動(dòng)詞不定式新東方

7.動(dòng)詞不定式o概述o7.1不定式作賓語o7.2不定式作補(bǔ)語o7.3不定式主語o7.4It,sforsb.和It,sofsb.o7.5不定式作表語o7.6不定式作定語o7.7不定式作狀語o7.8用作介詞的too7.9省to的動(dòng)詞不定式o7.10動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式o7.11不定式的特殊句型too…to…o7.12不定式的特殊句型soastoo7.13不定式的特殊句型Whynoto7.14不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)o7.15動(dòng)名詞與不定式7.1不定式作賓語1）動(dòng)詞+不定式affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecidebothercarechoosecomedaredemanddesiredetermineexpect electendeavorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferought planpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake舉例：Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。2）動(dòng)詞+不定式； 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,helpintendlike,love,needprefer,prepare,promise,want,wish…Iliketokeepeverythingtidy.我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。IwanttospeaktoTom.我想和湯姆談話。IwantyoutospeaktoTom.我想讓你和湯姆談話。3）動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+todecide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ?。Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan,tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。7.2不定式作補(bǔ)語1)動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式(todo)adviseallowappointbelievecausechallengecommandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineimpelinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstate supposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewarn例句：Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠?。Webelievehimtobeguilty.我們相信他是有罪的。Find的特殊用法：Find后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et,have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Ifounditimportanttolearn.IfoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.典型例題：Thenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補(bǔ)足語作用。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。to+be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare（聲稱），discover,fancy（設(shè)想），feelfind,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove, see（理解），show,suppose, take（以為），understandWeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。典型例題CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented答案：A.由considertodosth.排除B、D。.此句只說明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。tobe+形容詞Seem, appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect, mean…Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。therebe+不定式believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWedidn'texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。注意：有些動(dòng)詞需用as短語做補(bǔ)語，如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Marytookhimasherfather.瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。不定式主語It'seasy（forme）todothat.我做這事太容易了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenoughIt'ssonicetohearyourvoice.聽到你的聲音真高興。It'snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。It'sverykindofyoutohelpus.他幫助我們，他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate（考慮周到的），silly,selfish（自私的）例句：Itwassillyofustobelievehim.我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。注意：1）其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型2）不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。3）當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能用Itis…to…的句型（對(duì)）Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。（錯(cuò)）Itistobelievetosee.It'sforsb-和It'sofsb.1）forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。2）ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,rightoIt'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你來幫助我，你真是太好了。for與of的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用0f不通則用for。如：Youarenice.（通順，所以應(yīng)用of）。Heishard.（人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。）不定式作表語不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如：Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.不定式作定語不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Sohemadesomecandlestogivelight.不定式作狀語1）目的狀語To…onlyto（僅僅為了），inorderto,soasto,so（such）…asto…（如此 以便 ）Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我來僅僅是向你告別。2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。WhathaveIsaidtomakeyouangry.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.3）表原因I,mgladtoseeyou.典型例題Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton答案：B.如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式〃結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。用作介詞的toto有兩種用法：一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形；一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞，to在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+名詞/動(dòng)名詞：admitto承認(rèn)， confessto承認(rèn)，beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于，beusedto習(xí)慣于，stickto堅(jiān)持， turnto開始，著手于，devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于，bedevotedto致力于，lookforwardto盼望，payattentionto注意省to的動(dòng)詞不定式1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（除ought外，oughtto）：2）使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make：感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,魚武等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。注意：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.wouldrather，hadbetter：Why…/whynot…：help可帶to，也可不帶to,helpsb(to)dosth：but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。8)由and,or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to可以省去：9)通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后，可以省去tobe：Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。舉例：HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.比較： Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.典型例題 Iusuallygotherebytrain. Whynotbyboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing答案：D.whynot后面接不帶to的不定式，因此選D。Pauldoesn,thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning答案：B.make后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to不可省略。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式Tellhimnottoshutthewindow…ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.我走過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見。典型例題Tellhimthewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut答案：B。tellsbtodosth的否定形式為tellsbnottodosth.ShepretendedmewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen答案：A。pretend后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretendnottodosth.。Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughterafterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriverC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive答案：Aowarnsbtodosth.的否定形式為warnsbnottodosth.此處用的是否定詞never.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto答案：Aonotto為nottodoit的省略形式?？梢灾挥胻o這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B,D不對(duì)。Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnoB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating答案：Co^arn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為bewarnednottodo。不定式的特殊句型too…to…too…to 太…以至于…Heistooexcitedtospeak.他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。----CanIhelpyou?需要我?guī)兔幔?Well,I,mafraidtheboxistooheavyforyoutocarryit,butthankyouallthesame.不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。2)如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定，too后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意為〃不太〃oIt,snevertoolatetomend.(諺語)改過不嫌晚。3)當(dāng)too前面有only,all,but時(shí)，意思是：非?！扔趘ery。I'monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高興能幫助你。Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他非常想回家。不定式的特殊句型soasto表示目的；它的否定式是soasnottodo。Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.湯姆對(duì)事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.輕點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。sokindasto 勞駕Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了。不定式的特殊句型Whynot"Whynot+動(dòng)詞原形〃表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為：〃為什么不……?〃〃干嗎不……?"例如：Whynottakeaholiday?干嗎不去度假？不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)\語態(tài)主動(dòng)