組織行為學 英文版PPT CHAPTER1

1-1Chapter1

Introductionto

OrganizationalBehavior

EssentialsofOrganizationalBehavior,10/eStephenP.Robbins&TimothyA.Judge1-2Afterreadingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:Defineorganizationalbehavior(OB).ExplainthevalueofthesystematicstudyofOB.IdentifythecontributionsmadetoOBbymajorbehavioralsciencedisciplines.DescribehowOBconceptscanhelpmakeorganizationsmoreproductive.ListthemajorchallengesandopportunitiesformanagerstouseOBconcepts.IdentifythethreelevelsofanalysisinOB.1-3TheFieldofOrganizationalBehaviorOrganizationalBehaviorstudiestheinfluencethatindividuals,groupsandstructurehaveonbehaviorwithinorganizations.Itschiefgoalistoapplythatknowledgetowardimprovinganorganization’seffectiveness.1-4組織行為學——是綜合運用與人有關的各種知識，采用系統(tǒng)分析的方法，研究一定組織中人的心理和行為規(guī)律，從而提高各級主管人員對人的行為的預測和引導能力，以便更有效地實現(xiàn)組織目標的一門科學。1-5這一概念包括以下含義：

1.組織行為學的研究對象是人的心理和行為的規(guī)律性。

2.組織行為學的研究范圍是一定組織中的人的心理與行為的規(guī)律。

3.組織行為學不是孤立地而是系統(tǒng)地研究一定組織中人的行為規(guī)律的。

4.組織行為學研究的目的是在掌握一定組織中人的心理和行為規(guī)律性的基礎上，提高預測、引導、控制人的行為的能力，以達到組織既定的目標。1-6FocalPointsofOBJobsWorkAbsenteeismEmploymentturnoverProductivityHumanperformanceManagement1-7ComplementingIntuitionwithSystematicStudyIntuition:the“gutfeeling”explanationofbehavior.Systematicstudyimprovesabilitytoaccuratelypredictbehavior.Assumesbehaviorisnotrandom.Fundamentalconsistenciesunderliebehavior.Thesecanbeidentifiedandmodifiedtoreflectindividualdifferences.1-8SystematicStudyExaminesrelationships.Attemptstoattributecausesandeffects.Basesconclusionsonscientificevidence:Ondatagatheredundercontrolledconditions.Dataismeasuredandinterpretedinareasonablyrigorousmanner.1-9Evidence-BasedManagementComplementssystematicstudy.Basesdecisionsonthebestavailablescientificevidence.Forcesmanagerstobecomemorescientificintheirthinking.1-10ContributingDisciplines

totheOBFieldMicro:TheIndividualMacro:Groups&Organizations1-11組織行為學的性質與特點

（一）邊緣性、綜合性(marginalityandcomprehensiveness)

1.多學科交叉性(Intersectionality)

2.多層次性(multilaterallayer)第一層是個體。

第二層是群體。第三層是組織。第四層是組織的外部環(huán)境。1-12（二）兩重性(duality)

這種兩重性來自于以下三個方面：一是來自多學科性。(multidisciplinary)二是來自組織行為學的研究對象“人”本身的兩重性。三是來自管理的兩重性1-13（三）實用性(practicability)組織行為學相對于心理學、社會學、人類學等學科來說，它屬于應用性科學(Appliedscience),。而心理學、社會學、人類學是屬于理論性科學(Theoreticalscience)。這些學科是組織行為學的理論基礎。1-14FewAbsolutesinOBImpossibletomakesimpleandaccurategeneralizationsHumanbeingsarecomplexanddiverseOBconceptsmustreflectsituationalconditions:contingencyvariables1-15ChallengesandOpportunitiesforOBTheworkplaceiscontainsawidemixofcultures,races,ethnicgroups,gendersandagesEmployeeshavetolearntocopewithrapidchangeduetoglobalcompetitionCorporateloyaltyhasdecreasedduetocorporatedownsizinganduseoftempworkersManagerscanbenefitfromOBtheoryandconcepts1-16RespondingtoGlobalizationIncreasedforeignassignmentsDifferingneedsandaspirationsinworkforceWorkingwithpeoplefromdifferentculturesDomesticmotivationaltechniquesandmanagerialstylesmaynotworkOverseeingmovementofjobstocountrieswithlow-costlabor1-17ManagingWorkforceDiversityWorkforcediversity:

organizationsarebecomingamoreheterogeneousmixofpeopleintermsofgender,age,race,ethnicity,andsexualorientation1-18DiversityImplications“Managershavetoshifttheirphilosophyfromtreatingeveryonealiketorecognizingdifferencesandrespondingtothosedifferencesinwaysthatensureemployeeretentionandgreaterproductivitywhile,atthesametime,notdiscriminating.”1-19OBOffersInsightsInto:ImprovingqualityandproductivityCustomerserviceandbuildingacustomer-responsivecultureDevelopingpeopleskills1-20OBAidsinDealingWith:StimulatingInnovationandChangeIncreasing“temporariness”intheworkplaceHelpingemployeesbalancework-lifeconflictsImprovingethicalbehavior1-21ThinkingPositiveCreatingapositiveworkenvironmentcanbeacompetitiveadvantagePositiveOrganizationalScholarship(PositiveOB):Examineshoworganizationsdevelophumanstrengths,fostervitalityandresilience,andunlockpotential.Focusisonemployeestrengths,nottheirweaknesses.1-22ThreeLevelsofOBAnalysisChapters2-7Chapters8-13Chapters14-16PlanoftheBook1-23ImplicationsforManagersOBhelpswith:InsightstoimprovepeopleskillsValuingofworkforcediversityEmpoweringpeopleandcreatingapositiveworkenvironmentDealingwithlaborshortagesCopinginaworldoftemporarinessCreatinganethicallyhealthyworkenvironment1-24研究和應用組織行為學的意義及作用（一）有助于加強以人為中心的管理，充分調動人的積極性、主動性和創(chuàng)造性。（二）有助于知人善用，合理地使用人才。（三）有助于改善人際關系，增強群體的合理凝聚力和向心力。（四）有助于提高領導水平，改善領導者和被領導者的關系。（五）有助于組織變革和組織發(fā)展。1-25ThemeaningandsignificanceoflearningandapplyingOB(A)tohelpstrengthenpeople-centeredmanagement.(B)tohelpappreciatingpersonreasonably(C)tohelpimprovingrelationships.(D)tohelpimprovingthelevelofleadership.(E)tocontributingtoorganizationalchangeandorganizationaldevelopment.1-26KeepinMind…OB’sgoalistounderstandandpredicthumanbehaviorinorganizations.Fundamentalconsistenciesunderliebehavior.ItismoreimportantthanevertolearnOBconcepts.Bothmanagersandemployeesmustlearntocopewithtemporariness.1-27SummaryDefinedOrganizationalBehavior(OB).