第二十二條軍規(guī)解析

會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1第二十二條軍規(guī)解析ContentsJosephHellerBlackHumorinChapter5Catch-22BlackHumorCharacterAnalysis第1頁/共15頁JosephHellerJosephHeller(May1,1923–December12,1999)wasanAmericansatiricalnovelist,shortstorywriter,andplaywright.Heisoneoftheleadingwritersofblackhumorliterature.Hisnovelsgrewoutofrealityandrevealstheexcruciatingdissidentforceinsociety.In1961,hepublishedtheCatch-22andbecamefamousovernight.Otherworks:SomethingHappened1974GoodasGold1979第2頁/共15頁Catch-22Catch-22istherepresentativeworkoftheBlackHumor,fromHeller'spersonalexperienceofWWll.Defferentfromotheranti-warnovel,Catch-22isnotnolythecriticismofthewarandthemilitarybureaucracy(軍事官僚制度)，butalsothecriticismofthegrowingabsurdity(荒誕)inlife.第3頁/共15頁Catch-22“Catch-22”hasenteredtheEnglishlexicontorefertoaviciouscirclewhereinanabsurd,no-winchoice,particularlyinsituationsinwhichthedesiredoutcomeofthechoiceisanimpossibility,andregardlessofchoice,asamenegativeoutcomeisacertainty.“第22條軍規(guī)”一詞現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是英語語言中的一個(gè)常用詞，按《美國新世界辭典》的解釋，該詞的意思是“法律、規(guī)則或?qū)嵺`上的一個(gè)悖論，不管你做什么，你都會(huì)成為其條款的犧牲品”。Etymology(語源):titleofanovelbyJosephHeller(1961),inwhichthemaincharacterfeignsmadnessinordertoavoiddangerouscombatmissions,buthisdesiretoavoidthemistakentoprovehissanity.Therefore,hestillcannotescapefromthecombatmissions.第4頁/共15頁BlackHumorBlackhumorisanovelschoolrisein1960sinAmerica,holdsanimpoetantstatusinthewesternliterature.Thetermblackhumor(fromtheFrenchhumournoir)wascoinedbythesurrealisttheoreticianAndréBretoninhisbookAnthologyofBlackHumorin1939.Blackhumorrefersasmuchtothetoneofangerandbitternessasitdoestothegrotesque(荒誕的)andmorbid(病態(tài)的)situation,whichoftendealswithsuffering,anxietyanddeath.Blackhumorisasubstantialelementintheanti-novelandtheTheateroftheAbsurd.第5頁/共15頁FeaturesofBlackHumor:1.Comicwaytoexpresstragicsituations2.Creationofanti-hero3.IllogicalnarrativestructureBlackHumoraredifferentfromthetraditionalhumor.Traditionalhumorbasesontheoptimism,whichbelievesgoodwillprevailoverevil.Itslaughisrelaxinganddelightful.However,BlackHumorbasesonthepessimism,expresstragicsituationsincomicway.Itslaughisbitterandforced.第6頁/共15頁BlackHumorinChapter51.“You’rewastingyourtime,”DocDaneekawasforcedtotellhim.

“Can’tyougroundsomeonewho’scrazy?”

“Oh,sure.Ihaveto.There’sarulesayingIhavetogroundanyonewho’s

crazy.”

“Thenwhydon’tyougroundme?I’mcrazy.AskClevinger.”

“Clevinger?WhereisClevinger?YoufindClevingerandI’llaskhim.”

“Thenaskanyoftheothers.They’lltellyouhowcrazyIam.”

“They’recrazy.”

“Thenwhydon’tyougroundthem?”

“Whydon’ttheyaskmetogroundthem?”

“Becausethey’recrazy,that’swhy.”第7頁/共15頁BlackHumorinChapter5“Ofcoursethey’recrazy,”DocDaneekareplied.“Ijusttoldyouthey’recrazy,didn’tI?Andyoucan’tletcrazypeopledecidewhetheryou’recrazyornot,canyou?”Yossarianlookedathimsoberlyandtriedanotherapproach.“IsOrrcrazy?”“Hesureis,”DocDaneekasaid.“Canyougroundhim?”“Isurecan.Butfirsthehastoaskmeto.That’spartoftherule.”“Thenwhydoesn’theaskyouto?”“Becausehe’scrazy,”DocDaneekasaid.“Hehastobecrazytokeepflyingcombatmissionsafteralltheclosecallshe’shad.Sure,IcangroundOrr.Butfirsthehastoaskmeto.”第8頁/共15頁BlackHumorinChapter52.

“Appleby,you’vegotfliesinyoureyes,”hewhisperedhelpfullyastheypassedbyeachotherinthedoorwayoftheparachutetentonthedayoftheweeklymilkruntoParma.“What?”Applebyrespondedsharply,thrownintoconfusionbythefactthatYossarianhadspokentohimatall.“You’vegotfliesinyoureyes,”Yossarianrepeated.“That’sprobablywhyyoucan’tseethem.”“Havermeyer,”heaskedhesitantly.“HaveIgotfliesinmyeyes?”Havermeyerblinkedquizzically.“Sties?”heasked.“No,flies,”hewastold.Havermeyerblinkedagain.“Flies?”“Inmyeyes.”“Youmustbecrazy,”Havermeyersaid.“No,I’mnotcrazy.Yossarian’scrazy.JusttellmeifI’vegotfliesinmyeyesornot.Goahead.Icantakeit.”第9頁/共15頁BlackHumorinChapter5DocDaneekareplied.“Catch-22.Anyonewhowantstogetoutofcombatdutyisn’treallycrazy.”

TherewasonlyonecatchandthatwasCatch-22,whichspecifiedthataconcernforone’sownsafetyinthefaceofdangersthatwererealandimmediatewastheprocessofarationalmind.Orrwascrazyandcouldbegrounded.Allhehadtodowasask;andassoonashedid,hewouldnolongerbecrazyandwouldhavetoflymoremissions.Orrwouldbecrazytoflymoremissionsandsaneifhedidn’t,butifhewassanehehadtoflythem.Ifheflewthemhewascrazyanddidn’thaveto;butifhedidn’twanttohewassaneandhadto.

Yossarian

wasmovedverydeeplybytheabsolutesimplicityofthisclauseofCatch-22andletoutarespectfulwhistle.第10頁/共15頁CharacterAnalysisCaptainJohnYossarianHeisa28-year-oldCaptainandB-25bombardierinthe256thBombardmentSquadronoftheArmyAirCorps,stationedonthesmallislandofPianosaofftheItalianmainlandduringWorldWarII.Yossarian'sexploitsarebasedontheexperiencesoftheauthor;HellerwasalsoabombardierintheAirCorps,stationedonanislandoffthecoastofItalyduringWorldWarII.1第11頁/共15頁CharacterAnalysis

Dr.DanDaneekaHeisthesquadronflightsurgeonandafriendofYossarian.Doc