高中英語閱讀理解推理題及詞義猜測題介紹

高中英語閱讀理解推理題及詞義猜想題介紹高中英語閱讀理解推理題及詞義猜想題介紹高中英語閱讀理解推理題及詞義猜想題介紹高一英語專題培優(yōu)——閱讀理解解題技巧第三節(jié)：閱讀理解之推理判斷題分析解讀：推理判斷題察看學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，對作者的態(tài)度及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展做出正確推理判斷的能力?？忌璞M量考慮文中的所有信息和事實(shí)，在理解通篇文章的基礎(chǔ)上去領(lǐng)悟作者的話中有話，并做出正確的推測，這是對文章深層次的掌握，屬于高層次的閱讀理解。即依據(jù)閱讀資猜中所供給的已知信息，推測出未知部分。文章中沒有明確的答案。要求考生從作者的角度去考慮，不要堅(jiān)守自己的見解和見解。技巧點(diǎn)撥：常有發(fā)問方式：Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______?Thewritersuggeststhat______?Theauthorusestheexampleoftoshowthat______?What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward_______?Fromthestorywecanguess_______?Whatwouldhappenif_______?Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?What’sthetone語氣oftheauthor?Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_____?Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?解答步驟：1）定位信息：經(jīng)過尋讀找到有關(guān)信息點(diǎn)。2）字面理解：理解有關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意義。3）深層理解：聯(lián)合語境和知識(shí)，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)步行符合邏輯的推測，進(jìn)而理解作者的話中有話。攪亂項(xiàng)的特色：1）但是原文的簡單復(fù)述，而非推測出來的結(jié)論，把直接表達(dá)看作間接推理。2）看似從原文推測出來的結(jié)論，但是實(shí)質(zhì)上與原文不符，如因果倒置，手段變目的等。3）依據(jù)考生已有的知識(shí)來看是正確的，但是卻不是鑒于文章4）推理過頭，引申過分。注意：有時(shí)作者并未把企圖說出來，我們可依據(jù)字面意思，經(jīng)過研究語篇的邏輯關(guān)系和細(xì)節(jié)的表示，來商酌作者的態(tài)度，進(jìn)行深層理解。1典型例析：一．推測隱含意義：例：Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."Q：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle________.A.leasedpeopleB.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.練一練:Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders(蜘蛛).”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“Im’movingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlord(房主)insiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas_______.A．verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects(昆蟲)技巧：這種題干中平時(shí)含有infer,imply,suggest,conclude,indicate(表示)等標(biāo)記性詞語。解題步驟：1,全面分析2,忠實(shí)原文3,不要選擇表層信息二．推測作者見解或態(tài)度：例：ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople‘shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYorkthemixislessinteresting.It’slikeagatheringatBloomingdale-known‘s,adepartmentwellstore.Q：WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondon?A.Abitunusual.B.Fulloftricks.C.Lesscostly.D.Moreinteresting練一練:Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(賄賂)，anddeath..Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.Q:What’sauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreporting?A.ComplainB.ApologizeC.AdmiringD.Support技巧：注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，推測出作者的意在言外。站在作者的立場或角度思慮答案。表示態(tài)度的形容詞：(1)positive踴躍的(9)reserved(2)negative悲觀的(10)indifferent充耳不聞的(3)optimistic樂觀的(11)cautious慎重的(4)pessimistic悲觀的(12)surprised吃驚的(5)objective客觀的(13)sympathize憐憫的(6)subjective主觀的(14)support支持的(7)admiring敬羨的(15)doubt思疑的2(8)critical責(zé)備的(16)approve贊成的（17）ironic嘲諷的（18）neutral中立的三．推測寫作目的：例：“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.certainly“Thereaislotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Q：Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto___________.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem練一練:AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman’sbigfamily——hisparents,hisbrothers,theiryoungwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents’home,havingquarreled(吵嘴)withherhusband.Soontheelephantrefused(拒絕)toeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewomen’shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.Q.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_______.A.showthatelephantsareveryclever主觀臆想B.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife技巧：這種題的題干中常有purpose，或許后邊接有目的的動(dòng)詞不定式，如：intendto,meantto,inorderto等。我們可以依據(jù)文章的要旨和體裁來判斷作者的目的和態(tài)度。與寫作目的對應(yīng)的文章以下：（1）toentertainreaders(使讀者歡欣、發(fā)笑)：常有于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章。（2）topersuadereaders(說服讀者接受某種見解)：常有于廣告或議論文。toinformreaders(見告讀者某些信息)：常有于新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)類、科普類、文化類或社會(huì)類的文章，以及勸說性或建議性文章。3）開頭提出問題——讓讀者關(guān)注主題。簡介有關(guān)事物——為了引出主題。列舉詳細(xì)案例——說明文段的主題溫馨提示：身臨其境站在作者的角度上想想四．推測文章出處：例：Don’twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersin3need,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou’vebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfrebooks,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou’rethereinthearticlesection,whichupdatedisdaily.Q：Thistextmustbetakenfrom___________.A.aradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram練一練:WATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROL·actsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.·givesyouadailyweatherforecast.·remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomeworkBesides,yourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately!Originallysoldfor$199NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformation,clickhere.Q：wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts?onamagzineinacompanyguidebookonateenagewebsiteinacollegenewspaper技巧：1.看文章體裁和題材：advertisement,news,poster,magazine,website,textbook,guidebook.經(jīng)過文章內(nèi)容，判斷讀者對象是誰。出現(xiàn)click（點(diǎn)擊），來常常自website五．推測下文內(nèi)容：例：Anotheroptionistosetthemup.Withanaccount(ofadebitcard(借記卡).Unlikecreditcard(信譽(yù)卡支)function

賬戶)atalocalbankthatoffersfreeuse),thedebitcardhasnooverdraft(透Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?furtherimformationaboutthedebitcardtheoverdraftfunctionsofadebitcardsmoredisadvantagesofcreditcardthekids’sattitudetowardsacreditcard技巧：關(guān)注最后一段的內(nèi)容，特別是最后的兩三句話?？偨Y(jié)：怎樣除去攪亂項(xiàng)：不可以以自己的見解取代作者的見解，要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)閱讀資猜中所供給的信息進(jìn)行推理；推理的依據(jù)來自于上下文；假如某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是閱讀資料的簡單重復(fù)，那它一般不是推論，也就不是正確答案；4假如某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相符合，文中卻沒有波及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，也不是正確答案；假如某個(gè)選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到，但很片面或很不圓滿，那也不是正確答案；6.文中的虛假語氣和神態(tài)動(dòng)詞（should,must,may）常常能顯現(xiàn)出作者的意在言外，這有助于我們確立正確答案；7.注意作者在文中的措辭，比方作者在形容詞前用了too，excessively，rather則常帶有否定的口氣；某些過渡詞（however,but,onthecontrary,what‘smore）后邊所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容常常能反應(yīng)作者的見解和態(tài)度；第四節(jié)：閱讀理解之猜想詞義題分析解讀：在閱讀中我們常常會(huì)碰到很多生詞。這時(shí)很多同學(xué)立刻翻閱字典，查找詞義。這樣做不單費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)勁，并且影響閱讀速度、影響對語篇的整體掌握。事實(shí)上，閱讀資猜中的每個(gè)詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。我們可以利用語境（各樣已知信息）推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。猜想詞義題旨在察看學(xué)生依據(jù)上下文推測生詞、短語或句子意思的能力，突出察看對語境的分析和掌握能力。是閱讀理解的必考題型，題干中平時(shí)含有mean，referto或許bereplacedby等。技巧點(diǎn)撥：常有發(fā)問方式：Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans______?Theunderlinedword“”couldbestbereplacedby_______?Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestmeaningtotheunderlinedword?Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean______?2．解題步驟：1）在文中找到線索或信息詞2）依據(jù)四周熟習(xí)的詞的邏輯關(guān)系（并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，比較，因果）來判斷新單詞的意思。3）依據(jù)上下文（即語境）判斷新詞匯在特定句中的意思。典型例析：練一練：猜想以下劃線詞的意思。1）Atthebeginningtheydidnothaveenoughcapitaltostartabusiness,norweretheyabletoborrowtheamountofmoneytheyneededfromthebank.資本，nor構(gòu)造后的money，bankF2）Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.不帥氣D3）Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.干旱B54）Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.準(zhǔn)時(shí)E5）Youshouldn’thaveblamedhimforthat,becauseitwasn’thisfault.責(zé)備C6）Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.一種水果，椰子A總結(jié)：依據(jù)并列同列關(guān)系：一般來說，并列的幾個(gè)事物應(yīng)屬同類事物，由此可推測此中一個(gè)的大體意思。依據(jù)同位或解說關(guān)系：看作者不可以必然讀者可以理解他的意思時(shí)，他會(huì)用其他一種方式陳說自己的見解。往平時(shí)有的詞有：means,is,or,thatistosay,inotherwords,toputitanotherway,which.依據(jù)因果關(guān)系：常有關(guān)系詞有：because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore,sothat.D.依據(jù)反義詞關(guān)系：看轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but,while,however等，或許看與not搭配等表示否認(rèn)意義的詞語。E.依據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或比較關(guān)系：由上下句之間的轉(zhuǎn)折或比較關(guān)系來推測詞義，常有詞有：unlike,otherwise,inspiteof,despite,though,insteadof,ratherthan,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary。依據(jù)近義詞關(guān)系：看由and或or連結(jié)的同義詞詞組，或許看在進(jìn)一步解說的過程中使用的同義詞。練一練：Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle——thatis,itwillbreakeasily.A.易碎的B.深重的C.雅觀的D.合用的Allhisattemptstotheunclockdoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.空費(fèi)的C.有效的D.急促的Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.A.變好B.惡化C.改變D.上漲Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic5.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibits(展覽)inoneday.A.smallB.largeC.dullD.interesting6.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”A.喧華B.說大話C.調(diào)皮D.天真6實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練：AForthefirst19monthsofherlifeHelenKellerwasabletoseeandhear.Butthenasickness(疾病)struck.Shebecamecompletelyblindanddeaf.Fortherestorherlifeshewasneverabletoseeorhear.Andthesicknessstruckwhenshewasababybeforeshelearnedtotalk.Herworldwastotallydarkandsilent.Forthefirstsevenyearsofherlifeshewasalmostlikeawildanimal.Hermotherandfathercouldnotcontrol(控制)her.Shescreamed(尖聲叫喚)andkickedandstruggledandcried.Finallyherparentssentforateacher.HernamewasAnnSullivan.Sheherselfhadoncebeenblind.ShequicklysawthatfirstshehadtoteachHelenhowtoobeyandhowtocontrolheranger.ShespeltoutwordsinHelen’shand.Helencouldn’tseeorhearsoshelearnbytouchingandfeeling.ShelearnedtoreadbooksinBraille(盲字).Helenalsolearnedforeignlanguage:French,German,LatinandGreek.Shelearnedtowriteandtospeak.Shecouldrideahorse,swim,rowaboat,climbtrees.ShewenttocollegeandAnnSullivanwentwithher.WithMissSullivan’shelp,HelenKellerfinishedcollegewithhighhonor.Shebecameateacher,writerandlecturer.Herlifeisaninspiration(激勵(lì)),notjusttotheblindandthedeafbuttopeopleeverywhere.HelenKellerwasabletoseeandhearonlyfor______months.A.nineB.ninetyC.nineteenD.ninthForthefirstsevenyearsofherlife,Helenwasalmostlike“awildanimal”thissentencemeans_____shewasaverynaughtygirlshelivedwithanimalsforalongtimeshewasneverabletoseeorhear,soshewasveryboredandangryshelikedanimalsverymuchAnnSullivanwasHelen’s______A.motherB.teacherC.sisterD.classmate4.Helenlearnedby_______A.touchingandfeelingB.listeningandspeakingC.smellingandfeelingD.readingbooksThelastsentencetellsus_______We’dbetterlearnbytouchingandfeelingHelenisaheroonlyfortheblindanddeafC.EveryonecouldlearnalotfromHelenKellerHelenKellerhadaterriblelife.Keysare:CCBACBAmericanshaveusedcolourstomakemanyexpressionstheyuseeveryday.Wesayyou’re“inthepink”whenweareingoodhealth.Itiseasytounderstandhowthisexpressionwasborn.Whenmyfacehasanicefresh,pinkcolour,itisasignmyhealthisgood.Thecolourgreenisnaturalfortrees,itisanunnaturalcolourforhumans.Whensomeonedoesn’tfeelwell.someonewhoisseasock,forexample.wesayhelooksgreen.Whensomeoneisangrybecausehedoesn’thavewhatsomeoneelsehas,wesayheis“greenwithenvy(忌妒)”.Somepeopleare“greenwithenvy”becausesomeoneelsehasmoredollars,or“greenbacks”.Dollarsarecalledgreenbackbecausethat’sthecolourofthebacksideofthemoney.Blueisacoolercolour.ThetraditionalbluemusicofAmericanblacksistheoppositeofredhotmusic.Itisslow,sadandsoulful.Tobeblue,ofcourse,istobesad.Thecolourblackisoftenusedinexpressions.Peopledescribeadayinwhicheverythinggoeswrongasa“blackday”.A“blacksheep”isthememberofafamilyorgroupwhoalwaysseemstobeintrouble.Ifsomeonemeetsa“blackcat”,somethingmightunluckyhappentohim.Notallthe“black”expressionshadbadmeanings.Abusiness“,forinexample,theblackismaking”money.Acompany“inthered”islosingmoney.Ifsomeonetellsyoutoputsomething“inblackandwhite”,theywantyoutowriteitdown.7Afterreadingthepassage,wecaninferifsomeone“l(fā)ooksgray”,he_______A.lookswellB.mayneedtoseedoctorC.ishealthyD.ishappyAmericandollarshave_______backside.A.pinkB.greenC.blueD.redWhichworddescribesthebluemusic?A.FastB.SadC.HotD.CheerfulMybrotherisa_______,everyonedoesn’tlikehim.A.ablackhorseB.ablackcatC.ablackdogD.ablacksheepWhichofthefollowingisTrue?A.Acompanysurelylikestobe“inthered.”B.Abusiness“intheblack”,ismakingmoneyC.Allthe“black”expressionhavebadmeaningsD.Ifsomeonemeetsa“blackcat”,hemightluckysoon.Keysare:BBBDBCAlittleboyinvitedhismothertoattendhiselementaryschool’sfirstteacher-parentmeeting.Tothelittleboy’sfear,shesaidshewouldgo.Thiswouldbethefirsttimethathisclassmatesandteachermethismotherandhewasembarrassed(窘?jīng)r的)byherface.Althoughshewasabeautifulwoman,therewasabigscar(傷疤)thatcoverednearlythewholerightsideofherface.Theboyneverwantedtotalkaboutwhyorhowshegotthescar.Atthemeeting,thepeopleweremovedbythekindnessandnaturalbeautyofhismotherDespite(不論)thescar,butthelittleboywasstillembarrassedandhidhimselffromeveryone.Hedid,however,heheardthemspeaking.“Howdidyougetthescaronyourface?”theteacherasked.Themotheranswered,“Whenmysonwasababy,hewasinaroomthatcaughtonfire.Everyonewastooafraidtogoinbecausethefirewasoutofcontrol,soIwentin.AsIwasrunningtowardhisbed,IsawabeamcomingdownandIplacedmyselfoverhimtryingtoprotecthim.Iwasknockedunconsciousbutluckily,afiremancameinandsavedbothofus.”Shetouchedtheburnedsideofherface.“Thisscarwillbeforever,buttothisday,IhaveneverregretteddoingwhatIdid.”Atthispoint,thelittleboycameoutrunningtowardhismotherwithtearsinhiseyes.Hehuggedherandfeltalmostasacrifice(犧牲)oflifethathismotherhadmadeforhim.Heheldherhandtightlyfortherestoftheday.Theboywas_____whenhismothersaidshewouldgototheschool.A.pleasedB.afraidC.excitedD.boredWhatwashismotherlike?ShewasuglyShewasgood—lookingShewasbeautifuldespiteabigscaronherrightsideoffaceD.Thewriterdidn’ttellusHowdidhismothergetthescaronherface?ShehurtherfaceinantrafficaccidentSomethingwaswrongwithherfaceskinShewashitbysomeoneontheface.Herfacewashurtwhileshewassavinghersoninahouseonfire.Fromthemother’swords,weknow_______A.shefeltsorryaboutthescarB.shewasfrustratedaboutthescarC.shewassatisfiedwiththescarD.shethoughtthescarworthwhile(值得的)Fromthelastparagraph,itcanbeinferredthat_________theboywasstillembarrassedtheboywouldlovehismothermorethanbeforeC.theboywaspleasedwithhismother’sscar8D.theboywasafraidtoseehismother’sscarKeysare:BCCDDBD