在；有；生存existin 存在于……之中existon 靠……生活/生存①Thecompanycameintoexistence20yearsago.這家公司成立于二十年前。②Theelephantisthelargestlandanimalinexistence(exist)．大象是現(xiàn)有的最大的陸上動(dòng)物。③Itwasimpossibleforthemtoexistonsuchasmallincome.他們要靠這一點(diǎn)收入生活是不可能的。onbehalfof代表……一方；作為……的代言人(教材P30)Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.我正代表學(xué)校進(jìn)行一個(gè)關(guān)于全球變暖方面的課題研究。onbehalfofsb.＝onsb.'sbehalfrepresentv． 代表；象征；表示standfor 代表；象征；支持①Onbehalfofeveryonehere，Iwishyouaveryhappyretirement.我代表在座的各位祝你退休愉快。②Thepresidentcan'tbeheretoday，soI'mgoingtospeakonhisbehalf/onbehalfofhim．今天總裁不能來(lái)，所以我將代表他發(fā)言。③PRCstandsforthePeople'sRepublicofChina.PRC代表中華人民共和國(guó)。advocatevt.擁護(hù)；提倡；主張；主持(教材P30)However，Istillthinkpeopleshouldadvocateimprovementsinthewayweuseenergytoday.然而我仍認(rèn)為如今人們應(yīng)該支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。①advocateeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth.提倡……,that-clause（從句謂語(yǔ)用（should＋）動(dòng)詞原形）))②advocaten． 擁護(hù)者；提倡者anadvocatefor/of ……的支持/擁護(hù)者①Ourgovernmentadvocatestheuseofenergy-savinglights.我國(guó)政府提倡使用節(jié)能燈。②Idon'tadvocatebuilding(build)largefactories.我不主張建造許多大工廠。③Manyteachersadvocatethattheeducationsystem(should)bereformed(reform)．很多教師主張改革現(xiàn)有的教育制度。putupwith忍受，容忍；忍耐；受苦(教材P30)Wedonothavetoputupwithpollution.我們不必去忍受污染。與put有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：putforward 提出建議；把……向前撥putoff 推遲，延期puton 穿上，戴上；演出putout 熄滅；撲滅；生產(chǎn)putaside 存儲(chǔ)；把……放到一邊putaway 收好，放好；儲(chǔ)存putup 張貼，掛起；留宿①Noiseiscomingtothepointwherewecan'tputupwithit.噪音快到我們無(wú)法忍受的地步了。②Hehadputupabasketonapoleinthebackyard.他在后院一根柱子上安裝了一個(gè)球籃。③Heputforwardaplanforthecommitteetoconsider.他提出一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃交由委員會(huì)審議。④Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.今日事，今日畢。circumstancen．環(huán)境；情況(通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式)(教材P30)Recyclecans，bottles，plasticbagsandnewspapersifcircumstancesallowyouto.如果情況允許的話，把罐頭盒、瓶子、塑料袋和報(bào)紙回收利用起來(lái)。in/underthecircumstances 在這種情況下in/undernocircumstances 決不；無(wú)論如何都不(置于句首時(shí)， 句子要部分倒裝)。①Wewillcontinuetodothat，nomatterwhatthecircumstancesare.無(wú)論情況如何，我們都將繼續(xù)這樣做。②In/Underthecircumstanceshefeltunabletoacceptthejob.在這種情況下，他覺(jué)得無(wú)法接受這項(xiàng)工作。③Undernocircumstancesmustasoldierleavehispost.任何情況下，士兵都不得離開(kāi)崗位。[名師點(diǎn)津]“決不”掉以輕心以下短語(yǔ)均意為“決不；無(wú)論如何也不”，置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。atnotimeinnowayinnosenseonnoaccountonnoconditionⅠ.完成句子1．要是她能忍受那里的條件，我們是可以帶她去的。Ifshetheconditionsthere，wecouldtakeher.2．你出了幾處差錯(cuò)，但總的說(shuō)來(lái)，干得很好。Youhavemadeafewmistakes，butyouhavedonewell.3．我謹(jǐn)代表全班感謝你們所有人。Iwouldliketothankyouall.4．你能否得到這工作應(yīng)該與你的年齡無(wú)關(guān)。Youragetowhetheryougetthejobornot.5．你無(wú)論如何都不能給陌生人開(kāi)門(mén)。Undernocircumstancesthedoorforastranger.【答案】putupwiththewholebehalfoftheclass'tmakeanydifferenceyouopenⅡ.選詞填空onbehalfof；onthewhole；andsoon；putupwith；makeadifference1．Students'performancewassimilartolastyear's.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33100023】2．a(chǎn)llourworkers，Iwelcomeyoutoourfactory.3．Ican'ttheloudisdrivingmemad.4．Sheenjoyslipstick，scarves(圍巾)，jewellery．5．Yoursupportwillcertainlytoourproject，whichmustbecompletedbeforenextFriday.【答案】：thewholebehalfofupwithsoonadifference(教材P30)ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingit—ifnot，turnitoff！只要你在使用電器設(shè)備，你便可以把它開(kāi)著，如果不用就把它關(guān)掉！【要點(diǎn)提煉】(1)solongas意思是“只要”，相當(dāng)于aslongas，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。solongas＝aslongas 只要onconditionthat 只要providing/provided(that) 只要①Youcangoout，as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11o'clock.你可以出去，只要你答應(yīng)在11點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)。②Youcanstayforaslongasyouwant.你想待多久就待多久。③Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.他們同意借車(chē)給我們，條件是周末以前歸還。(2)句中ifnot是ifyouarenotusingit的省略形式。ifso 如果這樣ifany 如果有ifever 如果曾有過(guò)的話ifnecessary/possible 如果有必要/可能④Takethiscamerawithyou，ifnecessary.如果有必要，帶上照相機(jī)去吧?、軮thinkthere'sabullettrainatnot，youwillhavetowaittill2o'clockintheafternoon.我想正午會(huì)有一輛動(dòng)車(chē)。要是沒(méi)有，你只好等到下午2點(diǎn)了。(教材P30)Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials，so，ifyoucan，buythingsmadefromrecycledmaterials.用新材料來(lái)做這些東西要耗費(fèi)大量的能源，因此，如有可能，就買(mǎi)那些用再生材料制成的物品吧?！疽c(diǎn)提煉】Ittakesdo...是固定句式，表示“做某事需要……”Ittakessb...todo.../Ittakes...fordo... 做某事花某人(時(shí)間、精力等)①I(mǎi)ttookmygreatcouragetotellthetruth.說(shuō)出真相需要極大的勇氣。②Itusuallytakeshalfanhourformetoarrive(arrive)atmyschool.我通?；ò胄r(shí)到達(dá)學(xué)校。句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)1．Getupearlyyoudon'tgetupearly，youwillmissthefirstbus.→Getupearlytomorrow.，youwillmissthefirstbus.2．Ifitisnecessary，I'llgowithyou.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33100024】→，I'llgowithyou.3．Youcanstayhereonconditionthatyoukeepquiet.→Youcanstayhereyoukeepquiet.4．Ababyshouldn'tbeleftaloneinthehouseinanycircumstances.→Innocircumstancesaloneinthehouse.5．Howcanshestandthatkindoftreatment?→Howcanshethatkindoftreatment?【答案】：notnecessarylongasababybeleftupwith學(xué)業(yè)分層測(cè)評(píng)（十一）Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Mydeskmateisgood，kind，hard-workingandintelligent.thewhole，Ican'tspeaktoohighlyofhim.2．behalfofeveryonehere，Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry.3．Hetookacoldwaterbath(refresh)himselfandthenwentbacktoworkagain.4．Nooneknowswhensuchacustomcameinto(exist)．5．Ourstudentsshouldstudyhardandmakecontributionsoursociety.6．Weadvocate(help)thepoorschoolmatesbyraisingsomemoney.7．Underthese(circumstance)，youmightagreewithusthatitisratherdifficultforyourproductstosetfootinthismarket.8．a(chǎn)verage，over8，000personscometovisitZhouzhuangaday.9．Theraindidn'tmakemuch(different)tothegame.10．We'vehad(agree)，butwe'restillgoodfriends.【答案】refreshⅡ.完成句子1．你無(wú)論如何都不該把錢(qián)借給他?！緦?dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33100041】lendhimanymoney.2．她剛到這里，她不知道去哪里玩。Sheisnewdoesn'tknow.3．她在嗎？如果不在，我可以跟她姐說(shuō)話嗎？Isshein？，couldIspeaktohersister?4．只要不出后院，你可以出去玩。Youcangoouttoplayinthebackyard.5．人們提倡采取措施以保護(hù)環(huán)境。Peopleadvocatethatsomethingtheenvironment.【答案】Innocircumstancesshouldyou2．wheretoplaynotlongasyoustay5．(should)bedonetoprotectⅢ.閱讀理解A(2023·江西盟校高二模擬)Basedonnewanalysis，wearerapidlyapproachingmajorclimatechangeandtheeffectsonsocietyandtheenvironmentcouldbequitepredictthatwithinthenexteightyyears，currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandsomecouldcompletelyregionswillgetcolderwhiletropicalregionswillgetevenhotter，forcinganimalstomigrate(遷徙)north.Climatechangeslikethesecouldleadtothespreadofstormsandhurricaneswillnotonlyincreasebutmayalsobecomemorethechangescometooquickly，animalandplantspeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughandcoulddisappear.AccordingtoScienceDaily，anewstudypredictsthatbytheyear2100，manyoftoday'sfamiliarclimateswillbereplacedbyclimatesunknownintoday'sisurgentthatwereducetherisksofthesefar-reachingconsequencesforthewholeplanetitselfhasbeenshowingsignsof2023，aserioustsunamicreatedbyamajorearthquakekilledthousandsinSumatraandin2023，thousandsdiedinChinabecauseofanotherseverewashitin2023withamajorearthquakeandHaitiwasdevastatedin2023byyetanothermassiveearthquake.Withinjustthelastfewmonths，newreportsfromaroundtheworldhavebeencominginandmostagreethatourclimatesituationismuchworsethanpreviouslythispoint，itdoesn'tmatterwhatiscausingit，butrather，whatcanbedoneabout'smore，ourworldisgettingmoreandmoreunstableeveryiswarandthreatofwardisastersarebecomingmorefrequentandserious.However，otherplanetsareexperiencingglobalwarmingaswellasourownandsomescientistsbelievetheremaybesomeconnectionbetweenoneknowsanythingforsureatthispointbecausethereissimplynotenoughdata.1．Whatisthemajorfunctionofparagraph1?A．Toarousethereader'sconcern.B．Tointroducethethemeofthewholepassage.C．Tosummarizethewholepassage.D．Tostatehowclimatechanges.【解析】推理判斷題。第一段的主要作用是引出了氣候變化這一主題。故B正確。【答案】B2．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinusingtheexamplesofearthquakes?A．Toshowmajorchangesaretakingplaceontheplanet.B．Toremindpeopletopreventfutureearthquakes.C．Toshowthedamageearthquakescaused.D．Totellusmoreearthquakeswillhappeninthefuture.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“manyoftoday'sfamiliarclimateswillbereplacedbyclimatesunknownintoday'sworld”可知作者舉地震的例子是說(shuō)明氣候變化正在這個(gè)星球上發(fā)生。故選A?！敬鸢浮緼3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofclimatechanges'effects?A．Animalandplantspeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughandcoulddisappear.B．Itcouldleadtothespreadofdiseases.C．Currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandcompletelydisappear.D．Naturaldisastersarebecomingmorefrequentandserious.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Naturaldisastersarebecomingmorefrequentandserious”可知這些異常的氣候變化不但不會(huì)消失，還會(huì)加劇。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾4．WhatcanbeinferredfromthePassage?A．Animalsandplantswon'tdieoutaslongasclimatechangesslowly.B．There'senoughdataforustopredictthefutureofclimatechange.C．Theworldisgettingmoreunstablebecauseofanimalmigration.D．Theearthisnottheonlyplanetthatisexperiencingclimatechange.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“However，otherplanetsareexperiencingglobalwarmingaswellasourownandsomescientistsbelievetheremaybesomeconnectionbetweenthis”可知不光是地球在經(jīng)歷氣候變化。故選D?！敬鸢浮緿BThesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthebuildingscanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses，factories，andoffices.Greenbuildingmeans“reducingtheeffectofthebuildingontheland”，TarynHolowkaoftheU．BuildingCouncil(評(píng)議會(huì))inWashingtonD．toHolowka，buildingaccountsfor65percentoftotalU．use.Butgreenbuildingscanreduceenergyandwater，thebuildingsareoftenlocatednearpublictransportationsuchasbusesandsubways，sothatpeoplecandrivetheircarscouldbegoodfortheenvironment，becausecarsuselotsofgasandgiveoffbuildingsareoftenbuiltondevelopedland，sothatthebuildingsdon'tdestroyforests.MartyDettlingistheprojectmanagerforabuildingthatputstheseideasintoSolairehasbeencalledthecountry'sfirstgreenhigh-risetoDettling，“We'vereducedourenergyusebyone-thirdandourwaterby50percent.”TheSolairecutsenergyinpartbyusingsolarpower.“Onthefaceofthebuildingwehavesolarpanels(光板)whichchangethesun'senergyintoelectricity，”Dettlingexplained.TheSolairealsohaslightsthatautomaticallyturnoffwhenpeopleleavetheaddition，thebuildinghaslotsofwindows，allowingpeopletousethesunforlightduringtheSolairecutswaterbyreusingit.Noteveryoneiseagertomoveintoagreenbuilding，peoplethinkthatthingslikesolarpanelscostmoremoneythanmoretraditionalenergy，Holowkasaid，“It'sgoingtobebig.”greenbuildingmeans．A．a(chǎn)buildingthatusesnoelectricityB．a(chǎn)buildingthatsavesenergyandwaterC．a(chǎn)buildingoccupyinglesslandD．a(chǎn)green-coloredbuilding【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案在第一段第一行和第三段第一行，綠色建筑為節(jié)約能源和水的環(huán)保建筑?！敬鸢浮緽6．Agreenbuildingisoftenbuiltonanareaofland．A．whichhasalreadybeenforbuildingsB．whichhasthickforestsaroundC．wherepeopleofhighincomeliveD．wheretravelingaroundbycarismostconvenient【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句可知，綠色建筑常建在已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)的土地上，以便不再毀壞森林?！敬鸢浮緼7．WhenHolowkasaysinthelastparagraph，“It'sgoingtobebig”，shemeansthatgreenbuildings．A．willbemorecomfortableB．willbemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyC．willbecomepopularinfutureD．willtaketheplaceoftraditionalbuildings【解析】推理判斷題。綠色建筑將會(huì)變大，是今后的發(fā)展方向，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看將會(huì)普及、流行?！敬鸢浮緾8．Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?A．DettlingdesignedthefirstgreenbuildingintheU．S.B．Energyshortagecallsforbuildingsofnewdesign.C．TheSolaireservesasamodelofhighbuildings.D．Greenbuildingshelpsavetheenvironment.【解析】主旨大意題。從全文來(lái)看，本文主要話題是“綠色建筑有助于環(huán)保、節(jié)能”?！敬鸢浮緿Ⅳ.閱讀填句1Whatweconsiderpoliteathomeisn'talwaysacceptedoutsideour'tberegardedrudeordisrespectfulonyourtravels.Giftgivingshouldbeahappy，positiveexperience.2Givingsharp，pointyobjectsasgiftsisconsideredcarefulwhenpresentingflowersinflowerssuggestcheatorarelationshipbreak-up