高一英語(yǔ)必修一Unit4知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳盡解析

Unit4Earthquake

rise[raiz]和raise[reiz]的區(qū)別

Rise(vi):日月，物價(jià)，煙，溫度，河水及人的職位上升，或起床，起身，沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)rise-rose-risenRaise(vt):舉起，提出，飼養(yǎng)，種植，募集（財(cái)物）raise-raised-raisedrise(rise、rose、risen)

vi.1，(指日月星辰煙等的)升起，水位價(jià)格溫度的上升=goup;起身=getup，2.增加增長(zhǎng)起伏=increase2.raise

vt.抬高提高養(yǎng)育飼養(yǎng)（有被動(dòng)）1.Thesunrisesintheeast.3.Hisjobisraisingchickens.

4.They_____theirarmsandwavedtouswithjoy.AroseBraisedB2Hertemperatureisstill________.rising5.Herosefromhischairandbeganhisspeech.6.Therehasbeenasharpriseinthenumberofpeopleoutofwork.把翻譯下列句子譯為中文2.smellyadj.發(fā)臭的，有臭味的

smelly是由名詞smell加后綴-y而構(gòu)成的形容詞，英語(yǔ)中有許多派生詞體現(xiàn)了這一原則：GuessingGame

blood→y=bloody

血腥的cloud→y=cloudy多云的rain→rainy

下雨的wind→windy

多風(fēng)的

3.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhe

pigswere

toonervoustoeat.too....to....

太....而不能1,Shewastoopoortogotocollege.

2,Iloveyoutoomuchtoleaveyouforaminute.“too…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)之前帶有only,but,never,not,時(shí)，是強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定的表示法，譯作“非?！薄笆帧薄皩?shí)在……””真是太……”等Iamonlytoohappytoteachyou.我非常高興教你們。Heisbuttoogladtodoso他非常喜歡這樣做Youcanneverbetoooldtoenjoyasong.我們絕對(duì)不會(huì)老得不能享受歌曲帶來(lái)的歡樂4,mice是mouse(老鼠)的復(fù)數(shù)形式.5.…thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedand_____.burstburst可以作動(dòng)詞，意為：使爆炸;使破裂；突然發(fā)生，突然出現(xiàn)。常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)burstintosth.或burstoutdoingsth.，表示“突然開始（做某事）”，如：burstintotears=burstoutcrying（表示“突然哭起來(lái)”）。也可以作名詞，意為：爆炸。例如：burstout+v-ing:suddenlybegindoingsth擴(kuò)展:burstintoleafbursintoflower長(zhǎng)出葉子開花n.aburstof...一陣...

aburstoflaughter/thunder/applause(歡呼）1.Thedamburstafterheavyrains.2.Inthegame,childrentrytoburst

balloonsbysittingonthem.3.Joandidn’tsayanythingatfirstandthensheburstoutcrying.[即學(xué)即練]根據(jù)burst的用法，完成下列句子。1.Everyoneintheroomburstout_________(laugh).2.Shefoundtherewere________(burst)inthewellwalls.laughingbursts6.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.thinklittleoftheseevents對(duì)這些情況幾乎沒有怎么去考慮、沒當(dāng)一回事thinklittleofthinknothingofthinkbadly/poorly/illofthinkwell/much/highly/alot/agreatdealof

對(duì)……看法不好，評(píng)價(jià)很低不重視，忽視認(rèn)為沒什么對(duì)……重視/高度評(píng)價(jià)thinkof想起，考慮1.校長(zhǎng)對(duì)你的進(jìn)步評(píng)價(jià)很高。Theheadmasterthoughthighlyofyourprogress.eg.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.[考點(diǎn)]定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞who的用法。[考例]Women____drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose____don’t.(北京2006)A.who;不填 B.不填;whoC.who;who D.不填;不填now,Let'sreview!

TheendofthefirstparagraphBrightlightsflashintheskyAnimalsaretoonervous,suchascows,dogs,horses,andsnakes,etc.MiceranoutofthefieldsFishjumpedoutofbowlsandponds.Therewerecracksonthewells.Thewaterinthewellroseandfell.TheSecondParagraph7.Itseemedasiftheworld…1)asif似乎，好像=asthough

Shespoketomeasifsheknewme.她和我說(shuō)話的神情，好像她早就認(rèn)識(shí)我似的。2)asif在表語(yǔ)從句中相當(dāng)于that:

Itseemedasifthemeetingwouldneverend.看起來(lái)會(huì)議沒完沒了。本文中asif的用法就是第二種。Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!=Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend!8,Itseemedthattheworldwas________.atanendCompare:

attheendofbytheendofintheend辨析：atanend:表示“終結(jié)，結(jié)束”，與be動(dòng)詞連用intheend:表示“最終，終于”，單獨(dú)使用作狀語(yǔ)attheendof:表示“在…的盡頭/末尾”bytheendof:到…末為止，常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用1).atanend:表示“終結(jié)，結(jié)束”，與be動(dòng)詞連用。eg:戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束了。Thewarwasatanend.=Thewarcametoanend.2).intheend:表示“最終，終于”，單獨(dú)使用作狀語(yǔ)。eg:最終他們放棄了那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。Theygaveuptheplanintheend.(atlast)3).attheendof:表示“在…的盡頭/末尾”eg:今年年底，我父親要回家。Myfatherwillcomehomeattheendofthisyear.Heisattheendofhispatience.

他已經(jīng)忍耐到極限了。4).bytheendof:到…末為止，常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。bytheendoflast…用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)bytheendofnext…用于將來(lái)完成時(shí)eg:到上個(gè)月末為止，他在那條船上已經(jīng)待了兩年。Bytheendoflastmonth,hehadbeenonthatshipfortwoyears.到下學(xué)期末為止，我將學(xué)會(huì)3000多個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。Iwillhavelearnedmorethan3000Englishwordsbytheendofnextterm.8．分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)：四分之一三分之二二又五分之三one/afourthtwothirds

twoandthreefifths分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞.分子大于一時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)。當(dāng)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)注意謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)Twothirdsofthestudents____fromthecountryside.Halfofthework____beendone.Onethirdoftheapple___bittenbymice.arehaswas請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示完成下列句子。1.________(三分之一)ofthestudentsinourclass____(be)girls.2.__________(五分之三)ofthesoil__________(wash)awaybythefloodlastnight.3.______(一半)ofthedesksinthisschool________(make)inhiscompany.4.______(大部分的)ofthelecturehemadeyesterday______(be)interesting.One-thirdareThree-fifthswaswashedHalfaremadeMostwas5._________________(數(shù)萬(wàn))people_____________(dance)inthebigsquarenow.6.Therewere____________(一萬(wàn))studentstakingpartintheexamyesterday.7._________________(百分之九十)ofthemountain__________(cover)bytrees.iscoveredTensofthousandsofaredancingtenthousand90%/90percent.概數(shù)的一些表達(dá)：TensofthousandsofHundredsandhundredsofThousandsofMillionsofDozensof數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的成百上千的數(shù)千的數(shù)百萬(wàn)的許多，大量1.90%2.10,0003.10,000,0004.150,0005.75%6.1/37.500,0008.2/3ninetypercenttenthousandtenmilliononehundredandfiftythousandseventy-fivepercentone-thirdhalfamilliontwo-thirds英語(yǔ)數(shù)字的翻譯

killtwobirdswithonestoneAfallintothepit,againinyourwit.atsixesandsevensbyonesandtwosTwoheadsarebetterthanone.

Oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.

I'llloveyouthreescoreandten.SheisasecondLeiFeng.一箭雙雕

吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智。

亂七八糟

三三兩兩三個(gè)臭皮匠勝過(guò)諸葛亮。

人各有所好。

我會(huì)一輩子愛你的。

她是雷鋒式的人物。

9.

Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi)，一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中。

lie(laylain)處于某種狀態(tài);躺，平躺，平臥平放1.Thewholefactoryhaslainwasteformanyyears.整個(gè)工廠多年來(lái)一直荒蕪在那里。2.Heletthefarmgotoruin.他讓農(nóng)場(chǎng)敗落了。gotoruin=fallintoruin衰落,敗落inruins荒蕪的,成為廢墟,一般用作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)Anearthquakeleftthewholetowninruins.Hiscareerisinruins.lie/beinruins成為廢墟Thecity______________(成為廢墟）afterthewar.lay/wasinruins口訣:規(guī)則的“撒謊”，不規(guī)則的“躺”，躺過(guò)就“下蛋”。(lie當(dāng)“說(shuō)謊”用，它的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都為lied，而當(dāng)“躺”用時(shí)，它的過(guò)去式為“下蛋”即lay)中文原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞說(shuō)明放置產(chǎn)卵laylaidlaidlaying及物動(dòng)詞躺;位于lielaylainlying不及物動(dòng)詞說(shuō)謊lieliedliedlying不及物動(dòng)詞TheEndoftheSecondParagraphHowmanyNatureDisasters

doyouknow?typhoon

tornado,hurricaneseismicseawave/tsunamidroughtfloodvolcaniceruptionsandstormthunderstormThecitylayinruins.破敗不堪Thebuildingsfelldown.倒塌Agreatnumberofpeoplelosttheirhomes.許多，大量Roadsmightcrack.

開裂TheThirdParagraph10，destory.vt毀壞Compare:ruin;destroy;damage①damage指部分“損壞”、“損害”、“破壞”或指使用價(jià)值有所降低。它可以用作動(dòng)詞,也可以用作名詞,用作名詞時(shí)常與tosomething連用。Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetohiscar.②destroy只能用作動(dòng)詞,指徹底破壞,以致不可能修復(fù),常作“破壞”、“毀滅”解,也可以指希望、計(jì)劃等打破。Theearthquakedestroyedalmostthewholetown.③ruin則表示破壞嚴(yán)重,以致不能修復(fù),但這種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅某物,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)致使該物的使用價(jià)值發(fā)生了問題。用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),它作

“使毀滅”、

“使崩潰”、“弄糟”解;用作名詞時(shí),它表示“毀滅”、“瓦解”、“廢墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。Thefireruinedthecastle.Thehousehasfallenintoruin.Thecompanyisfacingruin.11，shock震驚的用法People__________(shock).我們對(duì)這個(gè)消息感到震驚。wereshockedWe__________________thenews.wereshockedatThenewsis___________(shock)shocking表示情感的動(dòng)詞excite,surprise,interest,bore,move,shock,disappoint,satisfy,(驚訝，興趣，乏味，感動(dòng)，失望，滿意）變?yōu)樾稳菰~時(shí)可加ing(指物）或加ed(指人）[即學(xué)即練]根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示完成句子。1.Thenewsofhismother’sdeath____________________（使他非常震驚）.2.She______________（因休克死亡）followinganoperationonherbrain.3.Whatreally___________（讓我震驚的）wasthatnooneseemedtocareaboutthat.4.______________（我們很吃驚）tohearabouthisleaving.wasaterribleshocktohimdiedofshock shockedmeWewereshocked12.rescue

n.搭救；解救;營(yíng)救Therescueteamreachedtheminesatonceaftertheaccidenthappened.v.解救；救出；營(yíng)救Herescuedthemanfromdrowning.rescueworkers=e/gotoone’srescue來(lái)援救某人We________________（來(lái)救他）andpulledhimoutofthelake.cametohisrescue13traptrap(n)陷阱，捕捉器，圈套Eg1:Tomlikessettingtraps.Eg2:Iknewshesetatrap

togetthisjob.trap(vt)設(shè)陷阱捕捉，困住Eg4:Thebearwastrapped.trapsbinto…使某人落入圈套或陷入困境Eg5:ThepolicetrappedhimintoaconfessionTheEndoftheThirdParagraphWenchuanEarthquakeCanyoudescribehowterribletheearthquakewas?2008.5.12Thebuildingsfelldown.倒塌TheFourthParagraph15.Allhopewasnotlost.[考點(diǎn)]all...not=notall...意為“并不都……”，是部分否定。當(dāng)all,both及every的合成詞與not連用時(shí)，表示部分否定；完全否定要用no,never,nowhere,none,neither,nothing,nobody等。both,each,every與not連用也都表示部分否定：Noteverystudentpassedtheexam.不是每個(gè)學(xué)生都通過(guò)了考試。Boththeanswersarenotright.不是兩個(gè)答案都對(duì)。改為全部否定為：Noneofthestudentspassedtheexam.Neitheroftheanswersisright.16.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.digout挖掘；發(fā)現(xiàn)bury:A.toplaceinthegroundB.tooccupy(oneself)withdeepconcentration;absorba.這是一個(gè)含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。b.本句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語(yǔ)（Thearmy）+謂語(yǔ)（organized）+賓語(yǔ)（teams）+目的狀語(yǔ)（todigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead）。c.whoweretrapped是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞those。d.and連接兩個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。16.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.[考點(diǎn)]whose意為“……的”，在定語(yǔ)從句中作關(guān)系代詞，后接名詞。當(dāng)前面的先行詞與后面的名詞構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，就用關(guān)系代詞whose。其先行詞可以是人，也可以是物。[考例]Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(天津2005)A.that B.whoseC.those D.what[點(diǎn)撥]因from前是逗號(hào)，可判斷出后面是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，排除those；從句部分與先行詞之間的關(guān)系為：thepeoplearestillsufferingfromtheeffectsofthefloods，whose指代ofthefloods,在句中作定語(yǔ)，故此題選B。17.buryvt.埋葬;葬

Theboyburiedthedeadbirdinthebackyard.男孩們把死鳥埋在后院。vt.使沉浸（或?qū)Ｐ挠冢?/p>

beburiedin…=buryoneselfin…埋頭于;專心于beburiedinthought沉思buryoneselfinstudy埋頭研究；專心學(xué)習(xí)

19.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000peoplewererescuedfromthecoalmines.Tothenorthofrescuedto/on/inJapanis_____theeastofChina.Taiwanis_____thesoutheastofChina.3.Mongoliais_____thenorthofChina.toinon/to22.表示許多的短語(yǔ)及用法只接可數(shù)名詞的有：alarge/greatnumberofagood/greatmanyagood/greatmanyofthe/these/those/one’s只接不可數(shù)名詞的有：agreatdealofalargeamountof既可接可數(shù)名詞又可接不可數(shù)名詞的有：alotoflotsof