2023年12月大學英語四級試題

２０2３年１２月大學英語四級考試真題ParｔIWritｉnｇ(30ｍinutes)Dirｅctioｎs：Fｏｒｔｈispaｒt,ｙouａreallｏwed３0mｉｎuｔestowriｔeashｏrｔｅssａｙentitｌedHｏwＳhouｌｄParentsHelpＣhｉlｄｒentoBeＩndependent?Ｙoushｏuｌdwritｅａt(yī)ｌｅast1５0wordsfollowinｇthｅoutlineｇivｅｎｂｅlｏw.1．目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切２.為了讓孩子獨立,父母應當……HoｗShouｌdParenｔｓＨelpＣhiｌdreｎtoBｅInｄepenｄent?.?．.ＰartＩＩReadingComprehenｓiｏn(SkimｍiｎｇandScannｉng）(１5miｎuｔes)Diｒｅctｉoｎs：Inthiｓpart，youwillｈaｖｅ15mｉnutesｔogooverthepａssａgeｑuiｃklyanｄaｎswertｈeｑuestionsonAｎｓwerSheet1．Ｆorquｅstions１-7,ｃhooseｔｈebestaｎsｗｅrｆromtｈefoｕrcｈoiｃesmaｒkeｄ［Ａ],［Ｂ],[Ｃ］and［D].Fｏrquｅstions8-10,ｃomｐletethesenteｎceｓwｉtｈtheiｎformationgiｖenｉｎthｅpａsｓage．AGrａｓsroｏtsＲemeｄyMｏsｔoｆusspenｄouｒｌivesseekinｇtｈenａt(yī)ｕｒalｗorld.Tｏｔhisｅnd，weｗalkthedｏｇ,pｌaygolf,gｏfｉshinｇ,ｓitiｎtheｇarden，ｄrinkｏutsideｒaｔherｔhanｉnsideｔｈeｐub,haveaｐicniｃ,liveinthesuburbs,gｏtoｔｈeｓeasiｄe,ｂｕyawｅeｋｅｎｄplaceｉntｈｅcoｕｎtrｙ.TｈemｏstpｏｐularｌｅiｓureacｔivityinBritainisgoiｎgfｏｒawaｌｋ．Ａnｄwhenjoggeｒs（慢跑者)jog,ｔheydon’trｕnthｅｓｔrｅets.Evｅｒyoneofｔheminｓｔinctｉveｌyhｅadｓtｏtheparkortｈerivｅｒ.Itｉｓfounｄbｅｌｉefｔhａt(yī)nｏtonlｙｄｏwｅaｌlｎeedｎatuｒe,butｗｅａllseeknature,ｗｈｅthｅrｗｅｋnｏwwearｅdoｉnｇsｏornot.Bｕtｄｅｓpiｔeｔhis,ourchilｄrenareｇrｏｗinguｐnａt(yī)ｕre－ｄepｒived(喪失).IspeｎtｍｙｂoyｈoodcliｍbingtrｅesonStreａt(yī)hａmCommon,SｏuthLｏnｄon.Thesedays,cｈｉldrｅｎarｅroｂbedofthesｅancientfreedoms,duetopｒoblｅmslikecｒime,ｔｒaｆfic,ｔｈeｌossoftｈeopenspaceｓaｎｄoddneｗpercepｔionsａｂoutｗhａt(yī)isbestforcｈildrｅn,ｔｈaｔisｔｏsay,tｈｉnｇｓthatcanbeｂought,ｒathｅｒｔhanthingｓｔｈatcａnbｅｆound.Theｔruthistｏｂefｏuｎdｅlseｗherｅ.ＡstudyinthｅUS:famiｌiｅshaｄmovedtobetteｒhousingandthechildｒｅnwereassesseｄfoｒADHD—ａt(yī)ｔentiondefｉｃitｈypｅｒactiｖitydiｓordｅｒ(多動癥).Thosewhoseａccomｍｏdatioｎｈadmorenａｔuraｌvｉｅwｓshowedaｎｉmpｒｏveｍｅntof１9%;thｏsewｈohadthesameｉｍprovementinmaterialsｕrrｏｕｎdinｇsbutnonｉceｖiewimproｖｅdjｕsｔ4%．AstudyinSｗedenindｉｃatedthaｔkindｅrgarｔenchilｄrｅnwhｏｃouｌdplayiｎanaｔuralenviｒonｍenｔhadlesｓillnessａｎdｇｒeatｅrphysｉｃalaｂilitythanｃhｉｌdrenuｓeｄonｌｙtoａnormaｌｐlaｙgrｏund.ＡUSｓtudysuggｅｓtedｔhatwhenaschｏoｌgavecｈildｒenacceｓstｏanaｔuｒaｌｅｎvｉronment，academiｃleｖelswererａisedacｒｏｓsｔheeｎtirｅschooｌ.Anotｈｅrstudyfouｎdthａt(yī)chiｌdrｅnpｌaｙdｉfferｅnｔｌｙinanａt(yī)uｒalｅnvirｏnmenｔ．Inplayｇｒouｎdｓ,cｈildrｅncreaｔeａｈｉerarｃhy(等級）baｓedｏnpｈysicalabｉｌｉties,witｈｔhetouｇhonｅstａｋingtheleａd．Butwｈenaｇrassyareaｗasplａntｅdwｉｔhｂuｓhes,thechildｒenｇotmｕchmoｒeinｔofaｎｔaｓyplａｙ，aｎｄtｈesocｉａlhierarｃｈywasnowbａsedoniｍagiｎａt(yī)ioｎandcreativity.Mostbullyinｇ(恃強凌弱）ｉsfｏｕｎdinschoolsｗｈerｅthereisataｒmac(柏油碎石）playgroｕnd；theleastbuｌlｙingisinａnatuｒaｌａreathatｔheｃhｉlｄrenａreeｎcourageｄtoexｐlorｅ．ThiｓremｉｎｄｓmeuｎpleaｓanｔlyofSｕｎｎｙhiｌｌSchoｏlinＳtreaｔｈａm，withitsｈarsｈtａrｍac，wｈereIuseｄｔohaｎｇabｏutincｏｒｎｅrsfａnｔasisingaboutwilｄlife.Ｂｕtcｈｉｌdrenaｒeｆrｅquenｔｌydisｃourageｄfromiｎvoｌｖemｅnｔｗithnaｔuralｓpaces,ｆｏrhｅalｔhandｓafetyｒeaｓoｎｓ,forfｅarthａt(yī)theｙmightgetdｉｒtyｏrthａt(yī)ｔhｅymｉghtｃauｓｅｄaｍage.Sｏ，instead,thｅｄamageisdonetｏtｈeｃhilｄrentｈeｍｓｅlves：noｔtotheirbodiesｂuttoｔｈeirsouls.OｎeoftｈeｇreａｔproblemｓoｆｍodｅｒnchilｄhoodｉｓＡDHＤ,nowincｒeasｉnglｙaｎdexpensｉvｅｌyｔreａt(yī)ｅdwiｔhdrｕgｓ．Yeｔoneｓｔudyafteranoｔherinｄicaｔesthａt(yī)contaｃtwithnaｔuｒｅgiveshuｇebenefiｔstｏADHDｃhｉｌdrｅｎ.However,wespenｄmoneyｏndrugsｒathｅrtｈanoｎgreｅｎpｌaｃes.Ｔhelｉfeｏfolｄｐeopleismｅasurａblyｂｅｔteｒｗｈｅntｈｅyhaveacｃesstｏnature.Ｔhｅincreaｓingemphasｉsｆorｔhｅgrowiｎｇpoｐulatioｎofｏldｐｅoｐｌeisinquaｌitｙratｈertｈanquantityofyeａrs.Anｄｓtｕｄｙaftｅrsｔudyｆｉnｄsthatａgardenisthｅsｉnglemostiｍportａnttｈingｉnｆiｎｄiｎgthaｔqｕality．Inwiderandmoｒedｉfficultａreasｏflifｅ，therｅisevｉdencetoiｎdicａｔethatnatuｒalsurroundingsimpｒｏvｅallｋindsofthings．Evenprｏｂlemswiｔhcｒimｅａｎdａｇｇｒesｓivｅbehaviouraｒeｒedｕｃｅdwhｅntherｅiscontactwitｈtｈｅnatｕｒａlworld.DrWillｉamBiｒd,reｓearｃherｆrｏmtheRoyalSocieｔyｆortｈｅProtecｔｉoｎｏfＢirｄs,statesinhiｓstudy,“Anatｕｒalenｖiｒonmenｔｃａｎreｄucｅvｉolｅntｂeｈavｉoｕｒbeｃauseitsreｓｔorａt(yī)iveｐrｏceｓｓhｅｌpsreｄuｃｅangeｒandimpｕlsiｖeｂehaviｏur.”Wildplaｃesnｅｅdｅncｏuｒagingforthisreasｏｎ,noｍatterhowsmａｌlｔheirｃontrｉｂuｔｉon.Wｅtendtoｌookｏｎｎatureｃｏｎservａt(yī)ionassoｍｅkiｎdoffavourthathｕmanbeｉngsａｒｅgraｎtingtothｅnatuｒalwoｒｌd.Tｈeerｒoｒｈereiｓfaｒtoｏdeep:notoｎlｙdohumansnｅeｄnａt(yī)urefortheｍｓeｌvｅs，ｂｕｔthevｅrｙidｅaｔhａt(yī)hｕmaｎｉtyandｔhenatｕralworldaresｅpａrablethingsｉsｐｒoｆoｕｎｄｌｙdamaging.Humaｎbｅingsareａspｅｃiesｏfmaｍmals（哺乳動物）.Ｆorｓeｖｅnmiｌｌionyｅarｓｔhｅyｌivedonthｅpｌanetaｓparｔoｆｎａｔure.Oｕranｃeｓtralsｅlveｓｍissthｅｎaturalworldaｎｄｌongfｏrｃｏｎtaｃtｗithnon-hｕｍaｎlｉfe.Anyonewhohasｐattedadog,ｓtroｋｅdacat,ｓaｔunderatreewｉthapiｎtofbeeｒ，givenorreceivｅdaｂuｎchｏfflowerｓｏrchｏsenｔoｗaｌkthroughｔhepａrkonanicedａｙ,understanｄsthａt(yī).Ｗeneｅdtheｗildworｌd.Itisesｓeｎtialtｏourwｅll－ｂeing,ｏurｈｅaltｈ,ourｈaｐpinｅｓｓ.Wｉthｏｕtthewｉldwoｒldweaｒenotmｏrebｕtlｅsscivilised.Wｉｔhouｔotｈerlivingthingsaｒoｕnduswearelｅsｓthaｎｈuman.ＦivewaｙstofiｎdhａｒmｏnywithtｈｅｎaturalworlｄWaｌk:Ｂｒeaktherｈythｍofpｅrmａneｎtlybeｉnｇunｄerarｏof.Ｇetoffastopeａrlier,ｍakｅacircuitoftheparｋａt(yī)ｌunchtime,ｗａlkｔheｃhildtoandfｒomschｏoｌ,getadoｇ,ｆｅeｌyourselfmoｖinｇｉnｍovingaｉr,ｌooｋ,listeｎ，ａｂｓoｒb.Sｉt:Takeaｍｏｍent,evｅrynowａndthen，tobestｉｌlｉnａnopｅnspａce．Ｉnthegardｅn,anywheｒethａt(yī)’ｓnｏtintheoｆficｅ,anywhｅreoutｏftheｈousｅ,awａyfroｍtheroｕtine.Sｉtundeｒatree,lookatwatｅr,feｅlrefrｅshｅd,eveｒsoslightｌｙｒeneｗed.Dｒink:Ｔheｂｅstwaytoenｊoytｈenaturaｌｗｏrｌdiｓbyｙoｕrｓｅｌｆ;ｔｈesｅcoｎdbestwayiｓｉpany.Takｅａdrinｋouｔsｉdewｉthagoodperson,aｇooｄgaｔheｒiｎg:ｔａlkwitｈthesｕnaｎdｔｈewindwｉthbirｄsoｎgforbaｃkgrouｎd.Learｎ:Expandｙourbｏuｎdarieｓ．Leaｒnｆiｖesｐeciｅsofｂird,ｆｉｖebutteｒfｌiｅs,fｉveｔrees,fｉvｅbｉrdｓonｇs.Thatway,yｏuseeaｎdhearmoｒe:andyｏｕrｍiｎdrｅｓpｏｎｄsgrａt(yī)efｕllｙtｏthegreateｒamoｕｎtofwildｎessinｙourｌife.Tｒaｖel：Ｔheplａｃesｙｏuaｌｗａyswantedｔovｉsiｔ：ｂythｅｓｅasidｅ,ｉnthｅｃountry,intheｈiｌｌｓ.Takeawｅｅkeｎdｂreaｋ,ａｄay-tｒip,ｇetoutthereanddoit:ｆorｔhescenery,fｏrthｅwayｔｈrｏｕghthewooｄs,ｆｏrｔｈｅbiｒds,forthebeｅs.Gosomewhｅｒｅspｅcialandbriｎgsｐecialnｅssｈoｍe．Itlaｓtsfoｒeｖer,afterall．注意:此部分試題請在答題卡１上作答。１．Whatistｈeaｕthoｒ’spｒｏfouｎdbeｌiｅf?[A]Peoｐｌｅinstinctiveｌyｓｅeknatｕreｉndｉffeｒentwaｙｓ.［B]Peoplｅsｈouldsｐｅndmostｏfｔheirlivesｉnthewild．[Ｃ]Pｅopｌehａvｅquｉtediffｅreｎtpeｒceptionｓｏfｎaｔurｅ.[D]Pｅoｐlemuｓtｍakemoreefｆoｒｔstostudｙｎature.2.Ｗhatdoeｓtheaｕthoｒｓａypeoplｅprｅfｅrfoｒtheirｃhildrennoｗadaｙs?[Ａ]Peｒsoｎalfｒｅedｏm.[B]Thiｎgｓthａt(yī)areｎａt(yī)ｕral.[Ｃ]Urｂaｎsurrounｄings.[D］Thingsthatarepuｒchaseｄ.3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedｅnｓhow?[A]Tｈenatuｒａlenvｉronmeｎｔcanhelｐchildｒenlｅａrnbetter.[Ｂ]Mｏｒeaccｅssｔonatuｒemaｋeｓcｈildrenｌessｌikelyｔofａｌlill.［C]Agoodplaｙgrouｎdhｅｌpskidｓdevelopthｅｉrphyｓicaｌａｂilities.［D]Ｎａt(yī)ｕraｌviewscaｎｐrevｅntchildrenfｒomdeｖｅｌopinｇADＨD.4.Ｃhｉｌdｒenｗhohavecｈanceｓtｏｅxplorenaturaｌａｒeas________.[Ａ]tenｄtodevelopaｓtroｎｇlｏvefｏrsｃiｅnce[Ｂ]aremoｒｅｌikelytｏfantａｓiseaboｕtwｉldlｉfｅ[C]tendtobeｐhysicａllytougherinadulthoｏｄ[Ｄ］ａrｅlesslikｅlｙtｏbeinｖolvｅｄinbuｌlｙinｇ5.WhatdoeｓtheａuｔhorsｕggｅｓtwedotｏhelpchilｄrenwiｔhADHD?[A]Fiｎdmoreeｆfectivedrｕgsfoｒthem.［B］Proｖiｄemoregｒｅeｎspaceｓfｏrｔhｅm．［C]Pｌacetheｍuｎdermorepｅrsonａlcare.[D]Engａgetｈemiｎmoｒemｅaｎiｎgfulactｉviｔieｓ.6.Inｗhａt(yī)waydｏeldeｒlｙpｅopleｂeｎeｆｉtfromｔｈeｉｒｃoｎtａctwiｔhnaｔure?[A]Theｙlookonliｆeopｔimistｉcａlly.[C]Tｈｅyａreａｂleｔoｌiｖeloｎgｅr．[B］Theyenｊoyaｌifeｏfｂeｔterqｕality.[D］Thｅybeｃoｍegood-hｕmｏureｄ.7.ＤrWilliaｍBiｒdsuggestsiｎhｉｓstudythat＿__＿____.［A］hｕmanityanｄnatureａreｃompleｍentarytｏｅaｃhoｔｈｅr[B]ｗilｄｐlaｃesｍaｙinduｃeｉmpulsivebehａｖｉouriｎpｅoｐle[C]ａccｅsｓtｏnaturecontributesｔotherｅdｕcｔｉｏnｏfvioleｎce[Ｄ]ittakesaｌｏngtｉmeｔoｒｅstorenatuｒeoncedamagｅd8.Ｉｔiseｘtreｍelyhaｒｍfuｌtothinkthaｔhｕmanityandthｅnatuｒａlworldｃａnbｅ＿_＿____＿＿_＿___＿＿＿＿__＿__＿.9.Theａｕthoｒｂeliｅvesthatｗewouｌdｎｏtbesocivilｉseｄwithout___＿＿_＿___＿___＿___＿____＿.1０.Thefiｖｅｓuggesｔｉoｎsｔheauthorgｉvｅsａt(yī)tｈeeｎdoｆthepassaｇearemｅaｎttoencoｕragｅpeｏpｌeｔｏseek＿____＿____＿____＿_withthenatｕraｌwoｒld．ParｔIＩIListeningＣｏmprehｅnsiｏn(3５minuｔeｓ)SｅctionＡDirecｔｉｏnｓ：Ｉnthｉｓsectｉon,youwillheaｒ8shorｔｃｏｎｖersatioｎsaｎd2lｏngcｏｎｖersationｓ.Aｔtheｅndofeachconverｓation,ｏneormorequeｓtｉonswillｂｅaskｅdabｏuｔwｈatwassaｉd.Ｂoｔhtｈeconｖersaｔｉonａndtｈeｑｕestionsｗiｌlbｅspokｅnｏnlｙonce.Afteｒｅachｑｕesｔionｔｈｅrｅwillbeａpause.Duriｎgｔhepause,yｏumustreadtｈeｆｏurchｏicesｍaｒｋｅd[Ａ］,[B]，[C]anｄ[D],ａnｄdecideｗｈicｈisthebeｓtanｓｗｅｒ.ThenmarkthecorrｅspondiｎgｌeｔteronＡｎｓwerSheｅｔ２ｗｉthasiｎgleliｎethrｏｕｇhtｈｅｃｅnｔrｅ.注意:此部分試題請在答題卡２上作答。11．[A]Ｔhｅｍanｓhouldvisitｔhemｕseｕms.[C]Thebeａchreｓortｉsaｇoｏdchｏicｅ.[Ｂ]Shecan’tｓｔaｎdthehｏtweaｔｈeｒ.[D]SheｅnjoysｓtayｉｎgiｎWaｓhingtoｎ.12．[A］Hｅrｎｅwrｅsｐｏｎsibiｌｉtiｅsｉntheｃｏmpaｎy．[B］Ｗhatｈerjoｂｐｒｏspｅctsarｅ.［Ｃ]Wｈａt(yī)thecｕｓtｏmers’ｆｅeｄｂackis.[D］Theｄiｒectoｒ’sopｉnionofｈeｒｗoｒk.13.[A］Combinehertrａinｉngwｉｔｈｄietiｎg.［B]Reｐeatｔｈｅtrainｉｎgｅverｙthrｅｅdays.[C]Avoidexcessｉveｐｈyｓicaltraining.[D］Ｉncｌuｄeweｉghtliftingｉntｈeproｇｒam.14.[A]Whenｓhｅwｉｌlrｅturnhoｍe.[B］Whethｅrshｅcaｎgobyherｓelf．［Ｃ］Whetheｒshｅcantravelｂyａir.［D]Ｗｈｅnsｈeｗillｃompletelｙreｃovｅr.15.[A]Thewomankｎowshｏｗtodealｗiththｅｐｏliｃe.[Ｂ]Ｔheｗomanhaｄbeenfiｎedmaｎytｉmesｂｅfore.[C]Ｔｈewoｍaｎhadvｉolａｔedｔrａfｆicregulatioｎs.[D］Thewｏmanisgoｏdatｆｉndinｇexcuseｓ.16.[A]Switｃｈｏfftｈeｒｅfrigeratorｆoｒａｗｈile．[B］Hａveｓomeonereｐａｉrtherefｒiｇeraｔoｒ．[Ｃ]Asｋthemａntofiｘｔherefrigｅratｏr.[D］Ｂuyarefrigerａｔorofbｅｔterquａｌity.1７.［Ａ]Heownsapieceoｆlａｎｄintｈｅdowntownａrea．［B]Hehasgotｅnouｇhmoｎeytobｕyaｈousｅ．[C]Ｈecanｆinaｌlydowｈathehaｓdreａmeｄoｆ．[D］Ｈeiｓmoｖingiｎｔoａｂiggerａpａrtmｅnt．18．[A]Sheisblacｋanｄblｕｅallover.[Ｂ]Ｓｈeｈaｓtogｏtｏseeａｄoctｏr．［Ｃ]Ｓhesｔayedａwayfromwoｒｋｆｏｒａfewdays.[D］Ｓhｅgotｈurtiｎａnacｃｉdentyeｓｔerday.Questiｏnｓ１9to21areｂａseｄontheconversaｔioｎyouｈavｅjustheaｒｄ.19.[A］Shｅwａsabankmａnａgｅr.[B]Shewaｓaｖiｃtiｍoftherｏbbery.［Ｃ］Shewａsａdefenｃelawyer.[Ｄ］Ｓhｅwasawiｔneｓｓtoｔhｅcｒimｅ.20.[A]Aｔallmanwiｔhdarkｈａirａｎｄamｏustachｅ．[B］Ayouthｗｉthａｄistｉnｇｕishｉnｇmａrkｏnhｉsface.[C]Ａｔｈirtｙ-yeaｒ-oldｇｕｙｗｅariｎgａlightsweaｔeｒ.［D］Amediuｍ－ｓizedyoｕｎｇmancarｒyｉngagun.21.[A]Idｅｎtifｙtｈesuspeｃtfｒomｐictureｓ.[Ｃ]Ｈａｖeｈｅｒpｈototakenfoｒtheirfiｌeｓ.[B]Goｕｐsｔairstｏｓignsoｍｅdocumeｎt.[Ｄ]Vｅrifyｔhereｃorｄofwhatshehadsａid.Qｕesｔionｓ２2to25arebasedontheｃonvｅrsationyｏuｈavejｕstheaｒd.２2．［Ａ]Byｒｅadinｇaｎewspaperad.[B]BｙｓｅeiｎｇacoｍmｅrcialoｎTV.[C］Bylisｔeｎinｇtothemｏrningnews.［D]Bycalｌinganempｌｏymentsｅrviｃe．２3．[Ａ］Sｈeｃｏuldimproｖeheｒforeignlanｇuages.[B]Shｅcouldworｋcloｓeｔoｈeｒｆamily.［Ｃ]Ｓhecｏuｌdtrａveloverseasfreqｕentlｙ．[Ｄ]Ｓhecoulduseherprｅvｉousexperｉｅnces．24.[A]Takingmａnａgeｍｅnｔcｏurses.[B]ＴeａchingEｎｇlisｈatａuniversity．[C］Ｗorkingａsaｓｅcreｔａry.[Ｄ]StudｙｉｎｇfｏraｄｅgrｅｅｉnＦｒｅnｃｈ.25.[A］Pｒeparefoｒaｎｉｎterviewｉｎacoｕｐｌeｏｆｄays.［B]Ｒeadｔheadveｒｔｉｓemeｎtagａinformｏreｄeｔaｉlｓ.[C]Senｄiｎａwｒｉtｔenapplｉcationaｓsｏoｎasｐｏssible.[D］Geｔtokｎowtｈecａnｄidaｔｅｓoｎtheshoｒtlist.SectiｏnBＤirectioｎｓ：Ｉｎthissectiｏn，youwiｌlｈeａr3shｏ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ofｔheｓecharaｃｔｅristiｃsareiｎfluencedbynaｔureandｎurture（養(yǎng)育),bygenetｉcmakeupandtheenvironmenｔ.Incｒｅasinglｙ,sciｅnce54ｔhatgeneｓlaytｈｅgrounｄworkｆｏrmａｎyhuｍantｒaits.Fromthiｓperspｅctｉｖe,ｐeoｐleaｒeborｎ5５likeundevｅlｏpedphotographs:Ｔheiｍａｇeisaｌreadｙcａｐtureｄ，bｕttheｗayit56apｐeaｒｓｃanvarｙbaｓedｏntheｄevelopmenｔprｏcess.Howｅver,theｂａsicpｉctｕｒeistherｅｆrｏmtｈｅｂeｇinｎｉｎg．注意:此部分試題請在答題卡２上作答。[A]aｂilitieｓ[I]extｅnt[Ｂ]ａcｈieｖｅ[Ｊ]iｎｄicａt(yī)es[C]aｐpeal[K]proceｅds[D]coｍplaiｎts[L]psｙcｈolｏgical[E]ｃontribｕtions[Ｍ]rａised[Ｆ]disｐlaｙed[Ｎ］smart［G]ｅssｅntially［O]stａnｄａrd［H]evenｔuａllｙSｅｃtionBDirections:Ｔhereare2ｐａssａｇesinｔhissecｔiｏｎ.Eachｐasｓaｇeisfｏllowedbysｏmeｑuestｉｏnsoｒunfiniｓhedstatｅｍenｔs.Fｏreａcｈoｆｔhｅmtherearefourcｈoicesmaｒkeｄ[Ａ],[B],[Ｃ]and［D].YｏushoｕldｄｅcideonthebestchoiceandmaｒkｔｈｅcoｒｒesｐonｄinglｅtterｏnAnswerShｅet2ｗiｔhasiｎgｌelinethrｏughｔｈeceｎｔre．PaｓsａｇeOｎｅQueｓｔions57to61ａrebａsedonthefolloｗｉngｐａssage．Iｔiｓｐrettymuchaoｎe-waystreｅｔ.Ｗhｉleiｔmaybeｃommｏnfｏｒｕniverｓｉtyreseａｒchｅrstotrytｈｅirluｃkｉｎtｈｅcommerｃｉａlworld，thereisvｅryｌittleｔｒaｆfｉcｉnｔheoppｏsiｔedirection.Ｐayｈasalwａysbｅｅｎthebiggestｄeterrent,ａsｐeｏplewｉthfamｉｌieｓoftenfeeｌthｅｙｃaｎnoｔaffordthedropiｎsaｌarｙwhenmｏvinｇtoauniｖeｒsiｔyｊob.Fｏｒsomeｉｎdusｔｒialｓcieｎtists,ｈｏwevｅr，theａｔtｒactionsofacademia(學術(shù)界)ouｔweｉghaｎyfiｎaｎｃialconsｉderations.HｅlｅnＬｅｅtoｏｋa７0%cｕtiｎsaｌaryｗhｅｎsheｍoｖedfｒomasenｉorｐoｓtinAbbｏtｔLabｏｒａt(yī)orieｓtoａmediｃalｄepartmentａｔｔheUnｉｖersityoｆＣａｍbridｇe.Herｍaiｎreasonforrｅtｕｒnｉｎgtｏacademｉaｍiｄ－ｃareeｒwａｓtotakeadvantageoftｈegreaterfreedｏmtｏｃhｏｏseresearchquestｉons.Ｓoｍearｅａsofiｎquiｒyhavefｅwprｏspｅctsofmerｃialｒｅturn，andLｅe’sisoｎeoｆthem.Thｅｉmpａｃｔｏfasalaryｃutｉsprobablｙlesssｅvereforasciｅｎtisｔinｔhｅearlystageｓofaｃareｅr.GuyGraｎt,nowareｓｅaｒchaｓｓoｃiａt(yī)eattheUnileveｒCentrefoｒMoleｃulａｒInforｍaticsａt(yī)theUnivｅrsityｏfCaｍbriｄｇe,spenttwoyｅａrｓｗｏｒkingforapｈarｍacｅuticａｌ（制藥的)companybeｆorereturnｉnｇtｏunｉversityａｓａpｏsｔ-doｃｔorａｌresearcher.Hetookａ30%ｓalarycｕｔbutfeｌtitwoｒｔhwhileforthegreａt(yī)eｒｉｎｔｅｌleｃtuaｌｏｐｐortunities．Ｈigheruｐtheladder，wｈｅrｅapayｃutisusｕallｙmoresｉgｎifｉcanｔ,thedemａndｆorsciｅntistswｉtｈaweaｌthofexperｉenｃｅinｉndusｔryiｓforcinguniｖeｒsitiｅsｔomakｅthetｒansition(轉(zhuǎn)換)toａcaｄeｍiamoreattractivｅ,accｏrdiｎgｔｏLee.Iｎdｕstriａlscｉentiststeｎdtoreceｉｖｅｔｒaｉningｔhaｔaｃａdemｉcsdonot,ｓuchashowtobuiｌdａmulｔidiｓciｐlinaryteam，manaｇebudgetsanｄｎegotｉatecｏntｒaｃts.Thｅｙａrealsoｗeｌlplaｃeｄtobringsｏｍeｔｈingextratotｈeteachinｇsideofaｎacadｅmicrｏlｅｔｈaｔwｉlｌｈelpｓｔuｄｅntｓgetaｊｏbwhｅntｈeygraduａt(yī)e,saysLee,ｐeｒhａｐsｅxpeｒienｃeinmanufａctuｒingｐrａcticｅorｐroduｃｔdeveｌoｐment.“Onlyａsmaｌlnumberofuｎdergｒａduaｔeｓwiｌlcontｉnｕｅiｎanacadｅmiｃcareeｒ．Sosｏmeoneleａviｎgunivｅrsiｔywhoalｒeａdyhａstｈeskiｌlsｎeｅdedｔoworkｉｎａnｉndusｔrｉallabhasｆarmoｒepotentiａlｉnthｅjoｂmarkettｈanｓomeｏnewhoｈasspｅntａlltheirtimeonanarroｗｒesearｃhproject.”注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。57.By“aｏne-waysｔreet”（Lｉne１，Para.1）,theauthormｅanｓ_＿＿_＿＿＿_．[A]univeｒsｉtyｒeｓearcｈersｋnowlｉttleaboutｔhｅcoｍｍｅｒｃiａｌworlｄ[B]theｒeｉｓｌｉｔtlｅexcｈangｅｂｅｔweｅｎｉｎdusｔryandacaｄemia[C]fｅwindusｔrｉalscientisｔswouldqｕitｔoworｋinａuniversity[D]feｗuniｖeｒsityprｏfessorｓａrｅwilliｎgtoｄoindusｔｒialresｅａrch58.Thｅｗｏｒd“dｅｔeｒrｅnｔ”(Ｌｉnｅ2，Para.１)ｍostｐrobablｙｒeferｓtosoｍethｉｎgｔｈaｔ＿__＿_＿__.[A]keeｐssomｅｏnefrｏmtaｋiｎgacｔion[Ｃ]attrａｃtspeoｐlｅ’sattｅｎtion[B］helpstomｏｖethetraｆfic［D]bringｓsｏmeoneafｉnancｉalburden59．ＷhatwａsHeｌeｎＬee’smajorcoｎsiｄeｒａt(yī)ｉｏｎwｈenｓｈecｈanｇedhｅｒjｏｂintｈｅmiddleoｆhercarｅer?[A]Flｅｘiblｅworkhoｕrs．[C]Hｅrprefeｒencｅfｏrｔhelifeｓtyleoｎｃamｐus．[B]Herresearchintｅresｔｓ．［D]Prosｐeｃtｓofａcadｅmｉcａccompliｓhmenｔs.60.GｕyGraｎtchosetoworkasａresearｃｈeratＣaｍbridｇｅinoｒderto__＿＿____.[A]dｏfinanciａllｙmorerｅwardingwｏrk[B]ｒaisehiｓstａt(yī)usinｔheacaｄeｍicworld[Ｃ］enｒiｃhｈiseｘperiencｅinｍedｉcaｌreseａrch[D]exploｉtbettｅrｉnteｌlecｔuaｌopportunitｉｅs６1.Whaｔcｏｎｔributiｏnｃａnindustｒialsｃｉｅntistsmakeｗhｅntｈeycｏｍetoteachｉnaｕniveｒsity？[A］Ｉncreasｅiｔsgraduates’competｉｔｉvenessｉｎｔｈejobmarkeｔ．[Ｂ]Ｄevｅloｐｉtｓstudeｎｔs’poteｎtｉaｌｉnｒeseａｒcｈ．［Ｃ]Helｐittoobtaｉｎｆinａnciaｌｓｕｐｐｏrtfrｏmｉｎduｓtｒy.[Ｄ]Gearitｓｒesearｃhtowaｒdspracｔicaｌappliｃationｓ．ＰasｓagｅTwoQuｅｓtｉons62ｔｏ66arebaｓedonthefollｏwiｎｇpassａge.Ｂeingsociaｂleloｏｋｓｌiｋｅagoodwaytoaｄdｙeａrstoyourｌiｆｅ.Relatｉonshiｐswithfａｍily，fｒienｄｓ,nｅighｂｏｕｒｓ,evenpets,ｗilｌａlｌｄotheｔrick,buttheｂｉggestlongevity(長壽)ｂooｓtseemsｔocomefrommarｒiａgeoｒanｅquivalentｒｅlａt(yī)ｉonｓhiｐ.Ｔheeffectｗasｆｉrstnotｅｄin１８5８bｙWｉｌliaｍＦａrr,whowｒoｔetｈatwidｏwsandwidowers(鰥夫)ｗeｒeatamuｃｈhighｅｒrisｋofｄｙingtｈanｔｈｅiｒmａrｒiedｐeers.Stｕdｉｅｓｓｉncｅthenｓugｇestthatmarｒiageｃouldaｄｄaｓmuchaｓｓevｅnyearstoaｍan’slｉfeａndtwotoａwoｍan’s.Theeffectholdsforallcauseｓｏfdｅath,wｈetｈerｉllnｅｓs，ａccｉdentorself-harm.Ｅvｅnｉｆthｅoddｓareｓｔackeｄagainｓｔｙou，marriagecaｎｍoｒetｈａnｃompensate．LindaＷaiteoftheＵｎｉversitｙofＣhicagohasfoundthaｔaｍarrieｄolderｍanwithｈｅａｒtdiｓeasｅcａnexｐeｃttｏliveneａrｌyfoｕryeａrｓlonｇerｔhaｎａnunmarriedｍanwitｈahealtｈyheａrｔ.Ｌikｅwise,amarriｅｄmanwｈosｍoｋesmorethanａｐackadayislikelytolivｅasloｎｇasadivorceｄmａnwｈoｄoesn’ｔsmｏkｅ.There’ｓaflipsidｅ，however,ａsｐaｒｔnersａrｅｍoreｌikelytobecｏｍeｉlｌorｄiｅiｎthecoｕｐleofｙｅａrsfｏllowingtheirspｏuｓe’sdeａt(yī)h,ａndｃaringfｏrａspousewitｈmeｎｔaldｉsorderｃanleaｖeyouwithsomeｏfｔｈｅｓaｍeseｖereｐｒoblemｓ.Eｖensｏ,theoddsfaｖｏurｍarriage.Iｎa３０－yeａrｓtudｙofmoｒethan10，000peoplｅ,NiｃholasChriｓｔakisｏfHａｒvarｄＭedｉcalSchooldeｓcｒｉbeshowaｌlｋinｄsｏｆsｏｃiaｌｎetworkｓhaｖｅｓiｍｉlareffects.Ｓｏhowdoesiｔwork?Thｅｅfｆectｓarecoｍplex，affecｔｅdbｙsocio-ecｏnomｉcｆacｔors，ｈeａlｔh-serｖiceproｖision,emotionalsｕｐportanｄotｈerｍorephysiolｏgｉｃal(生理的)ｍeｃhanisms.Forexample,sociａlcｏｎｔａcｔcanboostdｅｖelopmｅntoftｈebｒａiｎandｉmmunｅsysｔem,leadingtｏbettｅrheａlthａndｌeｓｓchanceofdeｐreｓｓｉｏｎlateｒinliｆｅ.Ｐeopleiｎsupｐorｔiverelatiｏｎshiｐsmaｙhandleｓｔressbeｔｔeｒ.Ｔｈenthｅｒeａrethepsｙcholｏｇicａlｂenｅfiｔsoｆasuppｏｒtivｅpａrtner.Aｌifeparｔner,cｈildｒeｎaｎdgoodfriendsａrｅallｒeｃｏmmｅndeｄifｙouaimtoｌivetｏ100.Thｅｕltｉmatesocialneｔｗorkisｓtiｌｌｂｅｉｎgmaｐｐedouｔ，bｕtChristａkisｓａｙｓ:“Ｐeopｌｅareinterconnｅcted,ｓothｅｉrheａlthisｉnteｒcｏｎneｃtｅd.”注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。62.WillｉaｍFarｒ’ｓｓtudyandｏｔhersｔudiｅsshowthａｔ___＿_____.[A]soｃｉaｌｌifepｒｏvidesaneffecｔivｅcuｒｅｆorｉｌlｎｅss[B]beiｎgsociablehelpsimｐｒoｖeonｅ’squalityoflife[C]womenbenefiｔmorｅｔｈａnmenｆromｍａrriage[Ｄ］marｒiagecｏntributeｓａgreａt(yī)dｅａltolｏｎｇevity63.LiｎdaWaiｔe’ｓstuｄiessuppoｒttｈeideａｔhaｔ_______＿＿.[A]oldｅrmeｎshouｌdquiｔsmｏkiｎgtｏsｔayhealｔhy[B]ｍarｒiaｇecanｈelpｍaｋｅupforillhealth[C]theｍａrriｅｄaｒehappierthanｔheunmarriｅｄ[D]unmarrｉｅdpeｏpｌearｅlikeｌytosuffｅrinlaｔerlife64.Itcanｂｅinｆerｒｅｄfromtｈeｃontextthatthe“ｆliｐｓｉde”(Line4,Ｐara.２)rｅfeｒsｔo__＿__＿___．［Ａ]thedisaｄvantaｇｅsｏfｂeingmarried[Ｂ］ｔheｅｍｏｔionaｌproblemsarisiｎgfrommarrｉage［C］thｅｒespｏnsｉbilityoｆtaｋｉngｃareofone’sｆａｍily[Ｄ]thecｏｎseｑｕenceofａbrｏｋenmarｒiagｅ６5．Whａt(yī)doestｈeautｈｏrsayaboutｓｏciａlnetworks？[Ａ］Theyhaｖeｅｆｆecｔｓsimilaｒtothoｓｅofaｍarｒiage.[B]Thｅyｈelｐdeｖeloppeｏｐlｅ’scoｍmunityspirit.［C]Theypｒovｉｄetimelysｕpｐoｒtforｔhosｅinneｅd.[D]Theｙｈelprｅlievepeopleoftheiｒlife’ｓｂurdｅns.66．Whatcａｎｂeinferｒedfromthelastpａrａｇraph?［Ａ]It’siｍpｏｒtａntthａt(yī)wedevelopａsociaｌｎetworkwhｅｎyoung.[B］Tostayhｅalｔhy,onesｈoｕｌdｈａpersoｃialｎetworｋ．[C］Ｇeｔtingadｉvoｒcemeaｎｓｒiskｉngareducｅｄlifeｓpaｎ.[D]Weshoｕldshareourｓｏcialnｅｔｗorｋsｗitheａcｈoｔheｒ.PaｒｔⅤCloｚe(15minuｔｅs）Dｉreｃtiｏns：Thｅreare20ｂｌanksintｈｅfｏllowingpasｓage.Foreａchblaｎkｔherｅaｒefoｕrchoｉceｓmarkｅd[A],[B］,[C]and[Ｄ]ontｈｅrｉghｔｓｉdｅofthｅpａpｅr．ＹoushｏuｌdｃhoosｅtｈeONEthatｂeｓｔｆitｓiｎtｏｔhｅｐａssａge.ThenｍaｒｋｔhecｏｒrespondinｇletterｏnAnsweｒSheet2ｗitｈａsinglelinｅthroｕghｔhecentｒe．注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Ｏｖerｈaｌfthe