face to face 高英二冊第一課

FacetoFacewithHurricaneCamille

ByJosephP.Blank

TeachingAimsToknowthewritingtechniquesofanarrativeTobeacquaintedwithsomeliterarytermsofnarrationTolearntousewordstodescribedisastersandviolenceToappreciatethelanguagefeaturesTolearntowriteastoryaboutdisastersTeachingContentsI.BackgroundknowledgeII.TheliterarystyleIII.detailedstudyofthetextIV.OrganizationalpatternV.languagefeaturesVI.QuestionsforgroupdiscussionCanyounamesomethingasdevastiveashurricanes?

Naturaldisasters1Landmovementdisasters

avalanchesearthquakeslaharslandslidesandMudflowsvolcaniceruptions2Waterdisasters

floodslimniceruptionstsunamis3Weatherdisasters

blizzardsdroughtshailstormsheatwavescyclonicstorms

4Healthanddisease

epidemicfamineNaturalDisastersearthquakeflooddroughthurricanetornadotyphoonsandstormsnowstormsnowslidelandslidetsunamivolcaniceruptionBrainstormingbrainstormingHowmanykindsofwinddoyouknow?Givesomeexamplesandexplaintheirmeaning.windsair--Anatmosphericmovement;abreezeorwind.微風(fēng)大氣的流動；一陣微風(fēng)或風(fēng)blast--Averystronggustofwindorair.強(qiáng)風(fēng)：一陣突然的強(qiáng)風(fēng)或氣流bluster--Aviolent,gustywind.狂風(fēng)，狂吹breath--微風(fēng)hardlyabreathofair幾乎沒有一點風(fēng)It'sreallysultry.Thereisn'tabreathofair/wind.真的悶熱得很,一點兒風(fēng)也沒有。breezeAlightcurrentofair;agentlewind.微風(fēng)，輕風(fēng)：輕微的空氣流；微風(fēng)cyclone--Aviolent,rotatingwindstorm.旋風(fēng)，龍卷風(fēng)：猛烈旋轉(zhuǎn)的暴風(fēng)gale--Averystrongwind.大風(fēng)gust--Astrong,abruptrushofwind.一陣突然強(qiáng)風(fēng)hurricane--AseveretropicalcycloneoriginatingintheequatorialregionsoftheAtlanticOceanorCaribbeanSea,travelingnorth,northwest,ornortheastfromitspointoforigin,andusuallyinvolvingheavyrains.颶風(fēng)puff--Ashort,suddengustofwind.一陣風(fēng)：一陣短促而突然的風(fēng)tornado--Arotatingcolumnofairusuallyaccompaniedbyafunnel-shapeddownwardextensionofacumulonimbuscloudandhavingavortexseveralhundredyardsindiameterwhirlingdestructivelyatspeedsofupto500miles(800kilometers)perhour.cyclone旋風(fēng)typhoon臺風(fēng)whirlwind旋風(fēng)tornado龍卷風(fēng)waterspout海上龍卷風(fēng)twister陸地龍卷風(fēng)breeze微風(fēng)gale大風(fēng)zephyr西風(fēng)monsoon季風(fēng)drymonsoon冬季季風(fēng)wetmonsoon夏季季風(fēng)Inweatherforecastwehavewindy

有風(fēng);breezy

微風(fēng)陣陣;gentlewind和風(fēng);galewind

大風(fēng)heavy/highwind大風(fēng);windyanddusty風(fēng)沙stormywind暴風(fēng);gust陣風(fēng);piercingwind寒風(fēng)

lightair

1級風(fēng);lightbreeze

2級風(fēng);gentlebreeze

3級風(fēng);moderatebreeze4級風(fēng);freshbreeze

5級風(fēng);

strongbreeze

6級風(fēng);

moderategale

7級風(fēng);freshgale

8級風(fēng);

stronggale

9級風(fēng);wholegale

10級風(fēng);

storm

11級風(fēng);hurricane

12級風(fēng)/颶風(fēng)Warming-upActivities

WhatisyourideaaboutHurricanes?

Howdangerousarethey?

HaveyoueverbeeninHurricanes?Orhaveyoueverbeenconfrontedwithanynaturaldisaster?Howdoyoufeel?Exchangeyourideas.

WhatdoyouthinkyouwoulddofirstifyouwereconfrontedwithHurricanes?BackgroundKnowledgeHurricane,typhoon,stormNamingofhurricanesandtyphoonsHurricaneCamille,BetsyBackgroundKnowledge1.Hurricane:AHurricaneisatropicalstorminwhichwindsattainspeedsgreaterthan75milesperhour(120km).ThetermisoftenrestrictedtothosestormsoccurringovertheNorthAtlanticOcean.

Incipient([in'sipi?nt]初期的)hurricanesusuallyformoverthetropicalNAtlanticOceanandmatureastheydriftwestward.HurricanesalsooccasionallyformoffthewestcoastofMexicoandmovenortheastwardfromthatarea.Anaverageof3.5tropicalstormsperyeareventuallymatureintohurricanesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica,usuallyovertheCaribbeanSeaorGulfofMexico.

2.Typhoon/cyclone:SimilarstormsoccurringovertheWestPacificOceanandChinaSeasarecalledtyphoons.ThoseovertheIndianOceanarecalledtropicalcyclones(旋風(fēng)).Tornado:alocalizedandviolentlydestructivewindstormoccurringoverlandcharacterizedbyafunnel-shapedcloudextendingtowardtheground

一般只指開闊”陸地上“形成的”龍卷風(fēng)“，規(guī)模一般比hurricane小。

Astormisnamedwhenitreachestropicalstormstrengthwithwindsof39mph,andbecomesahurricaneortyphoonwhenitswindspeedreaches75mph.75m.p.h.storm39m.p.hHurricane/typhoonTheNationalWeatherServiceoftheUnitedStateshasusedgirls'namestoidentifyhurricanesintheAtlantic,Caribbean,andGulfofMexicosince1953andthenamesweregiveninalphabeticalorder.3.HowareHurricanesNamed?Eachnameontheliststartswithadifferentletter,forexample,thenameoftheveryfirsthurricaneoftheseasonstartswiththeletterA,thenextstartswiththeletterB,andsoon.Theletters"Q","U","X","Y"and"Z",however,arenotused.

HowareHurricanesNamed?Asemi-permanentlistof10setsofnamesinalphabeticalorderwasestablishedin1971.

Thispracticeofgivinggirls'namestohurricaneschangedrecently.In1980ahurricanewasgivenaman'snameandwascalledHurricaneDavid.HowareHurricanesNamed?TheyalsobeganusingFrenchandSpanishmaleandfemalenamesatthistime.HurricaneseasonusuallystartsonJune1andendsonNov.30.HowareHurricanesNamed?Oftenwhenanunusuallydestructivehurricanehits,thathurricane'snameisretiredandneverusedagain.Since1954,fortynameshavebeenretired.In1996HurricaneLuiswasretired.HowareHurricanesNamed?HurricanenamesarechosenfromalistselectedbytheWorldMeteorological

(氣象的）Organization.Thereisactuallyonelistforeachofsixyears.Inotherwords,onelistisrepeatedeveryseventhyear.HowareHurricanesNamed?4.Howaretyphoonsnamed?TyphoonsaretropicalstormsthatformoverthePacificOceannorthoftheequator.

Hurricanesaregivengirls'namesandtyphoonsareusuallygivenserialnumbers.

Eachofthe14nationsthattyphoonsaffectsubmittedalistofnamesforatotalof141names.Thenamesincludeanimals,flowers,astrological（星相學(xué)的）signsandafewpersonalnames.Chinesenamesoftyphoonsconsistoflongwang,yutu,fengshen,dujuan,haima,wukong,haiyan,haishen,dianmu,haitang

(龍王，玉兔，風(fēng)神，杜鵑，海馬，悟空，海燕，海神，電母，海棠）

5.HurricaneCamilleHurricaneCamilleisthestormlashing(striking,attacking)MississippiandLouisianafortwodays,Aug.17-18,in1969.

HurricaneCamilleissaidtobetheworststormevertohitmainlandUnitedStates.Withwindsinexcessof200mphandtidesover20feet,HurricaneCamillesmashedintotheMississippiGulfCoastonSundaynight,the17thofAugustandcontinueditsdevastatingpathuntiltheearlyhoursofMonday,the18th.Thecombinationofwinds,surges,andrainfallscaused256deaths(143ontheGulfCoastand113intheVirginiafloods)and$1.421billionindamage.ThreedeathwerereportedinCuba.

HurricaneBetsyisthestormlashingFlorida,MississippiandLouisianain1965fromSept.7-10,causingthedeathof74persons.HurricaneBetsyTheliterarystyle1.

Typeofliterature:Apieceof_________.Simplydefined,narrationisthetellingofastory.Apieceofnarrationismainlydevelopedintheactual________sequence.Thewritertellsthereaderswhathappensfirstandwhatnext.timenarrationTheliterarytermsnarrationstorytellingextendednarrationnovelshistoriesbiographiesautobiographiestraveloguesLiterarytermsofnarration:Protagonist(主角)leadingcharacterAntagonist(反面主角)thepeopleorforcesprotagonistsfightagainstSuspense(懸念)thestateofuncertaintyInterposition(插入)thepassagewhichisputbetweentheactionThepurposeistoaddmoreinformationtocreatesuspenseFlashback(倒敘，閃回)interruptionofchronologicalsequencebyinterjectionofeventsofearlieroccurrenceClimax(高潮)themostexciting,importantinterestingpartonthestoryDenouement[dei'nu:m??]

(小說或戲劇的結(jié)局)

theendingofastoryAgoodstoryhasabeginning,amiddleandanend,eventhoughitmaystartinthemiddleoratsomeotherpointintheactionandmovebackwardtotheearlierhappenings.

Organization:

beginingdevelopmentclimaxendTheessentialsofnarration:1)_____________(time&place)2)_____________3)_____________SettingCharactersPlot－time－place－character(protagonist/antagonist)－action(incidents,events,etc.)－conflicts(suspense,tension)－climax－denouement

Theessentialsofnarration:3.Organization(discussion)

：Howmanypartsdoesthearticlefallinto?Analyzethestructure.OrganizationPartI(paras.______)Introduction_______________PartII(paras.___________)development&climaxstruggleagainsthurricaneclimax(Para27)PartIII(paras._______)conclusionthesceneandreliefworkafterthestorm1-6settingofthestory7–2728-39Introductory(Para.1–6)timeplacebackgroundconflict:manversushurricanesmaincharacter:JohnKoshakJr.OrganizationoftheTextThewriterbuildsupandsustainsthesuspenseinthestoryandgiveslogicalmovementtothesequenceofhappeningsbydescribingtheincidentsindetailandvividly,showinghowtheKoshaksandtheirfriendsstruggledagainsteachonslaught(attack)ofthehurricane.Development(Para.7–27)OrganizationoftheTextThewriterdescribestheseactionsintheorderoftheiroccurrence.Thisnaturaltimesequenceorchronologicalorderholdsthestorytogether.ThestormreachesitsclimaxinParagraph27andfromthereonthestorymovesrapidlytoitsconclusion.Thefamilysurvivedthestorm.OrganizationoftheTextInthelastParathewriterstateshisthemebehindhisstoryinthereflectionofGrandmotherKoshak:“Welostpracticallyallourpossessions,butthefamilycamethroughit.WhenIthinkofthat,Irealizewelostnothingimportant.”O(jiān)rganizationoftheText4.Theme

___________aremoreimportantthan_________________.Humanlivesmaterialpossessions

ThemeManvs.naturePartISettingofthestoryDetailedStudyofthetextWhatarethefirst6paras.mainlyabout?

What’sthemeaningof“facetoface”?Whatdoyouthinkofthewordingofthetitle?WhatwasJohnKoshakJr.’sjob?WhatarethereasonsforJohn’sdecisionofstayinginsteadoffleeing?Whatpreparationsdidtheymake?Paras.1-6

Whatarethefirst6paras.mainlyabout?timeplacecharactersconflict:manversusnaturesuspense:thecomingofaviolenthurricaneDiscussiononthetitle:facetoface(with):confrontingeachotherTheconfrontationisgenerallyconnectedwithsomethingdangerous,difficultorhardtoresolve.Connotingasenseof________________E.g.facetofacewiththeenemy,thetiger,theproblem,etc.Theheadingpresentsthearticleas_______andas__________aspossibletoattracttheattentionofwould-bereaders.urgencyanddangervividlyforcefullyPara.1Doespara.1haveatopicsentence?Howisthepara.developed?What’sthefunctionofthelastsentence?Jr.Jr.isthe____________of“junior”.ThistermisgenerallyusedintheUnitedStatesandisputafterthenameofa______toindicatehehasthesamefirstnameashisfather.ThetermSr.(senior)issometimesputafterthenameofthefather.Thisisdoneonlywithmen’snames.abbreviationsonIfthenamecontinuesintothethirdgeneration,Romannumerals(I.,II.,III.,etc.)areused.Thishappensmainlyamongbig,rich,upperclassfamilies.e.g.,JohnRockefellerI,JohnRockefellerII,andJohnRockefellerIII.Warningshadsounded:Radioandtelevisionhadbroadcastwarningsaboutthehurricane.TheNationalWeatherServiceoftheUnitedStatesbroadcastwarningsofpotentialhurricanes.August17:HurricaneCamilledevastated(destroy)theareafortwodaysAugustl7,l8.

GulfofMexico:

MosthurricanesinthisareaareformedovertheCaribbeanSeaandtheymoveovertheGulfofMexicotostrikethegulfstatesoftheUSFlorida,Mississippi,Louisiana,etc.lashtostrikewithgreatforce;tomoveviolentlyorsuddenlye.g.Thewaveslashedtherocks.Therainwaslashingagainstthewindows.pummel['p?ml]

:tobeatsuddenly;toattackvigorously;ortohitwithrepeatedblowsItwascertain...theKoshakslived:

TheKoshakswillhavetoputupwithmanyonslaughtsofthefiercestorm.Gulfport:seaportinMiss.Miss.:abbreviationforMississippi

Pummel:tobeatorhitwithrepeatedblows.連續(xù)地打E.g.Thethiefwaspushedandpummeledbyanangrycrowd.beat

最為常見，指使用手腳或工具等重復(fù)敲擊；pound打擊的力度比beat更大；pummel暗示用拳頭連續(xù)不停地毆打某人；thrash

原指用連敲打谷物，現(xiàn)指連續(xù)重?fù)簦籪log暗示用皮帶或鞭子抽打而予以懲罰；whip往往與flog相同，尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)抽打的動作。TheKoshakswillhavetoputupwithmanyonslaughtsofthefiercestorm.theKoshaks:

Whenan"s"isaddedtoasurnameandusedwiththedefinitearticle"the",theterm,then,standsforthewholefamily.e.g.theKoshaks:theKoshakfamily,alltheKoshaksinthefamilytheBrowns:theBrownfamilyFledinlandtosaferground:

Ranawayfromthecoasttotheinteriorofthecountrywheretheywouldbesafer.saferground:Thehurricanelosesforceasitblowsinlandandpeopleawayfromthecoastaresafefromtidalwavescausedbythehurricane.coastalcommunities:peoplelivingtogetherintowns,cities,villages,alongthecoastaged3to11:Theyoungestchildwasthreeyearsoldandtheeldest11yearsold.Theotherfivewereolderthan3andyoungerthan11.(Howmanypeoplearethereinthebigfamily?)endanger:

poseathreatto;presentadangertoAwarendangersmillionsoflives.

戰(zhàn)爭危及無數(shù)人的生命。Hishealthisendangeredbyoverwork.

他的健康因勞累過度而受到損害。Para.1:SummaryTopicsentence:JohnKoshakJr.knewthatHurricaneCamillewouldbebad.

Howistheparagraphdeveloped?

ThetopicissupportedbyfactsorreasonsshowinghowJohnKoshakJr.knewthatHurricaneCamillewouldbebad.

Whatarethefacts?radioandTVwarnings;alotofcoastalpeoplefledinland

Thefunctionofthelastsentence:servingasatransitionLeadingtothenextpoint:Whythedecisionwasmadenottoabandonhishome.IntroducingtheothercharacterswhoaretogetherwiththeKoshaks:

John’sparentsandCharlesHillJohnKoshak’sparentsleftCaliforniaandcametoGulfporttolivewiththeirson.IncapitalistcountriesespeciallyintheU.S.,children,whentheygrowupandstartworking,generallyliveawayfromtheirparents.(culturaldifference)LasVegascityistheseatofClarkCountyinSouthNevada.In1970ithadapopulationof125,787.Itsnightclubsandcasinos(娛樂場)areworldfamous.Revenue(收入)fromhotels,gambling,entertainmentandothertourist-orientedindustriesformsthebackboneofitseconomy.LasVegasPara.3-4Whatisthispara.mainlyabout?John,37:ellipticalsentenceJohn,whowas37yearsold,Whosebusinesswasrightthereinhishome:Hisbusinessoffice,workshop,etc.wereallinhishome.

right:exactly,preciselythere(inhishome)allofMagnaProducts'...onthefirstfloor:MagnaProducts:nameofthecompanyownedandrunbyJohnKoshakJr.

correspondence:letters

engineeringdrawings:diagramsandsketchesformachinesartwork:designs,models,picturesforthevarioustoysfirstfloor:

inU.S.,thegroundfloor;

inEuropeandGreatBritain,thefloorabovethisHurricaneBetsy

thestormlashingFlorida,MississippiandLouisianain1965fromSept.7-10,causingthedeathof74persons

demolish:destroy;ruin;pulldown;teardown;smashtopiecesDemolish/destroy/raze/annihilateannihilate[?'nai?leit]v.killinlargenumbers

Demolish:toteardown,smashtopiecesE.g.severalhousesweredemolishedtomakewayforthenewroad.destroy

最常見，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)破壞力度直達(dá)和徹底程度，一般不帶感情色彩或修辭色彩；demolish和raze通常用于巨大物體，如大型建筑物等，demolish常用引申義指任何復(fù)合體的被毀，raze幾乎無一例外地用于指建筑物的被毀。annihilate在這些詞中所表示的損壞程度最為強(qiáng)烈，字面意思是化為烏有，但在實際上往往用于指對人或物的嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷，如：annihilateanenemyforce.Koshakhadmovedhisfamilytoamotel:

motel:ahotelspeciallybuiltfortravellingmotorists,madeupofseparateroomsorsmallhouses,eachwithspaceforacarablend(合成詞),formedbycombiningpartsofmo(torist)+(ho)tel(initialofoneandendoftheother)Blendsmotel(motor+hotel)汽車旅館boatel(boat+hotel)氣艇游船旅館brunch(breakfast+lunch)早餐午餐并一頓吃chunnel(channel+tunnel)運河地下道slurb(slum+suburbs)市郊貧民區(qū)talkthon(talk+marathon)冗長的演說sitcom(situation+comedy)情景喜劇comint(communications+intelligence)通訊情報sportscasters(spots+broadcaster)體育節(jié)目廣播員masscult(mass+culture)平民文化

magalog

magalog(magazine+catalog)雜志目錄We'reelevated23feet:InBritishEnglishonewouldprobablysay"We're23feetabovesealevel."We'reagood250yardsfromthesea:We’reatleast250yardsdistantfromthesea.agood:meaning"atleast”,"full"足足(程度\數(shù)量)e.g.wewaitedagoodsixhours.我們足足等了三個小時.從這到火車站足足有五個小時的車程.他父母親狠狠地揍了他一頓.Wewaitedforagoodthreehours.Itisagoodfivehourstodrivetotherailwaystation.Hisparentsgavehimagoodbeating.Theplacehasbeenhere...everbotheredit:(Personification)Thehousehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehasevercausedanydamagetoit.wecanbattendownandrideitout:

Metaphor,comparingthehouseinahurricanetoashipfightingastormatsea

Wecanmakethenecessarypreparationsandsurvivethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.

batten:n.astripofwoodusedinconstructionandoftenusedintheolddaysinshipbuilding壓條;條板batterndown:v.tofastencanvas（帆）overthehatchesofaship,especiallyinpreparingforastorm用板條釘住;封艙

battendownthehatchesrideitout:(ofaship)tostayafloatduringastormwithouttoomuchdamage;lastsafelythrough(badweather)意為抵擋?。耧L(fēng)等的）襲擊，不受多少損傷的堅持到最后脫險

ReasonsforstayHedidn’tthinkhisfamilywasinanyrealdanger.HisformerhousehadbeendemolishedbyHurricaneBetsyforitstoodonlyafewfeetabovesealevel.Hispresenthousewas23feetabovesealeveland250yardsawayfromthesea.Hispresenthousewasinabetterconditionthanhisformerhouse.Hethoughttheywouldbesafehereasinanyplaceelse.2.Besides,hehadtalkedthematteroverwithhisfatherandmotherandconsultedhislongtimefriend,CharlesHill,beforemakinghisdecisiontostayandfacethehurricane.3.Heisaself-employedbusinessman.

Implication:Howgreatthelosswouldbeifthehousewasdestroyed.4.Hehasabigfamily.Itwouldbeverydifficulttomovethechildrenandoldcouple.

Whatpreparationsdidtheymake?Whatfor?Whatpreparationsdidtheymake?

TopicsentenceinPara.4–methodicallyFilledbathtubsandpails—forwaterCheckedoutbatteriesandflashlights—forlightsPortableradio—forcontactoftheoutsideworld,forinformationFuel—forelectricpowerGenerator—forpowerRefrigerator—forfoodThemenmethodicallypreparedforhurricane:Topic(thefollowingarethefactstoillustratethetopic)Themeninthehousemadeallthenecessarypreparationstofightthehurricaneandtheywentabouttheirworkinasystematicandorderlymanner.Sincewatermains...andpails:Theywereafraidthewatersupplymightbecutoffsotheyfilledthebathtubsandpailswithwater.main:aprincipalpipe,orlineinadistributingsystemforwater,gas,electricity,etc.SupportingdetailsApowerfailure...forthelantern:powerfailure:abreakdowninthesupplyofelectricitycheckout:toexamine(thebatteriesandfuel)andseeiftheywereallrightJohn'sfathermoved...totherefrigeratorgenerator:generator:adynamo;asmallmachineforproducingelectricitywiredseverallightbulbs:connectedseverallightbulbsbywiretothegenerator;whenthegeneratorproducedelectricity,thesebulbswouldlightup.preparedaconnection:Preparationswerealsomadetoconnect,whennecessary,therefrigeratortothegenerator.

grayclouds...ontherisingwind:scud:runormoveswiftly;glideorskimalongeasily疾行，飛馳；掠過

Birdsscudacrossthelakesurface.scuddedin:driveninlandbythewindGulf:theGulfofMexicorisingwind:windthatwasgettingstrongerandstronger

Thespeedofthesecloudsisanindicationoftheswiftnesswithwhichthestormisapproaching.Aneighbor...withtheKoshaks;whosehusbandwasinVietnam.

Thiswasl969.ThehusbandofthisneighborwasintheAmericanarmyfightinginVietnam.sitoutthestorm:tostayuntiltheendofthestormVietnamWaraprolongedwar(1954-1975)betweenthecommunistarmiesofNorthVietnamwhoweresupportedbytheChineseandthearmiesofSouthVietnamwhoweresupportedbytheUnitedStatesAnotherneighbor...ofhisdog?:

Thedashinthissentenceindicatesthatsomewordshavebeenleftoutandthestructuralpatternhasbeenchangedfromastatementtoanindirectquestion.Thesentencemightreadasfollows:"AnotherneighborcamebyonhiswayinlandandaskediftheKoshakswouldmindtakingcareofhisdog."破折號后的部分既非直接引述鄰人的原話，有沒按間接引述的要求轉(zhuǎn)述鄰人的問話，而保留直接問話的形式，其意在于既節(jié)省文字，又從中顯出鄰人那種形色匆匆，慌不擇言的狼狽相，讓人感到一種緊張迫切的氣氛，也烘托出即將來臨的颶風(fēng)的兇猛可怕。comeby:AmericanEnglish,topayavisitPartIIStruggleagainstCamilleParas.7-27ThewritersustainsthesuspenseinthestorybydescribingindetailandvividlytheincidentsshowinghowtheKoshaksandtheirfriendsstruggledagainsteachonslaughtofthehurricane.DevelopmentFocusofthestudy:1)diction:useofone-syllablewordsdescriptionsofwind,hurricane(water,destructionforce)house(roof,wall,window,floor,stairs)2)sentencelevel:useofshortandellipticalsentences3)translationofpassivesentences(para.19)4)understandingthemindofpeopleatcrisis.Questions(Para.7):Whatdoestheword“whip”(Windandrainwhippedthehouse)mean?Whatare“storm-shatteredpanes”?What’stheimpliedmeaningofthesentence“thewindmountedtoaroar”?Whatarethewordstheauthorusedtodescribewind?“Windandrainwhippedthehouse.”Strongwindandrainwaslashingorstrikingthehouseasifwithawhip.Here“whip”isusedmetaphorically.Windandrainactlikeaperson.(Personification)stayaway:keepfarawayfrom;nottogonearconcernedabout:anxious,uneasy,worriedaboutglassflyingfromstorm-shatteredpanes—smallpiecesofglassflyingaroundintheairwhenthepanesofawindowareshatteredbythestorm.shatter:breaksuddenlyinpieces;severelydamageorutterlydestroy砸碎；徹底破壞Stayaway...storm-shatteredpanesThewindmountedtoaroar:—Thesoundofthewindgetslouderastheforceofthewindincreases.Theroaringsoundindicatesthewindhasreachedhurricanestrength(over75mph).mountgouporadvance

seeminglyapparently;asifWithmops...spreadingwater:

Thehousewasleakingverybadly.TheKoshakshadtousealltheutensilstheycouldlaytheirhandson(mops,towels,pots,buckets)tofightagainsttheleakingwater.ThisisthefirstonslaughtoftheHurricane.At8:30...thegenerator:powerfailed:thesupplyofelectricitywascutoffPop:(slang)father;alsoafamiliartermofaddresstoanyelderlymanturnedonthegenerator:startedtheirgeneratortoproducetheirownelectricpowerPara.8Frenchdoorsgun-likereportsdisintegrateFrenchdoorsFrenchdoors:twoadjoiningdoorsthathaveglasspanedfromtoptobottomandtheyopeninthemiddleblewin:burstopenbythestorm,thetwoadjoiningdoors(oftheFrenchdoors)flewinwardsgun-likereports:loudexplosivenoiseslikegunsbeingfired(Simile)TheFrenchdoors...windowsdisintegrated.disintegrate:

collapse,crumble,fallapart;

breakintomanysmallpiecesandbedestroyed崩潰；瓦解windows

disintegrate:windowsbrokeup;windowsbrokeintopiecese.g.SincetheSovietUnion

disintegrated,theColdWarcametoanend.Para.9blast1.(anexplosion)burst,explosion爆炸2.astrongrushofwind,airorrain一陣；一股ablastofwindfling:

throwsth,oneselfwithalotofforce拋\扔

eg.

Tomseizedtheglassonthetableandflungitatme.Theyouthgothimbythefrontofhisshirtand

flung

himtotheground.

throw;cast;toss;hurl;pitchthrow最為常見,指通過手臂快速推動某物;cast的意義通常比throw更古老;toss指輕輕地或隨意地扔掉;hurl和fling都意味著用勁擲,但hurl暗示所投的物體移動速度快,而fling擇指投擲的力度大,足可以打破地面;pitch暗示在明確的目標(biāo)或方向下進(jìn)行投擲;shove

pushwithaquick,ratherviolentmovementE.g.Hedraggedherouttothedoorandshovedherintothestreet.Thecarwon'tstart.Canyougiveitashove?push;thrust;propelpush指用力推動所接觸的人或物;shove指粗暴地推開擋路的人或物,使勁推動重物;thrust指突然用力地推,使透過某物;propel指推進(jìn),推動;Thegeneratorwasdoused,andthelightswentoutWatergotintothegeneratorandputitout.Itstoppedproducingelectricitysothelightsalsowentout.douse[daus]

(dowse):1)infml.

toputout;turnoffthelight熄滅2)(in,with)immerse,soak,submerge,drench;toputintowaterorthroughwaterover浸泡E.g.Hedousedtheclothes

insoapywater.Thatwatertastedsalty:WhenCharlielickedsomedropsofwateronhislips,hefoundtheytastedsaltylikeseawater.Fromthisheconcludedtheywereinrealtrouble.Why?surgeBecauseitseemedthattheseawaterhadreachedthemalthoughtheywere23feetabovesealeveland250yardsfromthesea.waterwasrisingbytheminute:

Waterwasrisingeveryminute.Or:Waterwasrisingminutebyminute.Para.10“Everybodyoutthebackdoortothecars.”Whatdoestheellipticalsentenceshow?showingthetensionandurgencyofthemoment.Thefullsentence