《物流專業(yè)英語》PPTUnitLogisticsDecisionMaking

Discussion1）Whatisthedefinitionofasupplychain?

2）Whataspectsdoesasupplychaininclude？3）Whatistheroleoflogisticsinthesupplychain?

4）WhatisSCMconcernedwith?

5）WhatisthetaskofSCM?6）Inyouropinion,whyisSCMimportant?7)WhataretheobjectivesofSCM?單詞學習petitorn.hierarchicalstructure等級結構hierarchyn.等級制度，階層，層次flatstructure扁平結構executiveadj.n.executev.seniorjunioradministrativea.行政的，管理的administrationn.管理，經(jīng)營administratorn.管理人，行政官員單詞學習advancedadj.高級的，先進的advancingadj.前進的，向前推進的developedadj.發(fā)達的developinga.發(fā)展中的schedulingn.行程安排schedulen.計劃，日程表techniquen.方法，技巧technicala.技術的extendv.extendeda.延長的，擴大的extensiveadj.廣泛的

Module1Unit6

Logisticsdecision-making

物流決策Decision-making決策決策，就是為了實現(xiàn)一定的目標，提出解決問題和實現(xiàn)目標的各種可行方案，依據(jù)評定準則和標準，在多種備選方案中，選擇一個方案進行分析、判斷并付諸實施的管理過程。決策無處不在?。▊€人決策、企業(yè)決策、政府決策……)Text課文講解Themodernorganizationinafreemarketplaceneedstobeanagileone,abletomakerapiddecisions,inordertorespondto

thechangingcircumstancesandthereby

gainanadvantageoveritscompetitors.在一個自由市場里，現(xiàn)代組織需要成為一個反應敏捷的組織，能夠作出快速的決定，以便能對不斷變化中的情況作出反應，并因此而超過其競爭對手的優(yōu)勢。Agility靈敏度Agilityimpliestheabilitytomovequicklyandtomeetcustomer’sdemandsooner.Inafast-changingmarketplaceagilityisactuallymoreimportantthanlong-termstrategyinatraditionalbusinessplanningsense.靈敏度意味著加快動作的速度，更快地滿足客戶需求。在快速變化的市場中，靈敏度其實比傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)規(guī)劃中的長期戰(zhàn)略更加重要。Organizationstructure組織結構傳統(tǒng)等級結構高級執(zhí)行層中高級管理層低級管理層行政層/運營層職能部門Foranumberofyears,therehasbeenatendencyforanorganizationto‘delayer’andcreatewhatisknownasa‘flatstructure’.Thismeansthatsomelayersofmanagementappearinginthetraditionalorganizationstructurehavebeenremoved.許多年來，有一種在機構內(nèi)‘減少層次’、并創(chuàng)立一個人們所熟悉的‘扁平結構’的傾向。這就意味著在傳統(tǒng)組織結構中的某些管理層次已經(jīng)被消除。扁平管理結構減少管理層次高級執(zhí)行層管理層行政層/運營層部門/業(yè)務單位鐵道部鐵路企業(yè)的扁平化

集團公司（鐵路局）總公司站、段鐵道部集團公司站、段

弗里德曼先生以它獨特的視角講述了世界正在變平的過程。他在書中援引了很多熱點話題，介紹了諸多令人矚目的市場和炙手可熱的行業(yè)。開放源代碼、外包、離岸生產(chǎn)、供應鏈和搜索技術等被描述成為鏟平世界的10大動力，而中國、印度等國家和一些站在全球頂尖位置的公司和機構，則被描述成變平的世界中舉足輕重的角色。書中寫到的許多現(xiàn)象新鮮但不陌生，更有一些是我們工作中接觸過甚至直接參與的商業(yè)行為。ThestrategicaimThisisthehighestlevelstatementabout

whattheorganization’sleaderswishtoachieve.ItwillusuallybedraftedbytheBoardandwillbeinthemostgeneralforms.戰(zhàn)略目標這是關于單位領導希望達到的最高水平的陳述。它將由董事會來起草并將以最通用的形式出現(xiàn)。ThemissionstatementThenextleveldowninvolvesthedevelopmentofmissionstatements.Whiletherecanbeonlyonestrategicaim,therecanbemanymissionstatementswithinanorganizationatavarietyoflevels.Amissionstatementalwaysgivesaclearindicationofwhatistobedone.

崗位職責（使命陳述）接下來的一個層次涉及到崗位職責的制訂。崗位職責可以有許多個，而戰(zhàn)略目標卻只能有一個。崗位職責總是清楚地指出該做的事情。ThetaskstobecarriedoutThetasksprovidethedetailofhowthemissionistobeachieved.待執(zhí)行的任務各項任務提供了如何完成使命的細節(jié)。Thestrategicaimandmissiondonotnecessarilyremainthesameforever.Newaimsandmissionscanbeintroducedtocoverspecificrequirements.Inthediagrambelow,theBoardhaveconceivedanaimtoraisethecompany’sprofileandfromthatdecisionflowaseriesofmissionsandtasks.戰(zhàn)略目的和使命不一定永遠維持不變?？梢砸胄履康暮褪姑鼇砀采w具體的要求。在下圖中，董事會提出了一個可以提升公司檔次的目標，從這個決定里，派生出一系列的使命和任務。StrategicAimTobeamongthetop10performingcompaniesinthesectorwithin5yearsManagingDirector’sMissionincreaseturnoverby20%reducecostsby30%within5yearsinordertobeamongthetop10performingcompaniesinthesectorTransportDeptMissionReducetransportcostsby20%inordertoreduceoverallcostby30%WarehouseDeptMissionReduceinventoryby10%inordertoreduceoverallcostby30%SalesDeptMissionIncreasesalesby20%戰(zhàn)略目標在五年內(nèi)成為業(yè)內(nèi)10佳績優(yōu)公司執(zhí)行董事使命增加營業(yè)額達20%五年內(nèi)降低成本達30%以便成為業(yè)內(nèi)10佳績優(yōu)公司運輸部門使命

降低運輸成本達20%以便降低總成本達30%倉庫部門使命

降低庫存成本達10%以便降低總成本達30%銷售部門使命

增加銷售量達20%TrafficOfficeMissionReducedeadmilesby10%inordertoreducetransportcostby20%MaintenanceDeptMissionReducevehicledowntimeby20%inordertoreducetransportcostby30%TasksImplementadvancedroutingandschedulingtechniques.TasksOperateextendedworkinghours.交通辦使命降低無效里程（空駛里程）達10%以便降低運輸成本達20%維護部門使命降低車輛停歇時間達20%以便降低運輸成本20%任務實施先進的線路和行程安排技巧任務實行延時工作制3.Keytotheexercises練習答案

1.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

1)Whydoesamodernorganizationneedtobeanagileone?Themodernorganizationinafreemarketplaceneedstobeanagileone,abletomakerapiddecisions,inordertorespondtothechangingcircumstancesandtherebygainanadvantageoveritscompetitors.2)Canyoudescribethedifferencebetweenatraditionalhierarchicalstructureandaflatstructure?Atraditionalhierarchicalstructurefocusesonverticalcontrolfromthetop.Acompanywithsuchastructureismoreorlesslikeagovernmentdepartmentfeaturingrigidrulesandregulations.Andthebosshasthefinalsayforeveryvitalissuewithlessparticipationbytheemployees.Whereasaflatstructurefocusesonperformanceandacompanywithsuchstructureisusuallytarget-orientedwithaviestounleashthecreativityofitsemployees.3)Howdoyouunderstandtheword‘delayer’?Whenusedinacompanystructure,theword“delayer”usuallymeanstoremovetheunnecessaryorinefficientdepartmentsatcertainlevelsinordertomakethecompanymoreproductiveandcompetitive.4)Whatisastrategicaimandinwhatwaysisitimportantforacompany’sdevelopment?Thisisthehighestlevelstatementaboutwhattheorganization’sleaderswishtoachieve.Itisimportantbecauseitisaguidelineforthecompany’slong-termdevelopment.5)WhatisthedifferencebetweentheBoardandthemanagement?TheBoard,knownastheBoardofDirectors,iscomposedofdirectorswhoownthecompany’sshares,wherethemanagementisagroupofpeopleappointedbytheBoardtomanagethecompanyandtoexecuteinstructionsfromtheBoard.Itispossiblethatadirectorisalsoamemberofthemanagement.

2.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoChinese:functionaldepartmentslowermanagementsenior/middlemanagementtraditionalhierarchicalstructuregainanadvantageoverthechangingcircumstancesanagileorganizationdecision-making職能部門下層管理部門中高層管理部門傳統(tǒng)等級型結構取得對…的優(yōu)勢變化中的環(huán)境快速靈活的機構決策

3.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoEnglish:戰(zhàn)略目標董事會使命陳述減少層次構想一個目標提升公司形象業(yè)內(nèi)前十位績優(yōu)公司提高營業(yè)額達20%降低30%成本線路管理和日程管理庫存總量銷售量strategicgoaltheboardofdirectorsmissionstatementtodelayertoc