初三非謂語動(dòng)詞專題

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載非謂語動(dòng)詞專題一.非謂動(dòng)詞概述：非謂語動(dòng)詞，即在句子中不作謂語的動(dòng)詞，其具體形式分：不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞三種。二.非謂語動(dòng)詞的共性特征：.沒有單、復(fù)數(shù)變化和人稱變化（因?yàn)椴蛔髦^語）；.仍然具有動(dòng)詞本身的特點(diǎn)：可以帶賓語、狀語；可以有自己的時(shí)態(tài)、（被動(dòng)）語態(tài)變化；可以構(gòu)成非謂語動(dòng)詞短語（即不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語、分詞短語）。.非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式：其結(jié)構(gòu)形式無論是單一結(jié)構(gòu)還是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，都在其前面直接加not形成。例如：Notknowingarightaddress,hecouldn,tfindhisfriend,shome.I’msosorrynottohavetoldyouabouthimalittleearlier.Notswimmingintheriverinsummerisgoodforyou..非謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（即邏輯主謂關(guān)系）：It,sveryimportantformetolearnEnglishwellnow.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow,please?Therebeingnoclassestoday,wedon,tgotoschool.Becausetherearenoclassestoday, 三.非謂語動(dòng)詞的差異性：動(dòng)詞不定式的用法（重點(diǎn)）1、結(jié)構(gòu)及特征：動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動(dòng)詞原形”，有時(shí)可以不帶to。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語，但可以擔(dān)任除謂語外的任何成分一主語、表語、賓語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，所以我們又稱之為非謂語形式。動(dòng)詞不定式仍保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，即它可以有自己的賓語和狀語。不定式的語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)tobedone被動(dòng)語態(tài)tobedonetohavebeendone一般式 todo完成式 tohavedone進(jìn)行式 tobedoing不定式時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)態(tài)Ihopetoseeyouagain.（有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后）完成 Iamsorrytohavemadesomanymistakes.（動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)詞前）進(jìn)行Heseemstobeeatingsomething.（表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）2、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法：動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。1）作主語

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載例如：TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.［說明］動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，往往用it作形式主語，這種句型可歸納為下面的句型：Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.當(dāng)形容詞表示事物的特征，特點(diǎn)或客觀形式，常見的形容詞有easy,hard,interestingItishardforhimtostudytwolanguages.Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth 形容詞表示性格，品德或表示主觀感情goodnicekindcleverItisveryniceofyoutohelpme.2）作表語 Mywishistobecomeateacher.be動(dòng)詞之后，形成表語，常用來表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用來表示未來的可能性和假設(shè)3）作賓語只可用不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞askhopehelppromiselearnDoyouhopetogofishingwithme?既可接不定式也可以接動(dòng)名詞rememberforgetlikeneedstoptrystartbeginpermitlove/goon/Istoptorun.我停下來開始跑Istoprunning.我停下來不跑了。it作形式賓語Doyouthinkitbettertosayitinthisway?4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語1）不定式作賓補(bǔ)askteachallowinvitetellwantpreferordergetfeelhearthinkseeexpectencourageTheteachertoldhimnottobelatenexttime.2）使役動(dòng)詞省略to letmakehaveShehadthestudentsworkouttheproblem.Couldyouhelpme（to）closethewindow?5）作定語Ihavealotofworktodo.表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Canyoubringmeachairtosit?Heneedssomeonetohelphimwithhiswork.6）作狀語 Hestoppedtohavealook.［說明］動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：not+to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成例如：Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.3、不定式的否定形式： Tellhimnottoshutthewindow...4、動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞who,what,which和疑問副詞when,where,how,why等后面可以按動(dòng)詞不定式，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語，可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。例如：（1）Hedoesn,tknowhowtousethemachine.（不定式作賓語）Howtousethemachineisaquestion. （不定式作主語）Thequestioniswhentogothere. （不定式作表語）5、省to的動(dòng)詞不定式1）使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make：2）感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。注意：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。A.Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載B.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3)wouldrather,hadbetter+do,wouldyouplease,ratherthan【難點(diǎn)】6、不定式的特殊句型：1)too...to...：太…而不能…so/such+adj/adv+asto+v(表結(jié)果)Hisfatherwassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2)enoughtodo：足以做…Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.3)Whynot+動(dòng)詞原形”表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為：”為什么不……?"Whynottakeaholiday?4)soas(not)todo:inordertodoonlytodotodo(表示目的)DavidcametoChinatostudyChinese.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5)用作介詞的“to"：lookforwardto渴望；payattentionto注意；devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于；be/getusedto習(xí)慣等等。動(dòng)名詞的用法1.形式一般式完成式1.形式一般式完成式主動(dòng)式doinghavingdone被動(dòng)式beingdone

havingbeendone一般時(shí)態(tài) Doyoumindmysmokinghere?（動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后或者兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）完成時(shí)態(tài) Iregretnothavingstudiedhard.（動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前）.在下面兩種句型中，只能用動(dòng)名詞There+be+no+動(dòng)名詞Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.Itis+nouse/good/fun/nice+動(dòng)名詞ItisnouselearningEnglishwithoutspeaking..只可以接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞短語dislikeadmitenjoydenymindmissriskfinishavoidconsiderexcusesuggestpracticebeworthkeeponcannothelpgiveupputoffleaveoffleadto比較：1）共同點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)詞的4ng形式都被稱之為非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，因此它們一般都可以放在句中除了謂語之外的其他位置。2）區(qū)別①動(dòng)詞不定式的基本含義是表示謂語動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，此外，若謂語動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了也用不定式，而-ing分詞的基本含義一般則表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行。②動(dòng)名詞的基本用法是該結(jié)構(gòu)用在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語或介賓短語。3）接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同：

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載begintodostarttodocontinuetodobegindoingstartdoingcontinuedoing學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載begintodostarttodocontinuetodobegindoingstartdoingcontinuedoingstopdoingforgetdoingrememberdoingtrydoinggoondoingbeafraiddoing4）動(dòng)名詞與不定式語義不同：stopdoingforgetdoingrememberdoingtrydoinggoondoingbeafraiddoingstoptodoforgettodoremembertodotrytodogoontodobeafraidtodo分詞的用法.現(xiàn)在分詞(doing/havingdone)和過去分詞(done).現(xiàn)在分詞的用法.用作謂語的一部分，和助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Whatareyoudoingnow?.作定語1)所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 Theboystandinghereisoneofmyclassmates.2)所修飾名詞的特征和性質(zhì)Donoreadinamovingcar..作表語，表示主語的特征和性質(zhì) Thestoryisinteresting..作賓語補(bǔ)足語(seewatchnoticehearfindgetkeep等)Weheardhersinginginherroom.3.過去分詞的用法過去分詞一般表示完成的或者被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作.用作謂語的一部分，和助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)或者被動(dòng)語態(tài)Wehavebeenfriendsformanyyears.Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident..作定語 Thereisabrokencuponthetable.Thisisoneofthefactoriesbuiltinthe1960s.過去分詞作定語時(shí)放在名詞前，過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)放在名詞后面.作表語 Thecupisbroken..作賓語補(bǔ)足語Imusthavemybikerepaired.注意，現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞，形態(tài)上完全相同，動(dòng)詞加上ing 但是兩者有一個(gè)本質(zhì)的區(qū)別，現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，而動(dòng)名詞起名詞的作用。Thedancingboyisme.Ienjoydancing.三、【考點(diǎn)詮釋】1、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作主語不定式或動(dòng)名詞用作主語，而分詞不能擔(dān)任句子中的主語。D.ofyou【考例】It'sverynice picturesforme.［天津］D.ofyouA.ofyoutodraw B.foryoutodraw C.foryoudrawingdrawing2、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作賓語【考例】一It'sabitcoldWouldyoumindmyallthewindows?

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載一Doasyoulike,please.［07淄博市］A.close Bwillclose C.closing D.tocloseMaryandIenjoybadminton［07黔嶺東南州］A.toplay Bplaying C.played--Sohotintheclassroom.Wouldyoumindthewindows? 0K.I'lldoitrightnow.［黃岡市］A.notclosing Bnotopening Cclosing D.opening---Mr.Wang,Ihavetroublethetext.一Rememberitthreetimesatleast.［威海市］A.tounderstand；reading Bunderstanding；readingCunderstanding；toread D.tounderstand；toreadatnight.--Howareyoufeelinghere?--It'squitehot.Idon'tknow togoorstay.［武漢］A.how B.when C.whether D.whereManypeoplethinkit'sveryimportant uslearnEnglishwell.［貴陽］A.for,to B.to,to C.with,forThemenuhassomanygoodthings!Ican,tdecide用可北］A.whattoeat B.howtoeat C.wheretoeat D.whentoeat---MydadboughtmeanewMP4,butIdon,tknow.---Let,sreadtheinstructions.［河南課改試驗(yàn)區(qū)］A.whattouse B.whichonetouse C.howtouseit D.whentouseitIttookmydaughtertwoweeksthenovelsbyYandHongying.濰坊］A.read;written B.toread;writtenC.reading;towriteD.toread;wroteDriversarewarnedwhentheyaretired［佛山］A.todrive B.notdrive C.nottodriveIfyouwanttoknowthemobilephone,you,dbetterreadtheinstructionsfirst.大連］A.howtouse B.howtomake C.wheretomendD.wheretobuyChinawillspendabout52billionyuannewairportsand_oldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive-YearPlanperiod時(shí)期）.［07臨沂市］A.repairing;buildingBtobuild；repair C.building；repairingD.torepair；build3.studentsshouldpayattentiontotheteacherinclass.［07泰州市］A.hear B1istento Clisteningto Dhearingof3、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作賓語補(bǔ)足語原則上，所有的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式均可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語，其區(qū)別是：不定式表未來，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成和被動(dòng)。【考例】Aliceaskedme anotherbagforher.［北京市課標(biāo)卷］A.get B.got C.toget D.gettingOurparentsoftentellusnot aloneintheriverinsummer.長沙］A.swim B.toswim C.swimming---Whatdidyoursistersaytoyoulastnight?---Sheaskedmemyfatherhersecret.［紹興］A.totellnot B.nottotell C.don,ttell D.nottellBettyisoftenseentheoldmanwithhishousework.咸寧］

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載A.help B.tohelp C.helped D.helpsTimegoesbysofast.Wemustnevermissthechancetoshowloveforourparentsandmakethemhowmuchtheymeantous.［哈爾濱］A.toknow B.knowing C.know---HowdoyoufeelwhenyouseethenationalflagofChina?---Itmakesusproud.包頭］A.feel B.tofeel C.felt D.feeling4、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作定語【考例】一Shoppingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes .(2004江西省南昌)A.towash B.washed C.wash D.tobewashed5、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作狀語【考例】--Linda,Iamverythirsty.--Let'sgotothenearestsupermarket somedrinks,OK?［重慶］A.buy B.bought C.tobuy D.buyingInorderthewordafriendlyplace,onemustshowafriendlyface.樂山］A.makes B.making C.tomake D.make一Theregoesthebell.一It'stimeforclass.Let'sstop.［福州市］A.talk Btotalk C.talking D.nottalk四.含非謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣句型：feellikedoingsth.想要做。。。woundlike;wanttodosth.prevent/stop/keepsb.(from)doingsth.godoing結(jié)構(gòu)(目的)：例如，gofishing;goswimming;goshopping bebusydoingsth.忙于做。。。keep(on)doingsth.連續(xù)/老是做。。。beworthdoingsth.。。。值得一做。。。spend…(時(shí)間)…doingsth./ take(時(shí)間)…todosth.getusedtodoingsth./beusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于。。。payattentiontodoingsth.注意。。。/重視。。。lookforwardtodoingsth.prefer to 與。。。相比。。。。更喜歡/愛。。。。preferstayingathome.toplayingbasketballprefertostayathomeratherthanplaybasketball.Itwasverykind/nice/cruelofyoutogivemeahandyesterday.It,sveryimportant/usefullforyoutolearnEnglishwellnowremember,forget,stop,begin,start,goon,continue中，后接todo或者doing的含義差另lj很大。例：Shestoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.Shestoppedtotalkwhentheteachercamein.五.非謂語動(dòng)詞針對(duì)性練習(xí)：(一).用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：Allthestudentsarebusy(get)readyforthecomingmathexam.Therewerenoseatsonthebus,soIkept(stand)onthewayhome.BecauseofmypoorEnglish,I,mafraidIcan,tmakemyself(understand)beforeyou.Ittookmeanhour(finish)(do)myhomeworklastnight.ThetwinspreferwatchingTVto(play)football.

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載InthetownIhaveafriend(call)XiaLi.It,struethatourteacherisoftenheard(sing)inherroom.Thenextdaytheyfoundthehills(cover)withsnow.Willyou(notopen)thewindow,please?AtonceJimjumpedintotheriver(save)thegirl.Ihavetried(make)friendswithher,butsheseemsnottocare.Shekeptme(wait)fornearly40minutes.Toobad.Iremember(tell)herabouthimyesterday,butshedoesn,tthinkso.(work)outtheproblemisanotherquestion.What,sthelanguage(speak)inChina?Iwanttoknowiftheycouldgetit(prepare)beforenextFriday.Isawhim(cross)theroadsafelyand(run)away.Idon,tknowwhere(meet)him.Whatmakesyou(think)I,mafarmer?Ilethim(go)earlyashewanted(meet)hisuncleatthestation.(二).根據(jù)句意改寫句子Theoldmanissooldthathecan'twork.Theoldmanistooold.Idon,tknowhowIcangettotheTVfactory.Idon,tknowtotheTVfactory.Mr.GreenwentbacktoEnglandforaholiday.Mr.GreenwentbacktoEnglandaholiday.MikehopeshecanvisittheGreatWallonday.MikehopestheGreatWalloneday.Doeshesayanythingforhimselfatthemeeting?Doeshehaveanythingforhimselfatthemeeting?Heissostrongthathecancarrytheheavybox.Heisstrongtheheavybox.Hespenttwohoursdoingthework.Ithimtwohoursthework.It,stimeforschool.It,stimeschool.ItseemsthatsheisanEnglishteacher.SheanEnglishteacher.Hisfathersaidtohim,“l(fā)istentotheteachercarefully.”Hisfathertoldhimtheteachercarefully.(三).單項(xiàng)選擇填空:A組：Hefoundithardhisclassmatesatthattime.A.tocatchupwithB.tocatchup C.catchupwithTracycan,tplaythematchnow.Plaeaseinstead.A.haveLilydoit B.makeLilytodoit C.letLilytodoitListen!Canyouhearababyintheroom?A.cry B.tocry C.crying

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載IsawJessietoLucy,shomejustnow.Soshe,snotherenow.A.going B.go C.wentYou,dbetter_tosendmeane-mailwhenyougethome.A.nottoforgetB.don,tforgetC.notforgetWouldyoumindmehowEnglishwords?A.tell,torememberB.telling,torememberC.tell,rememberHewalkedfastforuscatchupwith.A.so,that B.so,to C.too,toTheartistsaidthathehopeddrawingthepicturesoon.A.tofinish B.hissontofinishC.hissonwillfinishSomestudentsfromGrade9dosomefortheold.A.volunteeredto;clean B.volunteered;cleaningC.volunteeredto;cleaning D.volunteered;cleanSorry,Ireallydon,tknowtheclock.A.howshouldImendB.howtomendC.whattomendWhatdoyouthinkisthebestwaythewildanimals?A.protecting B.toprotectC.protected D.protectWhentheywentintothepark,theysawsomeoneChineseKungFu.A.plays B.played C.playingIcan'tsendane-mail.Wouldyoupleaseshowmeit?A.todo B.whattodo C.howtodoJassicapreferredinbedratherthanahorse.A.tolie,ride B.lying,ride C.lie,ridereallyhardhemtoclimbMountQomolangma.A.It,s,of B.Ifs,for C.Thafs,toHeraisedhisvoicetomakeeverybodyintheroom himclearly.A.heard B.hear C.hearingIfyoudon,tfeelwell,youmayjust_.A.stopsreadingB.stoptoread C.stopreadingWehavetwopens ,butIcan,tdecide.A.towritewith,whichonetochoose B.write,whichonetochooseC.towrite,tochoosewhichoneItwasgreatfun apicniconthehill.A.tohave B.ofhaving C.have D.hadWhynot?A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohomeC.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohomeTheyweremade fourteenhoursaday.A.work B.working C.worked D.toworkIsitalwayseasier friendsthantokeepthem?A.making B.make C.tomake D.madeItisbettertoteachamantofishthan himfish.A.giving B.togive C.gives D.gaveWhodoyouthinkyou,dlike ?

A.tomakefriends學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載B.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswithA.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteat單項(xiàng)選擇填空：A.tomakefriends學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載B.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswithA.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteat單項(xiàng)選擇填空：B組：1.Infact,nooneenjoys_ at.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughed25.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetriesittoooften.D.nottoeatD.tobelaughedD.tobegivenTheyinsistedonanotherchancetotry.D.tobegivenA.given B.givingC.beinggiven—Whereismypassport?Irememberithere.—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Rememberitwithyouallthetime.A.toput;totakeB.putting;takingC.Putting;totakeD.toput;takingHisroomneeds,sohemusthaveit.A.painting;paintedB.painted;paintingC.painting;paintingD.painted;painted5.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequirewithgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof

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學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載A.goingonvacationC.begoingonvacation23.Thefoodwasdelicious.ThatwasaB.goonvacationD.havegoneonvacation meal.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載A.goingonvacationC.begoingonvacation23.Thefoodwasdelicious.ThatwasaB.goonvacationD.havegoneonvacation meal.A.doB.todo C.doingD.done20.Don'tforget —thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.A.toreturnB.returning C.returnD.toreturning21.Lookaroundwhenthestreet.A.acrossB.crossing C.crossedD.tobecrossing22.Wearebothlookingforwardtonextweek.A.satisfying B.satisfied C.satisfactionD.satisfyDon,thavethemachineallthetime.Itwillgowrong.A.torun B.running C.beenrun D.runThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepare B.preparing C.prepared D.waspreparing綜合能力訓(xùn)練：一.補(bǔ)全對(duì)話中所缺的單詞，每空一詞。（Johnfeelsill.Thedoctorlookshimover.）Doctor:Well,there’snothingserious86you,I,mgladtosay.Youareworkingtoohardandworryingtoo87.Doyoutakeenoughexercise?John:No,doctor.Ineverhaveenoughtime88exxrcise.Istartworkvery89inthemorningandfinishlateintheevening.ThenIcan’tgettosleep.Canyougivemesomemedicinetohelpmetosleep?Doctor:Ican,90I,mnotgoingto.Youdon,tneedmedicine.Remember:Don,tworktoohard.Toomuchworkis91foryou.Don’tworry92yourwork.It'snousetoworry.Takeenoughexercise.John:ButImaylosemyjob（工作），doctor.Ifshardtogetajob93mine.Doctor:Thengetaneasierone,evenifget94money.Whichwouldyouliketohave,healthorwealth（財(cái)富）？John:Youareright,doctor.Ifsmoreimportanttobehealthythanwealthy.I’llchangemyjob.Thanksalot.Doctor:Comeandseeme95amonth,stine.Ithinkyou’llbeadifferentman二.完形填空（每題1分，共12分）GilbertjoinedtheScienceClublastsummer.Onedayhewashandedapieceofpaper,ablockofwoodandfourwheels;hewastoldtogohomeand1themallto“dad”.However,Gilberfsmomknewthathisdadwasn,tgoodatmakingthingsanddecidedthatshewouldreadthe2andletGilbertdothework.AfewdayslatertheblockofwoodwasturningintoacarthatGilbertnamed“BlueLightning”.Thenheandhismotherwenttoacarracetogether.Butwhentheythere,Gilbertfoundthathiscarwastheonlyonethathadnotbeenmadebya“father-son”partnership（合作）.Theracebegan.Onebyonethecarswereknockedoutuntilit5tothefinalbetweeenGilbertandJimmy.Justbeforetherace,Gilbertasked6theycouldstopforaminutesothat

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載hecouldmakeawish.