中考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 科普環(huán)保類三（含答案）

…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………※※請(qǐng)※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線※※內(nèi)※※答※※題※※…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………一、閱讀理解（共5題）1、NewWaytoRecycle

WhenShanghaiintroducedanewgarbage﹣sortingpolicyinJulylastyear，thecity'sresidents（居民）tooksometimetogetusedtoit．Theyjokedthateverytimetheytookouttheirgarbage，thestaff（工作人員）standingbythebinswouldask"Whatkindofgarbageareyou？"

StartingonMay1，BeijingjoinedmanyChinesecitiesbyintroducinganewgarbage﹣sortingpolicy，People'sDailyreported．Residentsshouldsorttheirgarbageintofourgroupskitchen，recyclable，hazardous（有害的）andotherwaste．

Thesegroupsarerepresented（代表）byfourdifferentcolorsoftrashbins﹣green，blue，redandgrey．Thosewhofailtosorttheirtrashcorrectlymayfacefinesofupto200yuan，Xinhuareported．

ThewayBeijingsortsitstrashsoundsdifferentfromotherslikeShanghaiandQingdao．Thesecitiesusefordifferentgroups：wet，recyclable，harmfulanddry．Althoughtheirnamesaredifferent，thegroupsareactuallythesame．WetgarbageinShanghaiis，infact，kitchengarbage．Anddrygarbageisthesameasotherwaste．ChinaDailyreported．

Tohelpresidentssorttheirtrashcorrectly，theBeijinggovernmentisofferingonlineguidelines．Ifpeopledon'tknowhowtothrowawaygarbage，theycansearchforitontheWeChataccountGuanchenglish（管城理事）tofindout．Bysearchingakeywordortakingaphoto，peoplecanimmediatelyfindoutwhichgrouptheirwastebelongsto．

（1）Whatdoweknowfromthisstory？

A．Garbage﹣sortingstartedinBeijingonMay1．B．Garbage﹣sortingisbeingcarriedoutnationwide．C．Beijing'sgarbage﹣sortingpolicyisthesameasShanghai's．（2）Otherwasteisthesameas

inShanghai．A．drygarbageB．recyclablegarbageC．harmfulgarbage（3）Ifpeopledon'tfollowthegarbage﹣sortingpolicy，

．A．theywillbeforcedtolearnthepolicyB．theywon'tbeallowedtothrowtrashawayC．theymayfacefines（4）Thelastparagraphmainlyexplains

．A．thegovernment'ssuggestionsaboutgarbage﹣sortingB．howtohelpresidentssorttheirgarbageC．problemswithBeijing'sgarbage﹣sortingpolicy（5）Wecanreadthisarticlein

．A．a(chǎn)storybookB．a(chǎn)guidebookC．a(chǎn)newspaper2、Animalsareourfriends.Sometimestheymaketrouble,butsometimestheycanhelpus.Andtheyhopetoliveahappylife,too.Herearetworealstoriesfromourreaders.ThefirststoryisfromRay."Mycat,Tiger,hatesitwhenIusemyiPadbecauseittakesmyattentionawayfromhim.Oneyear,Ihadafallathomeandwasonthefloorfor16hours.Duringthistime,Iwasunabletomoveandcouldn'tgettothephonetocallforhelp.Tigerstayedbymysideuntilhedisappearedundermybed.'What'shepupto?'Iwondered.Tomysurprise,hestartedtopushsomethingtowardsme.ItwasmyiPad,whichIdidn'trealizehadfallenoffthebedandontothefloor.Heprobablydidn'tknowwhatitwas,butheknewthatitmademehappy.ThankstoTiger,Iwasabletocommunicatewithmyfriend,Becky,whothentoldmydoctor."ThesecondstoryisfromColin."Yearsago,myfriendJuliussavedabird—awild'Mom'cockatoo（鸚鵡）fromthesideoftheroadandkeptitasapetinabigcage(籠子).Itlostoneofherwings,soshewasunabletoreturntothewild.Soon,twowildcockatooscamevisitingandone'Dad'birdwantedtofindhiswayintothecage.The'Mom'cockatoointhecagewassoonexpecting.Butasshecouldn'tfly,'Dad'cockatoobuiltahomeinthetree,keepingoffeveryonewhogotcloseto'Mom'cockatoo.'Baby'cockatoowouldspendhisdaysflyingoffwithhisdad,leavinghismombehind.Shewouldsitandwaituntiltheyreturnedhomeeachafternoon.Thefamilystayedtogetherhappily."Afterreadingthestories,don’tyouthinkweshouldgetalongwellwithanimals?Nomattertheyareourpetsorliveinthewild,theyhavetheirfeelings.Weshouldrespecteverylifeintheworld.46.____________istheownerofthecat.A.Becky

B.Julius

C.Colin

D.Ray47.Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referstothe_____________.A.phone

B.cat

C.iPad

D.bed48."Mon"cockatoodidn'treturntothewildbecause____________________.AJuliuscaughtitasapet

B.shevasbadlyhurtandcouldn'tflyC.shepreferredthelifeinthecage

D."Dad"cockatoobuiltahomeinthetree49.Themainideaofthepassageisthat_____________.A.Ray,BeckyandColinareanimallovers

B.weshouldn'tuseiPadtoomuchC.friendsshouldhelpeachother

D.weshouldrespecteverylifeintheworld50.Inwhichpartofanewspaperwouldyouprobablyreadthepassage?A.Sportsnews.

B.Peopleandanimals.

C.Health.

D.Travel.3、Seventypercentofourplanetiscoveredbyonehugebodyofseawater﹣theocean．In2008，theUnitedNationsrecognized（確立）June8asWorldOceansDay．It'sadaytothinkabouttheimportantrolethattheoceansplayinourlives，thedangersthatouroceansarefacingandtheactionwecantaketoprotectthem．

TheoceanishometothemostofplantsandanimalsonEarth．Plantsintheseaprovideuswith70percentofO2webreathe．Theoceancontrolsourclimate（氣候），providingheatinwinterandcoolairinsummer．Italsoprovidesuswithfoodandmedicine．Nomatterwhereyouliveontheplanet，nomatterhowfarfromthesea，yourlifeisdependentontheocean．

Thebiggestproblemfacingtheoceanatthemomentisplasticpollution．Reducingsingle﹣useplastic，includingplasticbagsandplasticbottles，hasbeenanimportantthemeforWorldOceansDayforanumberofyears．

Climatechangeandrisingseatemperaturesarealsoahugeproblem．Risingseatemperatureshaveadirectinfluenceonweatherpatternsandareseenaspartlyresponsibleforanincreaseinextreme（極端的）weather．

Thedayiscelebratedinallkindsofways，includingspecialeventsonthebeach，riverclean﹣ups，schoolactivities，artcontestsandfilmfestivals．Youcanjoinintoremindpeopleabouttheimportanceofouroceansandtomakeadifference．（1）Whatpercentofourplanetiscoveredwithseawater？

A．30%B．40%C．70%（2）WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2？

A．Theoceanprovidesuswithheatandcoolair．B．Ourlifeisdependentontheocean．C．Theoceanprovidesuswithfoodandmedicine（3）Whatisthebiggestproblemfacingtheocean？

A．Plasticpollution．B．Reducingsingle﹣useplastic．C．Airpollution．（4）Whatispartlyresponsibleforanincreaseofextremeweather？

A．Climatechange．B．Risingseatemperatures．C．Weatherpatterns．（5）HowdopeoplecelebrateWorldOceansDay？

A．Eatingouttogether．B．Havingameeting．C．Holdingspecialevents．4、【2019?山東東營(yíng)】What’saspacewalk?Anytimeanastronautgetsoutofaspacecraft(航天器)whileinspace,itiscalledaspacewalk.Astronautsgoonspacewalksformanyreasons.Forexample,experimentscanbeplacedontheoutsideofaspacecraft.Thisletsscientistslearnhowbeinginspaceaffects(影響)differentthings.Bygoingonspacewalks,astronautscanalsofixthingsinsteadofbringingthembacktotheearthtofix.Whenastronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe.Insidespacesuits,astronautshavetheoxygen(氧氣)theyneedtobreatheandthewatertheyneedtodrink.Tokeeptheastronautsandthespacecraftsafe,theastronautsmustleaveandgobacktothespacecraftthroughaspecialdoor.Whenonaspacewalk,astronautsusesafetytetherstostayclosetotheirspacecraft.Tethersarelikeropes,connectthespacewalkerswiththespacecraft.Theykeepastronautsfromfloating(漂浮)awayintospace.AnotherwayastronautsstaysafeduringspacewalksisbywearingaSAFER.SAFERiswornlikeabackpack.Ithelpsanastronautmovearoundinspace.Howdoastronautstrainforspacewalks?Onewayisbygoingforaswim.Floatinginspaceisalotlikefloatinginwater.Astronautspracticespacewalksunderwaterinahugespecialswimmingpool.Foreveryonehourtheywillspendonaspacewalk,astronautsneedtotrainsevenhoursinthepool.Anotherwayastronautspracticeforaspacewalkisbyusingvirtualreality(虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)).Itlooksandfeelsjustlikeaspacewalk.Today,onlythreecountrieshavefinishedspacewalksindependently.TheyareRussia,theUnitedStatesandChina.ThefirstpersontogoonaspacewalkintheworldwasAlexeiLeonovfromRussia.ZhaiZhigangisthefirstChineseastronauttogoonaspacewalk.TheworldrecordofspacewalksisheldbyRussianastronautAnatolySolovyev.Hehasbeenon16spacewalksandspentmorethan82hoursoutsideinspace.26.Aboutthespacewalk,wecanknow__________

.A.somethingscanbefixedbyastronautsduringspacewalksB.allexperimentsmustbeplacedontheoutsideofaspacecraftC.anastronautcangetoutofaspacecraftanytimewhileinspaceD.aspacewalkletsscientistslearnhowbeinginspaceaffectsdifferentthings27.Howmanywaystokeeptheastronautssafeduringspacewalks?A.Two.

B.Three.

C.Four.

D.Five.28.What’sthemeaningoftheword“tethers”inParagraph2?A.吊籃

B.系繩

C.籠子

D.鉤子29.Astronautstrainforspacewalksby__________.A.floatinginspaceB.usingvirtualrealityC.goingonspacewalksoutsideaspacecraftD.traininginwaterinacommonswimmingpool30.Accordingtothepassage,whichisNOTtrue?A.Chinacanfinishaspacewalkindependently.B.Astronautscanbreatheanddrinkinspacesuits.C.AstronautscanmovearoundinspacewiththehelpofSAFER.D.AnatolySolovyevisthefirstpersontogoonaspacewalkintheworld.5、【2019?浙江寧波模擬】

Wanttoknowwhatwecandotohelpmakeourcityabetterplacetolivein?Whynottakepartin“Clean&Greenweekend”?Joinus,andyoucanmakenewfriendsandhelpprotecttheenvironmentatthesametime.

ParkLifeDoyoulikehangingoutintheparkwithyourfriends?Ifso，whynottakethechancetocomewithusandtidyuptheparkasyougo？Toaddsomefun,thereisagiftforthepersonwhocollectsthemostrubbish!MeetusatthesouthentrancetoTaoheParkat9a.m.nextSaturdayifyouwanttojoinin.TheAirYouBreatheAgreatwaytomaketheairwebreathecleanerisbyplantinglotsoftrees！Itisafactthattreesslowlyfilter（過(guò)濾）alotofpollutantsfromtheair.SocomeandhelpusplantsomenewonesinFenheParkat2p.m.nextSunday.WaronGraffiti（涂鴉）Somepeoplethinkgraffitiiscool.Well,itisnot!Thebestwaytostopbuildingsfrombecomingtotallycoveredinuglygraffitiistogetridofitassoonaspossible.Andthatisexactlywhatwearegoingtodo.Wearerepaintingtheschoolwallsfrom1p.m.onSaturday.Youdon’thavetobringanytools,justremembertowearsomeoldclothes！根據(jù)上面三個(gè)倡議的內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。12.Themainpurposeof“Clean&GreenWeekend”isto

.A.makeourcitymorebeautiful

B.offerthechancetohavefunC.helpstudentsmeetoldfriends

D.haveaniceweekend13.Thestudentswhowanttojoinintherubbishcollectingactivitymustmeet

.A.at1p.m.onSaturday

B.at2p.m.nextSunday

C.at9a.m.nextSaturday

D.at3a.m.onSunday14.Ifwe’regoingtorepainttheschoolwalls,weneedto

.

A.drawpictureswell

B.wearsomeoldclothes

C.bringsometoolswithus

D.wearsomenewclothes15.Accordingtothepassage,weknow

.

A.graffiticanmakethebuildingslookcool

B.thepersonwhocollectsrubbishcangetagiftC.wecanplanttreestoimprovetheenvironmentD.wecandrawpicturesonthewall12—15ACBC12.A

短文開(kāi)頭“Wanttoknow...tolivein?”意為“想知道做什么可以讓我們的城市更適宜居住嗎？”故選A。13.C

第一則通知中“Meetusatthe...tojoinin.”意為“如果你想加入請(qǐng)于下周早上9點(diǎn)在陶河公園南入口處集合”。故選C。14.B

根據(jù)第三則通知可知“要記得穿上舊衣服”。故選B。15.C

根據(jù)第三則通知可知“樹(shù)木可以過(guò)濾來(lái)自空氣中的污染物”。故選C。============參考答案============一、閱讀理解1、1.A

2.A

3.C

4.B

5.C【分析】文章講述上海以及北京的垃圾分類政策；垃圾如何分類以及不按照政策實(shí)行將受到的懲罰；政府為了幫助居民正確的垃圾分類而采取的網(wǎng)上指導(dǎo)措施．【解答】（1）A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．題目問(wèn)從這個(gè)故事中我們知道了什么，根據(jù)第二段StartingonMay1，BeijingjoinedmanyChinesecitiesbyintroducinganewgarbage﹣sortingpolicy，People'sDailyreported．可知從5月1日開(kāi)始，北京也進(jìn)入了垃圾分類城市的行列，A選項(xiàng)意為5月1日北京開(kāi)始了垃圾分類，與原文相符，故選A．（2）A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．題目意為其他垃圾與上海的____一樣，根據(jù)第四段Anddrygarbageisthesameasotherwaste．可知干垃圾和其他垃圾是一樣的，故選A．（3）C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．題目意為如果人類不遵守垃圾分類政策，____，根據(jù)第三段Thosewhofailtosorttheirtrashcorrectlymayfacefinesofupto200yuan，Xinhuareported．可知如果沒(méi)有正確分類垃圾可能會(huì)被罰款，故選C．（4）B．段落大意題．題目意為最后一段主要解釋了____，根據(jù)最后一段Tohelpresidentssorttheirtrashcorrectly，theBeijinggovernmentisofferingonlineguidelines．可知為了幫助居民正確分類垃圾，北京政府提供在線指導(dǎo)，因此判斷本段主要講了政府如何幫助居民進(jìn)行垃圾分類，故選B．（5）C．文章來(lái)源題．題目意為我們可以在____里面讀到這篇文章，根據(jù)第二段StartingonMay1，BeijingjoinedmanyChinesecitiesbyintroducinganewgarbage﹣sortingpolicy，People'sDailyreported．可知本文主要講的是有關(guān)垃圾分類的新聞，因此判斷會(huì)在報(bào)紙上看到．故選C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對(duì)，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查．2、

DCBDB3、1.C

2.B

3.A

4.B

5.C【分析】地球的70%被海洋覆蓋著，海洋是地球上大多數(shù)動(dòng)植物的家園，為我們提供了我們呼吸的70%的氧氣．然而海洋正面臨著塑料污染、氣候變化和海水溫度上升等問(wèn)題．聯(lián)合國(guó)確立世界海洋日來(lái)提醒人們海洋的重要性．【解答】（1）C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第1段中"Seventypercentofourplanetiscoveredbyonehugebodyofseawater﹣theocean．"可知地球上的百分之七十被海水覆蓋．故選C．（2）B．段落大意題．通讀第2段內(nèi)容，尤其是根據(jù)第2段內(nèi)容最后一句"Nomatterwhereyouliveontheplanet，nomatterhowfarfromthesea，yourlifeisdependentontheocean．"可知不管你住在地球上的哪個(gè)地方，不管離海有多遠(yuǎn)，你的生活都離不開(kāi)海洋．因此可知本段主要講述的是我們的生活依靠海洋生存．故選B．（3）A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第3段中"Thebiggestproblemfacingtheoceanatthemomentisplasticpollution．"可知海洋面臨的最大問(wèn)題是塑料污染．故選A．（4）B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第4段中"Risingseatemperatureshaveadirectinfluenceonweatherpatternsandareseenaspartlyresponsibleforanincreaseinextremeweather．"可知不斷上升的海水溫度被視為極端天氣增加的部分原因．故選B．（5）C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)最后一段中"Thedayiscelebratedinallkindsofways，includingspecialeventsonthebeach，riverclean﹣ups，schoolactivities，artcontestsandfilmfestivals．"可知人們舉辦特別活動(dòng)來(lái)慶祝世界海洋日．故選C．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】題目要求根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題，主要考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力、從文中提取信息的能力及歸納概括能力．做題時(shí)，要根據(jù)不同的題型分情況作答．4、【短文大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要講述太空漫步。包括什么是太空漫步、太空漫步的原因、太空漫步時(shí)宇航員的安全保障、宇航員如何訓(xùn)練太空漫步以及人類太空漫步的歷史。26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)experimentscanbeplacedontheoutsideofaspacecraft可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)可以放在航天器的外部，而不是所有的實(shí)驗(yàn)都必須都放在航天器的外部，排除B；根據(jù)Anytimeanastronautgetsoutofaspacecraft(航天器)whileinspace,itiscalledaspacewalk可知，任何時(shí)候宇航員在太空中走出飛船被叫做太空漫步，而不是宇航員在太空中任何時(shí)候都可以從宇宙飛船中出來(lái)，偷換概念，排除C；根據(jù)Forexample,experimentscanbeplacedontheoutsideofaspacecraft.Thisletsscientistslearnhowbeinginspaceaffects(影響)differentthings可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)可以在航天器的外部這件事可以讓科學(xué)家知道太空是如何影響不同的事物的，排除D；根據(jù)Bygoingonspacewalks,astronautscanalsofixthingsinsteadofbringingthembacktotheearthtofix可知，通過(guò)太空行走，宇航員可以修東西而不用將他們帶回地球修，故選A。27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whenastronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe、Tokeeptheastronautsandthespacecraftsafe,theastronautsmustleaveandgobacktothespacecraftthroughaspecialdoor、Whenonaspacewalk,astronautsusesafetytetherstostayclosetotheirspacecraft以及AnotherwayastronautsstaysafeduringspacewalksisbywearingaSAFER可知，宇航員可以穿航天服、通過(guò)一個(gè)特別的門離開(kāi)和返回航天器、用安全繩或者穿艙外活動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)便救援裝置，共四種，故選C。28.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)Whenonaspacewalk,astronautsusesafetytetherstostayclosetotheirspacecraft.Tethersarelikeropes,connectthespacewalkerswiththespacecraft可知，當(dāng)太空漫步時(shí)，宇航員使用安全拴繩來(lái)與航天器保持近距離，安全繩像一個(gè)繩子，連接著太空漫步者和航天器。tether像一個(gè)繩子，所以是系繩，故選B。29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Onewayisbygoingforaswim.Floatinginspaceisalotlikefloatinginwater.Astronautspracticespacewalksunderwaterinahugespecialswimmingpool以及Anotherwayastronautspracticeforaspacewalkisbyusingvirtualreality可知，要么去特別的游泳池漂浮練習(xí)太空行走，要么使用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)練習(xí)太空行走，故選B。30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Today,onlythreecountrieshavefinishedspacewalksindependently.TheyareRussia,theUnitedStatesandChina可知，中國(guó)能獨(dú)立地完成太空行走，排除A；根據(jù)Insidespacesuits,astronautshavetheoxygen(氧氣)theyneedtobreatheandthewatertheyneedtodrink可知，宇航員能夠在航天服里呼吸和喝水；根據(jù)SAFERiswornlikeabackpack.Ithelpsanastronautmovearoundinspace可知，宇航員可以在里面移動(dòng)，排除C；根據(jù)ThefirstpersontogoonaspacewalkintheworldwasAlexeiLeonovfromRussia可知，第一個(gè)太空行走的人是蘇聯(lián)的阿里克謝列昂諾夫。故選D。5、【2019?浙江杭州】下面文章中有五處（第16﹣20題）需要添加首句．請(qǐng)從以下選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D、E和F）中選出符合各段意思的首句。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)是多余選項(xiàng)。Whereyousitandhowyoufit16

Formorethanseventyyears,researchersandteachershavestudiedthelinkbetweentheplacewherestudentschoosetositinclassandwhattheyarelikeaspeopleandlearners.Wheredoyouusuallydecidetosit?Haveyoueverreallythoughtaboutthereasonsforyourdecision?17

Butisthisreallytrue?Well,someresearcherssayitisnot.Infact,shystudentsoftenchoosethebackrowbecauseitisfarawayfromtheteacherandtheydon’twanttoanswerquestions.Attheback,studentsprobablywon'tspeakmuch,butinbigclassrooms,itcanbehardtoseetheboardandhearwhattheteacherissaying.Thiscouldbethereasonwhystudentswhosithereoftengetlowergradesontestsandexams.Forstudentswithpooreyesightorhearing,aseatatthebackoftheclassroomisnotagoodchoice.18

However,theylikewatchingandlisteningratherthanjoiningin.Thesestudentsareusuallyalsoverygoodattakingnotes.Nexttimeyoumissacl