2023年上海版牛津英語(yǔ)4B期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)

４Ｂ期末復(fù)習(xí)資料Chapter1一、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)律:1、可數(shù)名詞以s,x,cｈ,ｓh,部分o結(jié)尾的名詞+esbenｃhｅs，ｂuses,cｌassｅs,ｇlasses，drｅｓsｅｓ，waitresseｓ，foxesboxｅs，pｅａchｅs，sａｎdwiｃhｅs,watches，branchｅs,diｓｈeｓ，bruｓhes，ｆisheｓ，beaches2、輔音＋y結(jié)尾的名詞,去y變ｉ＋esLady---ｌaｄiesｃheｒry－-－ｃhｅrriｅssｔrawberry－--straｗbeｒriｅｓlｉｂrarｙ-－－lｉｂraｒiesfly-－－flｉeslｏｒry---ｌorriesｂoｄｙ---bｏdiesbaby---babieｓstorｙ－--ｓtｏrieｓcity--－ｃiｔiｅsfamｉly－-－families，aｖiａrｙ---aviaｒieｓｐarty---ｐartiesbａｔtery－-－battｅrｉｅs3．以f或ｆｅ結(jié)尾的名詞，去f,ｆe變v＋eｓknifｅ---knivｅs(小刀）woｌｆ---ｗolveslｅaf－-－ｌｅaveｓｓcarf--－scarｖeslifｅ-－-lｉves4、不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)用“／”表達(dá)ｗatｅrjuｉcｅmeatcoffeｅteahairjamｇｌuepaperｉcｅgrasｓriceflｏｕrmilksuｇarbreadbutｔerｃｏrｎhaｙｈoneyfｏodfrｕiｔsandｃoｒnｆiｓｈhomeworｋhairstrinｇ5、不規(guī)則單詞：mａn－-－menchild－--chｉｌdreｎtoｏth---teeｔhfoｏｔ---feetmouse－－-micewｏｍan---women6、單復(fù)數(shù)不變的名詞sheep---sｈeeｐdeeｒ-－-dｅe(cuò)rCｈaｐter２二、反義詞shｏrt－－－long/ｔallbiｇ-－－sｍalｌtａｌl---sｈortold--－young/nｅwnew---ｏlｄlargｅ---liｔtlesmｏoth--－rouｇhhard－--softhot--－coldsｔｒoｎｇ－--wｅａk(軟弱）sharｐ---ｂlunt(鈍的）ｂrave---afrａiｄｂlack－-－wｈｉtethｉn－-－fａt(yī)ｆast－--slｏｗ(慢)quiet－--ｌoudwａrm---coolcｌean-－-dｉrtydｒy--－wｅtfull--hungrysiｔup---staｎdｄｏwntｕrnｏn---ｔuｒnoffｏｐｅn－－-cｌosego－--cｏmebｅhind---infｒontoｆleｆt－--ｒiｇhton---under/ｏffthiｓ---thatｔhｅｓe---ｔhoｓｅpuｔon－－－tａkｅofｆgood---badｉnside--－ouｔsidｅhｅｒｅ－－--tｈeｒｅbｒiｎg--－tａｋehapｐy－－-sａdopen－--cloｓe/shut３7．rise-－－godown3８.bｅfore—aｆter39.alｗａyｓ-－never三、疑問(wèn)代詞1.what什么(對(duì)句子中的賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))2.whatｃolouｒ什么顏色(對(duì)顏色提問(wèn))３.whatｓhape什么形狀（對(duì)形狀提問(wèn))４.wｈaｔtimｅ什么時(shí)間（對(duì)幾點(diǎn)鐘提問(wèn)）5．ｗhere哪里(對(duì)地點(diǎn)／介詞詞組提問(wèn))6．ｗhen什么時(shí)候(對(duì)時(shí)間／年,月，日，星期提問(wèn)7.wｈich哪一個(gè)／哪一些（對(duì)句子中的定語(yǔ)提問(wèn))8．why為什么（對(duì)因素提問(wèn)）９．whｏ誰(shuí)(對(duì)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）１０．ｗhｏse誰(shuí)的(對(duì)所有格提問(wèn)）1１..hoｗ如何(對(duì)方式，限度，身體提問(wèn))1２.ｈｏwmany多少(對(duì)可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量提問(wèn))13．howoｌd幾歲(對(duì)年齡提問(wèn)）14.．hｏwmuch多少(對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量提問(wèn)，對(duì)價(jià)格提問(wèn))四、人稱代詞主格賓格所有格Iｍｅｍyyouyｏuyoｕｒheｈimhiｓshｅherｈeｒｉtititｓweｕsoｕryｏｕyouyｏurｔｈeyｔhemtheir五、同音詞here---hearwhｅre－--wearthｅir－--therｅｍｅe(cuò)t---mｅａｔfｏｒ--－ｆourtoｏ-－-ｔwo-－-toI---eyeknoｗ---nosｅe(cuò)---seapｅar---ｐairdｅar－--deｅrbeｅ---ｂesoｎ---sunｈour---ourbye---by--－buywｒiｔe--－ｒｉｇhtflower--flｏurｋnow－--nｏｗho’s--－whoseＣｈａpｔeｒ３六、時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1）表達(dá)頻繁發(fā)生，反復(fù)發(fā)生，習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的一種狀態(tài)。2）常見單詞：ｏｆtensomｅtimｅsｕsuａllyalｗaysｎeverｅveｒydaｙ3）句子結(jié)構(gòu):★肯定句：主語(yǔ)(第一、二、三復(fù)）+動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)★否認(rèn)句:主語(yǔ)(第一、二、三復(fù))+ｄｏn’t+動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù))＋doesn’t＋動(dòng)詞原形（助動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)詞原形）★一般疑問(wèn)句：Do+主語(yǔ)(第一、二、三復(fù)）+動(dòng)詞原形?Yes,主+do.No,主+ｄoｎ’t.Does＋主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞原形?Yｅs,主+dｏｅs.Ｎo,主+ｄoesn’t.★特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+do+主語(yǔ)（第一、二、三復(fù)）+動(dòng)詞原形?疑問(wèn)詞+does+主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞原形？４)動(dòng)詞第三人稱構(gòu)成★一般情況+s★以s,sh,ｃh,o結(jié)尾加es:ｗatcｈes，ｗａｓhｅｓ，ｃatches，ｂrｕshes,ｇoeｓ★以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,去y加iｅs:caｒries，ｆlies,★特殊情況：have－－-has2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1）表達(dá)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中。2）常見單詞：ｌisｔenｌｏokｎow時(shí)間點(diǎn)3)句子結(jié)構(gòu):★肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞★否認(rèn)句:主語(yǔ)+ｂe+not+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞★一般疑問(wèn)句：Be＋主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞？★特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞＋ｂｅ+主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞？4)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成★一般情況+iｎg★以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾去ｅ加ing:ｄancing,maｋing，taｋｉnｇ,lｉｖing，ｒidｉng,dozｉng，★重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫加ing:pｕttｉng,chatｔinｇ，sittｉｎｇ，diｇging,swimming,rｕｎniｎg,gｅttｉnｇChａpｔｅr4七、語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)1、量詞:aｇlａssofapaiｒofａｂaｒoｆacupofａｂｏｘｏｆaｂoｗlof…1)量詞詞組后面跟不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。agｌassofjuｉce，aboｘｏfcookies2）量詞詞組的單復(fù)數(shù)以量詞前的數(shù)詞為準(zhǔn)：ａｐａｉroｆｓcissｏrｓ單數(shù)ｔwopaiｒｓｏfscissｏrs復(fù)數(shù)2、選擇疑問(wèn)句:1）用or連接兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)部分。2）不能用yｅｓ,no回答。Ｉｓitａnａｐplｅoraｎoｒange?Iｔ’ｓanapｐle.3、詢問(wèn)感官1）用be動(dòng)詞：Howiｓiｔ?Howａｒethｅy？2)用助動(dòng)詞:Hoｗdoeｓitｆｅe(cuò)l／ｓmｅll／tａsｔe?Ｈｏwdｏtheｙfeel／sｍelｌ/tａsｔe？４、ｔｏｈavｅ的句型Whatdoyouｈave?Ihaｖe…Whatdoeshehave?Hｅhａs….．5、詢問(wèn)物主1)句子結(jié)構(gòu):Wｈoｓe+名詞+ｂｅ+主語(yǔ)？主語(yǔ)+be＋物主代詞／所有格+名詞。Whosekｎifeｉstｈiｓ／thaｔ？It’ｓDannｙ’ｓ．Whosebｏokｓarｅtｈese/those？Ｔheｙaremyｂooks．2)名詞所有格的構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞后面加’ｓPeter’ｓｃａt(yī)ｍyｍｏtｈer’scarthｅtｒee’ssｈａdow復(fù)數(shù)名詞后面加’ｔhedｏgs’taiｌsteaｃhers’offiｃeｔｈｅtrees’sｈadows6、介詞用法1）iｎ+季節(jié)、月份、年份、國(guó)家、早、下午、傍晚iｎspriｎginJaｎuaryin199８inCｈina2）ｏn+星期、日期ｏnSundayｏｎJｕneｔｈeｆirst3）at+節(jié)日、時(shí)間點(diǎn)、晚上、周末、中午atsevenｏ’cｌockattheDｏubleNinthＦestiｖaｌ7、時(shí)間表達(dá)法１)直接表達(dá)法：整點(diǎn)：小時(shí)+o’ｃｌｏcktｅnｏ’ｃlock其他時(shí)間：小時(shí)+分鐘fiｖeｆifteen5:15ｔwｅlvefoｒty－five12：45oneｔhirｔｙ1：3０2）間接表達(dá)法：半點(diǎn):hａlfpast+小時(shí)halfpastone1：３0但是半點(diǎn)：分鐘+ｐａｓt＋小時(shí)aｑｕartｅｒｐasｔfｉvｅ５:１5過(guò)半點(diǎn)：幾點(diǎn)差幾分分鐘+tｏ+小時(shí)ａquａｒtertｏonｅ１2:45８、let＋賓格+動(dòng)詞原形。9、球類前面不加the,樂(lè)器前面要加tｈeＰl(wèi)ayfoｏtballplａｙｔhｅｐｉano１0、游泳課程須知swimmingcｌasｓ游泳需要：aswiｍｓuitａswｉmmingｃapａpaiｒoｆｓwimminｇgoggｌes游泳前（befｏre):dｏwarm-upexercisescleanyourbody游泳后(after)：cleanyouｒboｄy游泳好處：Ｓwｉmｍｉngiｓfun.Itmakｅsyｏuheａltｈyanｄstｒoｎg.11、動(dòng)物食性:Ｃat---fishdog---bonesparｒｏｔ-－--corntortoiｓe-－---meat12、房間以及相應(yīng)的功能bｅｄｒoom---sleｅplｉｖingroom----watchTV(tele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