祈使句的直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

CommandAndRequestGrammar祈使句的直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)丹寨民族高級(jí)中學(xué)Whatisthedifferenceamongthesentencesbelow:Openthewindow.Pleaseopenthewindow.Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?Commands(命令):

Do/Don’t…….Requests(請(qǐng)求):

Do……,pleaseCanyou……?Couldyou…..?Willyou…….?Wouldyou……?Decidewhetherthesesentencesarecommand(命令)orrequest(請(qǐng)求).Closethedoorplease.Getmesomethingtodrink.Takethedogforawalk.Canyouspeaklouder?Wouldyoucleanyourroom.Watchout!Keepsilent!Pleasedon’tleaveme.(command)(command)(command)(command)(request)(request)(request)(request)“Openthewindow,”theteachersaidtothestudents.Theteacher

told

thestudents

to

openthe

window.

2.“Don’topenthewindow,”theteachersaidtothestudents.Theteacher

told

thestudents

notto

openthe

window.Command表示命令的祈使句直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)

句型：tell/ordersb(not)todosth1)“Openthedoor.”hesaid.2)“Putupyourhand,Lily,”hesaid.3)“Bequiet.”Theteachersaidtothestudents.Hetold/orderedmetoopenthedoor.Heordered/toldLilytoputupherhand.Theteachertold/orderedthestudentstobequite.Exercises4)“Don’tsleepinclass.”theteachersaidtothestudents.Theteachertoldthestudentsnottosleepinclass.5)“Don’tlaughatothers.”hisparentssaid.Hisparentstoldhimnottolaughatothers.6)“Don’ttouchanything.”shesaidtohim.Shetoldhimnottotouchanything.“Openthewindow,please,”theteachersaidtothestudents.Theteacheraskedthestudentstoopenthewindow.2.“Don’topenthewindow,please,”theteachersaidtothestudents.Theteacheraskedthestudentsnottoopenthewindow.Request表示請(qǐng)求的祈使句的變成間接引語(yǔ)句型：

ask/begsb(not)todosth1)“Pleaseopenyourbook.”theteachersaid.Theteacheraskedmetoopenmybook.2)“Pleasedon’tleaveme.”shesaidtohim.Shebeggedhimnottoleaveher.Exercises4)“Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?”hesaid.Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.5)“Tom,mayIborrowyourpen?”shesaid.SheaskedTomtolendherhispen.3)“Pleaseturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.”theteachersaidtohim.Theteacheraskedhimtoturnoffthelightswhenhelefttheclassroom.注意：

●表示建議、勸告的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)還可以用：

advisesb(not)todosth

suggestdoingsth1.Shesaidtous,“Pleasehavearest.”Sheadvisedustohavearest.2.Hesaid,“Let’sgotothefilm.”

Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.

●表示警告、提醒的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)還可以用：

remindsb(not)todosth

warnsb(not)todosth

1.“Keepoutthegrass,”shesaidtothechildren.

Sheremindedthechildrentokeepoutthegrass.2.Theoldmansaid,“Don’tsmokeinthehall.”Theoldmanwarnedmenottosmokeinthehall.

祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的規(guī)律(沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的變化)一改（主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）二變（呼語(yǔ)變賓語(yǔ)）三加（動(dòng)詞前加to）四去（去掉委婉語(yǔ)氣的標(biāo)志please等）SummarySummarytellsb(not)todosth讓某人（不）做某事ordersb(not)todosth命令某人（不）做某事commandsb(not)todosth命令某人（不）做某事warnsb(not)todosth警告某人（不）做某事remindsb(not)todosth提醒某人（不）做某事asksb(not)todosth要求某人（不）做某事begsb(not)todosth乞求某人（不）做某事requestsb(not)todosth請(qǐng)求某人（不）做某事advicesb(not)todosth建議某人（不）做某事祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的句型總結(jié)1.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.

→He______me_____thewindow.

A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closing

C.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleasecloseExercises2.Hesaid,“Don’tdothatagain.”He_____me_______thatagain.A.saidto;nottodoB.saidto;don’tdoC.told;don’tdoD.told;nottodo3.“Don’tputitonmyhat.”hiswifesaidtohim.Hiswifetoldhim___putiton___hat.A.don’t,hisB.don’t,herC.notto,hisD.notto,her感嘆句的直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”Shesaidwhatalovelydayit

was.Shesaidthat

it

wasalovelyday.Hesaid,“HowhappyIam!”Hesaidhowhappyhe

was.Hesaidthat

he

washappy.既可以what或how引導(dǎo)，也可以用that引導(dǎo)?？偨Y(jié)：直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)1.陳述句：連接詞用that,且在口語(yǔ)中可省略。引述動(dòng)詞用said,told,等。2.一般疑問(wèn)句：連接詞用if或whether，而引述選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)只能用whether，引述動(dòng)asked。用陳述語(yǔ)序。3.特殊疑問(wèn)句：用原句中的疑問(wèn)詞作連接詞，用陳述語(yǔ)序。4.祈使句：ask/tell/order/…sbtodosth5.感嘆句：連接詞既可以用what/how,也可以用that總結(jié)：直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)1.人稱的變化：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。2.時(shí)態(tài)的變化：往前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，變成與過(guò)去相關(guān)的某種時(shí)態(tài)。（祈使句不變時(shí)態(tài)）3.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化。1.Thepolicemanwarnedthedrive________socarelessly.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.tonotdriveD.doesn’tdrive2.Theofficeorderedhissoldiers________.A.tostandstillB.tonotstandstillC.notstandstillD.standstillExercises

3.----HeaskedTom,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework？”----HeaskedTom

.A.ifhadhefinishedhishomework.B.whetherhehadfinishedhishomework.C.ifheh