譯漢翻譯基本程序

組織語言?？忌鶕?jù)上下文的語境選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯和表達(dá)表達(dá)?？忌獜膬?nèi)容和語言兩方面來考慮譯文，尤其注意不能 神的前提下，為了表達(dá)的需要，對(duì)原相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：Goodmarriagedoesn’tjusthappen.Theytakealotofloveandalotof直譯：好 順譯法（又名句型對(duì)應(yīng)法Asanobedientson,Ihadtoacceptmyparents’decisionthatIwastobeadoctor,thoughtheprospectinterestedinmenotatall.例1：Themooniscompleyemptyofwaterbecausethegravityonthemoonismuchlessthanontheearth.2：Thefootballstudentscanberemovedfromtheuniversityiftheyfailtopasstheirexamination.Heunnecessarilyspentalotoftimeintroducinghisbook,whichthestudentarefamiliarwith.They,notsurprisingly,didnotrespondat1：Wetriedinvaintopersuadehimtogiveuphiswrong2TheprofessorenteredthelaboratoryfollowedbyhisgraduateHetoldmesuchexperienceasIhadneverheardofHedidnotrememberhisfatherwhodiedwhenhewasthreeyearsStrangeenoughtheywerethesameagetothe為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，或兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合譯成一個(gè)復(fù)合句等，使全句的結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊，Therearemenherefromalloverthecountry.Manyofthemarefromthe從各地來的人中有許多是北方人TherearemanypeoplewhowanttoseetheThetimewas10:30,andtrafficonthestreetwaslight.10點(diǎn)30分的時(shí)候，街上來往的車輛稀少了。HisarrivalatthisconclusionwastheresultofmuchJudgmentshouldbebasedonfacts,notonThemanIsawatthepartylookedandtalkedlikeanScientistsarenostrangerstoWefounddifficultyinsolvingthecomplicatedHecametomyhomeforIlovehavingFridayIamfortheIamagainsttheItwasofficiallyannouncedthatParisisinvitedtothe宣布，巴黎應(yīng)邀。Afterthefootfallmatch,hehasgotanimportant近年來，人一直不斷地由城市遷往郊區(qū)Smokingisprohibitedinpublic公共場(chǎng)所吸煙Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarThehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasnowbeenAnyonewhohasnotattendedalargecollegefootballgamehasmissedoneofthemostcolorfulaspectsofAmericancollegelife.andforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehaslaiddowntheirlives.多曾為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。Helikedhissister,whowaswarmandpleasant,buthedidnotlikehisbrother,whowasaloofandarrogant.Electroniccomputers,whichmakeitpossibletofreemanfromthelaborofcomplexmeasurementsandcomputation,havefoundwideapplicationinHehadtalkedtoVice-Nixon,whoassuredhimthateverythingthatcouldbedonewouldbedone.ManytypesofanimalshavenowvanishedfromtheThereare,tobeexact,onlytwochoices.評(píng)論和表態(tài)中語序的調(diào)整：英語的語序和漢語不同，英語先評(píng)論或先表態(tài)，F(xiàn)oodisessentialtolife.ItisuselesstocomplainalltheItisunluckytowalkunderaladderinthewesternitit在漢語里，主語放在謂語的前面，不能用代詞代替。在翻譯?It+系動(dòng)詞+實(shí)際IthaslongbeenprovedthatthecreativepowerofthepeopleknowsnoItdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencewhetherheattendsthemeetingorItisstrangethatshedidnotseeher MuchhasbeensaidaboutthenecessityofintroducingforeignfundsintoChineseenterprises.有關(guān)中國(guó)企業(yè)引進(jìn)的必要性已經(jīng)談的很多了Ifthestabilitycanbemaintained,oneoftheworstfeaturesofthecyclewillhavebeenremoved.如果這種穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)得以保持下去，商業(yè)周期的一個(gè)特征將被消除英文中的語態(tài)還可以譯成漢語中的無主語，或者譯成泛泛的主語。如:Youarerequiredtoreturnallthebooksyouborrowedfromthelibrarybytheendofthismonth.Whatheemphasizedoverandoveragainwasthat,nomatterhowdifficultitmightbe,theyshouldneverretreatevenforaninch.他對(duì)界的看法是們不是支持他就是他。HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcomeovertovisitChinaButIknewIcouldn’ttrusthim.Therewasalwaysthepossibilitythathewasapoliticalswindler.?Butconsideredrealistically,wehadtofacethefactthatourprospectswerelessthangood.TheysilentlysurroundedTom,ayoungsoldier,inordertotakehim2、詞匯是考生丟分的主要原因。就單句翻譯而言，詞匯可能有：考生AneldeficithasexistedforyearsintheForafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.樂，這比到外面別的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。Itisexpectedthatindustrialproductionthisyearincreasesby8%overthatoflastyear.Iwon’twritetohimunlesshewritesDoyouworkinthedaytimeorat歷來是勇于探索，勇于創(chuàng)造，勇于的ThepeopleofChinahavealwaysbeencourageousenoughtoprobeintothings,tomakeinventionsandtomakerevolution.Hismotherisabletolataglancewhatkindof WeareconcernedaboutthesituationofthatareawhichhetalkedDuetotoughdomesticandinternationalcompetition,varioustypesofelectronicalapplianceshavebeengettingcheaper.havebeengettingcheaperhavegotcheaperonlybesolvedbyintroductionoffees老問題解決了，新問題出現(xiàn)了。Anumberofnewproblemsemergeswhenoldonesissolved.AnumberofnewproblemsemergewhenoldonesareBecausethecompanystartsearly,soitdevelopsfasterthanothers.Becausethecompanystartsearly,itdevelopsfasterthanothers.Thecompanystartsearly,soitdevelopsfasterthanothers.習(xí)題演 漢譯IfyouwanttoreachNewYorkintimeforthemeeting,youhavenochoicebuttogobyair.在幾乎每個(gè)人都知道在發(fā)生時(shí)該怎么辦InJapan,nearlyeverybodyknowswhatheshoulddowhentheearthquakeAtnotimeshouldweforgetthatindustrialgrowthcanneverbeboughtattheexpenseofenvironment.ThechildrenshouldbetaughttospeaktheWethinkitourdutytocleantheroomMarkdecidedtogoonalongtripawayfromtheseAlthoughhehadn’trecoveredfromhisillness,hesetouttoHedidn’trealizetheimportanceofobeyingthetrafficrulesuntilhewassentintotheoperatingroom.不要讓你的皮膚直接暴曬在下，否則，你會(huì)患皮膚病Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,Chinaisplayingagreaterroleininternationalaffairs.MyworkissointensethatIevenhavenotimetotakeaInterestinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasaninlectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrelsamonghistoriansthemselves.(1999,72)Onthewholesuchaconclusioncanbedrawnwithacertaindegreeofconfidence,butonlyifthechildcanbeassumedtohavehadthesameattitudetowardsthetestastheotherwithwhomheisbeingcompared,andonlyifhewasnotpunishedbylackofrelevantinformationwhichtheyInterestinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasaninlectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrelsamonghistoriansthemselves.(1999,72)的有效性提出了，還不如說是因?yàn)闅v史學(xué)家內(nèi)部發(fā)生