【練習(xí)】仁愛(ài)版初中英語(yǔ)講義九年級(jí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的講解和練習(xí)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)開(kāi)心開(kāi)心刻二、（1）題講一、導(dǎo)入孩子弄的大人沒(méi)脾氣兒子問(wèn)老公：張飛他媽姓什么？老公：不知道。兒子：笨，姓吳，無(wú)事生非（吳氏生飛）都不知道。兒子再問(wèn)：張飛他爸姓什么？老公思索半天，猛拍腦門(mén)：姓惹，惹事生非！兒子狂笑：笨死了！姓張！你不跟你爸姓呀?！顚?zhuān)題1： 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述我吃了一個(gè)蘋(píng)果，那現(xiàn)在蘋(píng)果怎樣了？蘋(píng)果被我吃了。正如漢語(yǔ)中的被字句，英語(yǔ)中的“被字句”我們稱(chēng)之為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。2、五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)之一：主+謂+賓E.g:Ieatanapple.Tomplaysbasketball.（注:在“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。）3、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：bedone（過(guò)去分詞）

.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者fe.g.：ManypeoplespeakChinese.一.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者e.g.：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變化模式如圖:Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.4、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用情況：1）、當(dāng)不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)；Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的）2）、沒(méi)有必要或不想指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)；Thedoorwasopened.（沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）3）、只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。Thewindowwasbrokenbymike.窗戶(hù)是邁克打破的。5、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):bedone（總結(jié)構(gòu)）

時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do\doesam\is\are+done一般過(guò)去時(shí)didwas\were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am\is\are+doingam\is\are+being+done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was\were+doingwas\were+being+done一般將來(lái)時(shí)will+dowillbe+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have\has+donehave\has+been+done有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done6、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)步驟：1.判斷時(shí)態(tài)：思考這種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。2主變賓：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的賓語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的主語(yǔ)（同時(shí)賓變主）。.謂動(dòng)變被動(dòng)：把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be+done）.主語(yǔ)放by后，主格變賓格：把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by（被）之后，將主格變?yōu)橘e格。e.g.：1、Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.2、HecutsdownatreeAtreeiscutdownbyhim.3、Iameatinganapple.Anappleisbeingeatenbyme.4、TheygrowriceinSouthChina.RiceisgrowninSouthChina.5、Theywilldotheirhomeworktomorrow.Theirhomeworkwillbedonebythemtomorrow.7、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。(歌訣是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，情態(tài)加be，力口“過(guò)分”。)e.g：1.Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedbyusintwodays..Hemustfinishthisworksoon.Thisworkmustbefinishedbyhimsoon..Weshouldplanttreesinspring.Treesshouldbeplantedbyusinspring.初中階段可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can(bedone)能夠被…may(bedone)可以'能被…must(bedone)必須被…need(bedone)需要被…should(bedone)應(yīng)該被…三、漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說(shuō)”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說(shuō)”、“大家說(shuō)”等時(shí)。例如:Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.眾所周知 Itiswellknownthat…據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō) Itissupposedthat…三、漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說(shuō)”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說(shuō)”、“大家說(shuō)”等時(shí)。例如:Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat…據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō)……Itissupposedthat…四、漢語(yǔ)中含有“被”、“由”等詞時(shí)。例如:TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul.Tina是被Paul叫來(lái)的。五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：HewasborninOctober,1989.四、鞏固練習(xí)

一、單選：( )1.Theflowersoften.A.mustbewater B.mustbewateredC.mustwatered D.mustwater( )2.Thebooksmayfortwoweeks.A.bekept B.beborrowedC.keep D.borrow( )3.ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended( )4.NowthesemagazinesA.havekeptC.havebeenkeeping( )5.ThepotforhotwaterA.used;keepingC.isused;tokeep( )4.NowthesemagazinesA.havekeptC.havebeenkeeping( )5.ThepotforhotwaterA.used;keepingC.isused;tokeep( )6.TeainthesouthofChelibraryforalongtime.B.arekeepingD.havebeenkeptB.wasused;keepingD.areused;keepA.growsisgrownweregrownD.willA.growsisgrownweregrownD.willgrow( )7.Thebridgestwoyearsago.A.isbuilt B.built C.werebuilt D.wasbuilt( )8.Thebike500yuan.A.wascost B.costed C.cost D.iscosted( )9.--Kategotherdriver,slicenseyesterday.--Ithink15-year-oldsdrive.Theyarenotcalmenough.A.shouldbeallowednotto B.shouldallowtoC.shouldn,tbeallowedto D.shouldbeallowedto( )10.ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaonOctober1,1949.A.found B.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound五、拓展訓(xùn)練一、將下列主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句

Theteachertoldhimnottowastetimeonplayingcomputergames.Theworkersarebuildinganewrailwaybetweenthetwocities.Theyshoulddoitrightnow.TheynamedtheboyJohnson.Themonsterletthelittlegirlcleanthecave..6.eopleinthetownlaughatMikeforhisfancydress..Wecan'tdoitinyoneda.Youngpeoplemusttakegoodcareofoldpeople當(dāng)堂過(guò)手訓(xùn)練(快練五分鐘，穩(wěn)準(zhǔn)建奇功！)一、單選：( )1.EnglishinCanada.A.speaksarespokenisspeakingisspokenA.speaksarespokenisspeakingisspoken( )2.ThisEnglishsongbythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangisoftensangisoftenA.oftensingsB.oftensangisoftensangisoftensung)3.ThiskindofcarinJapan.A,makesmadeismakingismadeA,makesmadeismakingismade)4.Newcomputersallovertheworld.isusedareusingareusedhaveusedisusedareusingareusedhaveused)5.Ourroommustclean.A.keepbekepttobekepttokeepA.keepbekepttobekepttokeep)6.Doctorsineverypartoftheworld.A.needareneedingareneededwillneedA.needareneedingareneededwillneedB.ispublishing)7.Hisnewbooknextmonth.B.ispublishingAwillbepublishedisbeingpublishedhasbeenpublishedisbeingpublishedhasbeenpublished)8.Japaneseineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking( )9.Thesepapers yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenA.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking( )9.Thesepapers yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten初中英語(yǔ)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表1.AAA動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞

cost[kost]cost[kost]cost[kost]花費(fèi)cut[kAt]cut[kAt]cut[kAt]割，切hurt[h:t]hurt[h:t]hurt[h:t]受傷hit[hit]hit[hit]hit[hit]打，撞let[let]let[let]let[let]讓put[put]put[put]put[put]放下read[ri:d]read[ri:d]read[ri:d]讀set[set]set[set]set[set]安排，安置spread[spred]spread[spred]spread[spred]展開(kāi)，傳播，涂spit[spit]spit/spat[spit]spit/spat[spit]吐痰，shutQfAt]shut[JAt]shutQfAt]關(guān)上，閉起，停止?fàn)I業(yè)2.ABB動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞beat[bi:t] beat[bi:t] beaten['bi:tn] 打敗3.ABA動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞become[bi'kAm]became[bi'keim]become[bi'kAm]變come[kAm]came[keim]come[kAm]來(lái)run[rAn]ran[r田n]run[rAn]跑4.ABB(1)在動(dòng)詞原形后加一個(gè)輔音字母d,t或ed構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。

動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞burn[b:n]burnt[b:nt]burnt[b:nt]燃燒deal[di:l]dealt[delt]dealt[delt]解決dream[dri:m]dreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt[dremt]做夢(mèng)hear[hi]heard[h:d]heard[h:d]聽(tīng)見(jiàn)hang['h田川hanged/hung[hA^]hanged/hung絞死，懸掛learn[l:n]learned/learnt[l:nt]learned/learnt[l:nt]學(xué)習(xí)light['lait]lit/lighted[lit]lit/lighted[lit]點(diǎn)燃，照亮mean[mi:n]meant[ment]meant[ment]意思prove[pru:v]provedproven/proved['pru:vn]證明，證實(shí)，試驗(yàn)shine[Jain]shone/shinedshone/shined[fun,Jbn]使照耀，使發(fā)光show[fu]showedshowed/shown[Tun]展示，給…看smell[smel]smelled/smelt[smelt]smelled/smelt[smelt]聞，嗅speed[spi:dsped[sped]/speesped/speeded[sped]加速2?

]dedspell[spel]spelled/spelt[spelt]spelled/spelt[spelt]拼寫(xiě)wake[weik]waked/woke[w。uk]waked/woken['w0ukon]醒來(lái)，叫醒，激發(fā)(2)把動(dòng)詞原形的最后一個(gè)輔音字母“d”改為“t”構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞build[bild]built[bilt]built[bilt]建筑lend[lend]lent[lent]lent[lent]借給rebuild[,ri:'bild]rebuilt[,ri:'bilt]rebuilt[,ri:'bilt]改建，重建send[send]sent[sent]sent[sent]送spend[spend]spent[spent]spent[spent]花費(fèi)(3)原形—ought—ought動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞bring[brig]brought[bro:t]brought[bro:t]帶來(lái)buy[bai]bought[bo:t]bought[bo:t]買(mǎi)fight[fait]foughtgt]fought[fo:t]打架think[Oigk]thought[0o:t]thought[0o:t]思考，想(4)原形—aught—aught動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞catch[k也帆caught[ko:t]caught[ko:t]捉,抓3

teach[ti:tf]（5）變其中一個(gè)taught[to:t]玩音字母taught[to:t]教動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞dig[dig]dug[dAg]dug[dAg]掘（土），挖（洞、溝等）feed[fi:d]fed[fed]fed[fed]喂find[faind]foundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到get[get]got[got]got/gotten['gotn]得至4hold[huld]held[held]held[held]擁有，握住，支持lead[li:d]led[led]led[led]引導(dǎo)，帶領(lǐng)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)meet[mi:t]met[met]met[met]遇見(jiàn)sit[sit]sat[s田t]sat[s田t]坐shoot[fu:t]shot[Jbt]shotQfot]射擊spit[spit]spit/spat[sp田t]spit/spat[sp田t]吐痰，stick[stik]stuck[stAk]stuck[stAk]插進(jìn)，刺入，粘住，win[win]won[wAn]won[wAn]贏(6)原形一□lt/pt/ftT^t/pt/ft動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞4feel['fi:l]felt[felt]felt[felt]感到keep[ki:p]kept[kept]kept[kept]保持leave[li:v]left[left]left[left]離開(kāi)sleep[sli:p]slept[slept]slept[slept]睡覺(jué)sweep[swi:p]swept[swept]swept[swept]掃(7)其它動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞lay[lei]laid[leid]laid[leid]下蛋，放置pay[pei]paid[peid]paid[peid]付say[sei]said[sed]said[sed]說(shuō)stand[st田nd]stood[stud]stood[stud]站understandunderstood],And'st田nd]understood[,And'st田nd]明白lose[lu:z]10st[lost,lo:st]10st[lost,lo:st]失去have[hv]had[h田d,hd,d]had[h田d,hd,d]有make[meik]made[meid]made[meid]制造sell[sel]sold[suld]sold[suld]賣(mài)tell[tel]told[tuld]told[tuld]告訴retell[,ri:'tel]retold[,ri:'tuld]retold[,ri:'tuld]重講，重復(fù)，復(fù)述5.ABC(1)原形—過(guò)去式1原形+(e)n動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞5blow[blu]blew[blu:]blown吹drive[draiv]drove[druv]driven[drivn]駕駛draw[dro:]drew[dru:]drawn[dro:n]畫(huà)畫(huà)eat[i:t]ate[et,eit]eaten['i:tn]吃fallgl]Fell[fe]fallen['fo:ln]落下give[giv]gave[geiv]given['givn]給grow[gru]grew[gru:]grown[grun]生長(zhǎng)forgive[f'giv]forgot[f'got]forgiven原諒，饒恕know[nu]knew[nju:,nu:]known知道m(xù)istake[mi'steik]mistook[mi'stuk]mistooken弄錯(cuò)；誤解，overeat['uv'i:t]overate[,uv'reit]overeaten（使）吃過(guò)量prove[pru:v]provedproven/proved證明，證實(shí)，試驗(yàn)take[teik]took[tuk]taken['teikn,'teikn]拿throw[Oru]threw[Oru:]thrown[Orun,'Orun]拋，扔ride[raid]rode[rud]ridden['ridn]騎s