2020年高考英語語法專項突破訓(xùn)練專題03-代詞

2020年高考英語語法專項突破訓(xùn)練專題三代詞重難點分析代詞是代替名詞或代替起名詞作用的短語或句子的詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞、指示代詞、相互代詞和關(guān)系代詞八種。代詞類別例詞功能人稱主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they作主語代詞賓格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them作賓語物主形容詞性my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their作定語代詞名詞性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs作主語、賓語、表語反身代詞myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves作賓語、表語、同位語不定代詞some,any,no,either,neither,all,none,each,somebody,noone,everybody,much,many,other(s),another等視情況而定，一般可作定、五士、五冷、五竺語、主語、賓債口等疑問代詞what,who,whose,whom,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever等可作主語、賓語、定語等指示代詞this,that,these,those作主語、賓語、定語、表語相互代詞eachother,oneanother作賓語關(guān)系代詞that,who,whom,whose,which等連接定語從句面舉例說明其用法，其中疑問代詞見“專題12句子種類”，關(guān)系代詞見“專題13定語從句”。一、人稱代詞的用法作主語用主格，作賓語用賓格。如：SheteachesusEnglish.她教我們英語。在句中作表語，常用賓格，但有時用主格。如：—Whoisit?誰呀？—It'sme.是我。ItwasIwhotoldhimaboutit.是我告訴他這件事的。（強調(diào)句型）3.it的用法用法說明例句

1作人稱代詞，指代前面提到的事物Thisisnotmybook.ItisMary's.這不是我的書，是瑪莉的。2替代指示代詞this或that—What'sthis?這是什么？一It'sadictionary.這是一本字典。—Whosejacketisthat?那是誰的夾克？一Itishers.是她的。3指人—Whoisknockingatthedoor?誰在敲門？一It'sme.是我。Thebabynomorecriedassoonasitsawitsmother.那個嬰丿兒一看到他(她)的媽媽就不哭了。4指時間、距離、天氣、環(huán)境等—What'sthetimenow?現(xiàn)在幾點鐘？一It'stenpasteight.8:10。It'sgettingcolderandcoldernow.現(xiàn)在變得越來越冷了。It'sabouttenminutes'walkfrommyhometotheschool.從我家至U學(xué)校步行大約要十分鐘。Itisveryquietatthemoment.目前很安靜。5指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容Ourteamwonthefootballmatch.Haveyouheardaboutit?我們隊贏得了足球賽。你聽說了嗎？6表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動詞，后面跟it后再跟從句，其從句作it的同位語Iwillappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.如果你冃能幫我一個忙，我將十分感激。Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.我不喜歡人們滿嘴是食物的時候說話。Ilikeitinautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.我喜歡秋天，那時候的天氣晴朗。7（未指明但談話雙方心里都明白的）那件事、那種情況Howisit(=yourlife/yourwork)going?情況怎樣？—Doyoulikeithere?你喜歡這里嗎？一Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.哦，當(dāng)然。這里的空氣、天氣、生活方式一切都是這么的美好。8It還可用作形式主語、形式賓語以代替主語從句、賓語從句、不定式短語、動名詞短語等It'simpossibletogetthereintime.及時到達(dá)那兒是不可能的。Ifinditstrangethatshedoesn'twanttogo.我發(fā)現(xiàn)她不想去，真奇怪。二、物主代詞的用法

形容詞性物主代詞——作定語Thisisourclassroom.這是我們的教室。Hisfatherisanengineer.他父親是位工程師。2.名詞性物主代詞所作成分例句主語Thisishercoat.Mineisoverthere.這是她的上衣，我的在那邊。賓語Somethinghasgonewrongwithmybike.MayIuseyours?我的自行車出了點毛病，我能用你的嗎？表語Thisbookisn'tmine;itsTom's.這本書不是我的，是湯姆的。注意：(1)英語中必須有形容詞性物主代詞，而漢語中往往省略不譯。如：Jacktookoffhiscoatandwenttobed.杰克脫掉外套就上床睡覺了。(2)“of+名詞性物主代詞”可用作定語。如：Somefriendsofminewillattendmybirthdayparty.我的一些朋友將出席我的生日聚會三、反身代詞的用法所作成分例句1賓語動賓TomtaughthimselfChinese.湯姆自學(xué)漢語。介賓Shelovesmeformyself,notformymoney.她喜歡的是我，不是我的錢。2表語Sheisnotquiteherselftoday.她今天有些不舒服。3同位語Imyselfcanrepairthebike.我自己會修自行車。Thetableitselfhasonlythreelegs.這張桌子本身只有三條腿。四、指示代詞的用法時空的差別。如：Thereisthisseathere,nearme,orthereisthatoneinthefourthrow.Whichwillyouhave,thisorthat?靠近我的這個座位，還是第四排的那個座位，你選哪一個，這個還是那個？this和that在行文敘述上的差別。如：Ishallsaythistoyou:heisapoorman.我要跟你說的是，他是一個可憐的人。Hewasill.That'swhyhedidn'tcome.他生病了，那就是沒來的原因。that和those用于表比較的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：TheweatherofZhangjiangisbetterthanthatofmyhometown.湛江的天氣比我家鄉(xiāng)的好。TVsetsmadeinNanjingarebetterthanthosemadehere.南京生產(chǎn)的電視機比在這里生產(chǎn)的電視機好。4.打電話時this表示我，that表示你。五、不定代詞的用法可數(shù)one,each,many,both,another,either,neither,(a)few不可數(shù)much,(a)little可數(shù)/不可數(shù)none,any,other,all,some復(fù)合不定代詞anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,noone,nobody,nothing1.none,noone與nothing的用法區(qū)別none既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特定概念，常用來回答howmany/much引導(dǎo)的疑問句；noone只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用來回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句；nothing“什么也沒有”否定一切，常用來回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。如：—Howmanypeoplearethereintheroomnow?現(xiàn)在房間里有多少人？一None.—個人都沒有。—Whoisintheroom?誰在房間里？—Noone/Nobody.沒有人?！猈hat'sinyourschoolbag?你書包有啥呢？—Nothing.啥都沒有。none后面可力口of弓I導(dǎo)的介詞短語，而something/anything/everything/nothing/someone/anyone/everyone/noone去卻不能。如：Itisnoneofmybusiness!這不關(guān)我事。2.each與every的用法區(qū)別each強調(diào)“個體”具有代詞和形容詞的作用；every強調(diào)“全體”只能作定語。each作同位語時，不影響謂語動詞的數(shù)。不可用noteach來表示部分否定，而用notevery表示部分否定。如：Theticketseachcosttendollars.這些票每張要10美元。(each作同位語)every還可表示“每的、每中的”下列說法中只能用every：everyyearortwo每一兩年everynowandthen時常everyotherday每隔一天onecartoevery20people每20人乘一輛車

Chooseoneoutofeverytenboys.每10個男孩中選一個。3.another,other,theother,others與theothers的用法區(qū)另U不定代詞意義用法說明another再一個，另一個指同類事物中的另一個，用作代詞或形容詞。如：1don'tlikethiscoat.Showmeanother,please.other另外的只作定語，常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用；但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one以及my,your,his等時，則可與單數(shù)名詞連用。如:anyotherplant,everyotherdaytheother兩者中的另一個常與one連用，構(gòu)成one...theother...一個另一個；作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，表示“全部其余的”others泛指別的人或物是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，泛指別的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定語，構(gòu)成some...others...—些另一些theothers特指其余的人或物是theother的復(fù)數(shù)形式，特指其余的人或物4.both,all,either,any,neither與none的用法區(qū)別都任何都不兩者botheitherneither兩者（以上）allanynone如：IhadtobuyallthesebooksbecauseIdidn'tknowwhichonewasthebest.我不得不把這些書都買下來，因為我不知道哪一本最好。Itiseasytodotherepair.Allyouneedisahammerandsomenails.做這個修理工作很容易你所需要的是一把錘子和一些釘子。IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,butneitherofthemcame.我邀請喬和琳達(dá)吃晚飯，但是他們兩個一個都沒來。—Whichofthethreewaysshalltaketothevillage?三條路中哪一條通往那個村子？—Anywayasyouplease.任何一條都可以。Wehadthreesetsofthegardentoolsbutweseemedtohavenouseforany.我們有三套園藝工具，但是我們沒有怎么使用它們。one,ones,theone,theones,that與those的用法區(qū)別Jone用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞，是泛指概念，相當(dāng)于“/an+單數(shù)名詞”ones用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時可用that代替（尤其在有后置定語的情況下）；theones用來替代前面特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時可用those代替（尤其在有后置定語的情況下）；that用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或特指的不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the+單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”如：Mr.Zhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(=apresent)thatIhaveneverseen.張先生給了我一件十分珍貴的禮物，這件禮物是我從未見過的。Mr.Zhanggavememanyvaluablepresents,ones(=manypresents)thatIhaveneverseen.張先生給了我許多珍貴的禮物，它們是我從未見過的。Thebookonthedeskisbetterthanthat/theoneunderthedesk.桌子上的那本書比桌子下的那本好。Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theonesunderthedesk.桌子上的那些書比桌子下的那些好?？键c練透一、單句填空用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空，使其意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整。Wecouldn'teatinarestaurantbecauseofushadmoneyonus.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave.Althoughheiswealthy,hespendsonclothes.—CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?—Iamafraiddayispossible.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroom,youwillhavetopay15dollars.—ShallIsitatthisendoftheboatortheotherend?—Ifyoukeepstill,youcansitatend.Theseplantsarewatered(每兩天).Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwithmoneyandpeople.Therearealotoftreesonsideofthesquare.Youwillnotseetheanimalsinwinter.二、完成句子用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或副詞填空，使其意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整。Theweatherwasverysunnythefollowingday,waswhatwehadexpected.Ihavefinishedreadingallthebooksareborrowedfromtheschoollibrary.IsthisthesecondtimeyouhavebeentoGuangzhou?isreportedinthenewspaper,thewarbetweenthetwocountrieshascometoastop.Canyouthinkofanotherexamplethisphrasecanbeused?Thetrainonheistravelingislate.DoyoustillrememberthehappydayswespenttogetherinBeijing?Ihaveboughtthesameskirtsheiswearing.Isthisthereasonheislateagain?Herparentswouldn'tlethermarryanyonefamilywasverypoor.I,amyourbestfriend,willhelpyouout.Thedaywillcomethepeopleallovertheworldwillwinliberation.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutthestrangepeopleandstoriestheymetintheadventure.HeistheverymaninpocketIfoundmylostmoney.Ihaveapicturebyafamouspainterwassenttomeformybirthday.三、語篇填空用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空。Oneday,asCarl'swifewasgoingout,herchildbegantocry,beggingtogowith1.“Stayhome,”themothersaidtohim.“When2return,wewillkillapigfor3dinner!”Whenshecameback,4foundCarlpreparingtoslaughter(宰殺)apigforthechild'smeal.Shehurriedovertostop5.“Whatareyoudoing?Youarenotreallygoingtokillapig,areyou?”Iwasjustkiddinghim!“Howcan6lietochildren?”Carlreplied.“7learneachand8movementfrom9parents.If10deceiveyourchildwithlies,youareteachingthechildtolie.Onecannoteducatechildrenthisway.”Intheend,Carlkilledthepig.四、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Asayoungadult,NoahWebsterwasateacher.Atthattime,thecolonies1(fight)forindependencefromBritain.YetthebooksthatAmericanchildrenusedinschoolallcamefromBritain.ThebookswereallaboutBritishpeopleandBritishplaces.Websterwantedbooks2wouldmeanmoretoAmericanchildren's—agrammarbook,aspellingbook,andareader.Thesebookswereverypopular,andmillionsofthem3(sell).Websterwasinterestedinchangingthespellingsofwords.4wantedwordstobespelledthewaytheywerepronounced.Forexample,hethought5word"head”shouldbespelled"hed”，andtheword"laugh”shouldbespelled"laf”.PeoplelikedWebster'ssuggestions.Unfortunately,though,fewwordschangedwerewordsin6anunpronounced“u”followedan“o”.Thatis7Americanswritecolorandlabor,andtheBritishwritecolourandlabour.Withthemoneyhemade8hisbooks,Websterwasabletostartonhisgreatwork.Thisworktookmorethan20yearstowrite.ItwasthefirstAmericanEnglishdictionary,9(publish)in1828.Webster'sdictionaryhadover70,000wordsand10(give)themeaningandoriginofeach.Tothisday,Webster'sworkistheexamplethatmostdictionariesofAmericanEnglishfollow.助讀詞匯colonyn.殖民地unpronouncedadj.不發(fā)音的laborn.勞動dictionaryn.字典；詞典originn.起源tothisday至今參考答案考點練透一、單句填空1.none;any2.one3.little4.neither5.another6.either7.ev