軍事英語(yǔ)基本詞匯和表達(dá)(英漢對(duì)照)

軍事英語(yǔ)基本詞匯和表達(dá)MilitarySystem軍制PLA’shighestpolicy-makingbody:CentralMilitaryCommission(CMC)

ThePLAGeneralDepartmentsareimmediatelyunderit.Theyare:theHeadquartersoftheGeneralStaff,theGeneralPoliticalDepartment,theGeneralLogisticsDepartment,andtheGeneralArmamentsDepartment.(總參謀部，總政治部，總后勤部，總裝備部)ThePLAiscomposedofdifferentarmsandservices,theyare:Army,Navy,AirForceandSecondArtillery.Thelargestarmyunitis

militaryareacommands(軍區(qū)).Theestablishmentofarmyunitgoesas:

grouparmy,division,brigade,regiment,battalion,company,platoonandsquad.

（集團(tuán)軍、師、旅、團(tuán)、營(yíng)、連、排、班）~commander~leader模擬~-----simulated~MilitarySystemMilitaryServicesandArms軍兵種The

modern

Army

has

more

and

more

arms.

Theyare:Infantry,

artillery,

armored

force,

engineer,Airdefenseforce,armyaviation,special

troops,reconnaissance

troops,communication

unit,electroniccountermeasureservicemenandsoon.TheAirForcecomprises

fightingaviationarms,bomberaviationarms,parachutecorps(airbornetroops),missilecorps,radarcorps,etc.TheNavyiscomposedof

surfaceshipunitandsubmarineunit,navalaviation,marinecorps,coastaldefenseandsoon.RanksInTheChineseArmedForces一級(jí)上將----GeneralFirstClass上將--------General中將--------LieutenantGeneral少將--------MajorGeneral大校--------SeniorColonel上校--------Colonel中校--------LieutenantColonel少校--------MajorRanksInTheChineseArmedForces上尉--------Captain中尉--------FirstLieutenant少尉--------SecondLieutenant軍事長(zhǎng)------MasterSergeant專業(yè)軍士----SpecialistSergeant上士--------Sergeant,FirstClass中士--------Sergeant下士--------Corporal上等兵------Private,FirstClass列兵--------PrivateRanksInTheNavy一級(jí)上將----Admiral,FirstClass上將--------Admiral中將--------ViceAdmiral少將--------RearAdmiral大校--------SeniorCaptain上校--------Captain中校--------Commander少校--------LieutenantCommander上尉--------Lieutenant中尉--------Lieutenant,JuniorGrade少尉--------Ensign軍事長(zhǎng)------ChiefPettyOfficer專業(yè)軍士----SpecialistPettyOfficer上士--------PettyOfficer,FirstClass中士--------PettyOfficer,SecondClass下士--------PettyOfficer,ThirdClass上等兵------Seaman,FirstClass列兵--------Seaman,SecondClassRanksInTheNavy一級(jí)上將----General,FirstClass上將--------General中將--------LieutenantGeneral少將--------MajorGeneral大校--------SeniorColonel上校--------Colonel中校--------LieutenantColonel少校--------MajorAirForce上尉--------Captain中尉--------FirstLieutenant少尉--------SecondLieutenant軍事長(zhǎng)------MasterSergeant專業(yè)軍士----SpecialistSergeant上士--------TechnicalSergeant中士--------StaffSergeant下士--------Corporal上等兵------Airman,FirstClass列兵--------Airman,SecondClassAirForceCommonOrders起床！集合！出（上）操！立正！稍息！向右看-齊！向左看-齊！向前-看！報(bào)數(shù)！點(diǎn)名！到！立定！靠攏！Getup!Fallin!Attenddrill!Attention!Atease!Right-dress!Left-dress!Eyes-front!Countoff!Calltheroll!Rollcall!Here!Halt!Close!CommonOrders向左-轉(zhuǎn)！向右-轉(zhuǎn)！向后-轉(zhuǎn)！齊步-走！踏步！跑步-走！正步-走！右轉(zhuǎn)彎-走！左轉(zhuǎn)彎-走！前進(jìn)！一二一！Left-face(Leftturn)!Right-face(Rightturn)!About-face(Aboutturn)!Forward-march(Marchoff)!Marktime-march!Double(time)-march!Marchatattention!Right-wheel!Left-wheel!Advance!Leftrightleft!CommonOrders取(拿)槍！肩槍！槍放下！臥倒！裝子彈！退子彈！射擊！起立！解散！Takearms！Shoulderarms！Orderarms！Down！Load！Unload！Fire！Getup(Standup)！Dismiss！400m-ObstacleRace&PhysicalTraining

四百障礙和體能訓(xùn)練軟橋

螺旋梯高低杠浮橋模擬沙灘阻絕墻單杠雙杠仰臥起坐越野跑訓(xùn)練場(chǎng)

softbridgecocklestairsunevenbarsfloatingbridgesimulationbeachstopwallhorizontalbarparallelbarssit-upcross-countryracetraininggroundWeaponsandEquipmentClassificationofWeaponsByuser–whatpersonorunitusestheweapon;Byfunction–theconstructionoftheweaponandprincipleofoperation;Bytarget–thetypeoftargettheweaponisdesignedtoattackA.Classification–ByuserPersonalweapon/Smallarmhandgun,rifle,shotgun,manual,semi-automatic/fullautomaticweaponman-portablemachinegunLightweaponrocket,missile,grenadelauncher,rocketlauncher,landmine,antiaircraftgun,mortar,handgrenade,rocket-propelledgrenade(RPG)Personalweapon/Smallarm+LightweaponSALW小/輕武器（小武器）散彈槍/獵槍便捷式機(jī)槍榴彈發(fā)射器火箭發(fā)射器；火箭筒高射炮迫擊炮手榴彈火箭推進(jìn)榴彈Heavyweapon:missile,combatvehicle,tank,howitzerInfantrysupportweapon(crew-servedweapon):

班組支援武器medium,heavymachinegun,anti-tankgun,anti-aircraftgun,recoillessrifle,automaticgrenadelauncher,mortarwithcaliberlessthan120mm(4.72inches),shoulder-launchedmissileweapon,staticanti-tankandanti-aircraftmissileA.Classification–Byuser榴彈炮無(wú)后坐力炮口徑靜態(tài)的A.Classification–ByuserFortificationweapon防御工事武器MountainweaponspackhowitzersVehicleweaponscannon;sentrygun;remoteweaponsystem(RWS)Aircraftweapons:guns,cannons,bombs,missiles,rockets,air-launchedtorpedoes空投魚雷遠(yuǎn)程遙控武器系統(tǒng)A.Classification–ByuserNavalweapons:submarine-launchedballisticmissilesSpaceweapons:Anti-satelliteweapons(ASAT)Autonomousweapons:Militaryrobotarecapableofaccomplishingamissionwithlimitedornohumanintervention潛射彈道導(dǎo)彈Daksh-RemotelyOperatedVehicledevelopedbyDRDOGuardium

-anIsraeliunmannedsecurityvehicle(USV)PackBot-aseriesofmilitaryrobotsMQ-9Reaper,unmannedcombatairvehicle(UCAV)MQ-1Predator,remotepilotedaircraftNon-lethalweaponsSuicideweaponsAntimatterweaponsB.Classification–Byfunction中國(guó)奉行防御性的國(guó)防政策。中國(guó)把捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全和領(lǐng)土完整，保障國(guó)家發(fā)展利益和保護(hù)人民利益放在高于一切的位置，努力建設(shè)與國(guó)家安全和發(fā)展利益相適應(yīng)的鞏固國(guó)防和強(qiáng)大軍隊(duì)，在全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)進(jìn)程中實(shí)現(xiàn)富國(guó)和強(qiáng)軍的統(tǒng)一。Chinapursuesanationaldefensepolicywhichispurelydefensiveinnature.Chinaplacestheprotectionofnationalsovereignty,security,territorialintegrity,safeguardingoftheinterestsofnationaldevelopment,andtheinterestsoftheChinesepeopleaboveallelse.Chinaendeavorstobuildafortifiednationaldefenseandstrongmilitaryforcescompatiblewithnationalsecurityanddevelopmentinterests,andenrichthecountryandstrengthenthemilitarywhilebuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallaspects.NationalDefensePolicy維護(hù)國(guó)家安全統(tǒng)一，保障國(guó)家發(fā)展利益；實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展；加強(qiáng)以信息化為主要標(biāo)志的軍隊(duì)質(zhì)量建設(shè)；貫徹積極防御的軍事戰(zhàn)略方針；堅(jiān)持自衛(wèi)防御的核戰(zhàn)略；營(yíng)造有利于國(guó)家和平發(fā)展的安全環(huán)境。Chinese'snationaldefensepolicyforthenewstageinthenewcenturybasicallyincludes:upholdingnationalsecurityandunity,andensuringtheinterestsofnationaldevelopment;achievingtheall-around,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentofChina'snationaldefenseandarmedforces;enhancingtheperformanceofthearmedforceswithinformationizationasthemajormeasuringcriterion;implementingthemilitarystrategyofactivedefense;pursuingaself-defensivenuclearstrategy;andfosteringasecurityenvironmentconducivetoChina'speacefuldevelopment.

新世紀(jì)新階段中國(guó)國(guó)防的基本內(nèi)容是：中國(guó)實(shí)行積極防御的軍事戰(zhàn)略，在戰(zhàn)略上堅(jiān)持防御、自衛(wèi)和后發(fā)制人的原則。適應(yīng)世界軍事發(fā)展的新趨勢(shì)，依據(jù)國(guó)家安全和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的要求，中國(guó)制定了新時(shí)期積極防御的軍事戰(zhàn)略方針。Chinaimplementsamilitarystrategyofactivedefense.Strategically,itadherestotheprincipleoffeaturingdefensiveoperations,self-defenseandstrikingandgettingthebetteroftheenemyonlyaftertheenemyhasstartedanattack.Inresponsetothenewtrendsinmilitarydevelopmentsandtherequirementsofthenationalsecurityanddevelopmentstrategy,Chinahasformulatedamilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseforthenewperiod.

StatementsonSensitiveIssues1.TaiwanIssue臺(tái)灣自古以來(lái)就是中國(guó)領(lǐng)土，這是中國(guó)政府堅(jiān)持的原則。中國(guó)政府解決臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題的基本方針是“和平統(tǒng)一、一國(guó)兩制”。世界上只有一個(gè)中國(guó)，臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分，中央政府在北京。這是舉世公認(rèn)的事實(shí)，也是和平解決臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題的前提。TaiwanisChina’sterritorysinceancienttimes,whichistheprinciplethatChineseGovernmentadheresto.ThebasicpositionofChineseGovernmentonsettlingtheTaiwanquestionis:peacefulreunification;onecountry,twosystems.TaiwanisaninalienablepartofChinaandtheseatofChina'scentralgovernmentisinBeijing.ThisisauniversallyrecognizedfactaswellasthepremiseforapeacefulsettlementoftheTaiwanquestion.1.TaiwanIssue臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題純屬中國(guó)的內(nèi)政，臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題應(yīng)該也完全可以通過(guò)兩岸的協(xié)商，在一個(gè)中國(guó)的架構(gòu)內(nèi)求得合理的解決。

TheTaiwanquestionispurelyaninternalaffairofChina,TheTaiwanquestionshouldandentirelycanberesolvedjudiciouslythroughbilateralconsultationsandwithintheframeworkofoneChina.2.SouthChinaSeaissue中國(guó)對(duì)南海諸島及其附近海域擁有主權(quán)。中國(guó)保證南海及其附近海域的通航安全，這與中國(guó)擁有這一地區(qū)的主權(quán)不矛盾。中國(guó)奉行和平發(fā)展的國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略，是維護(hù)南海穩(wěn)定的重要力量。Chinahassovereigntyovertheislandsandtheiradjacentwaters.Chinapledgedto