高考英語完形填空講解示范課（課堂PPT）

Howtodoclozetests?完形填空1做完形的時候你有以下問題嗎？煩慢錯不得不做，硬著頭皮做，還是錯2

完形填空考查的是對學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力，但是每一個空格的設(shè)置并不是隨心所欲的，命題人主要通過上下文暗示出的某種信息來保證答案的正確性和唯一性?？忌鷳?yīng)該通過上下文的暗示獲取解題信息，留意暗送的“秋波”，也就是：關(guān)鍵詞出題者的初衷3自戀一回找“秋波”4

一.利用首句信息，推測語篇主旨

完形填空所選短文的第一句通常為主題句，一般不設(shè)空。5例1

Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!Itspeaks36thanwords.Accordingtospecialists,ourbodiessendoutmore37thanwerealize.36.A.straighterB.louderC.harderD.further37.A.soundsB.invitationsC.feelingsD.messages6二.尋找暗示信息，重視語境意義上下文？

所謂上下文就是對語境的考查，包括文章語氣的一致性、意思的連貫性、表述的合理性、論證的邏輯性等。context7

...“He’sa49man.”theclerkatthecountersaid.Mostofuswouldgiveupifwewereblindedatsuchayoungage.49.A.braveB.roughC.smartD.generousgiveupblinded例28例3Laterthatdayathome,Ibeganto39considermyteethagain.Ifeltupset.Ithoughtmylifewouldbesomehowbetterifmyteethwerenotgappy.HowIwanttheperfectteeththateveryoneelseseemedtohave!ofcourse,Mom40noticedeverything.Shehaslivedherentirelifewithgappyteeth,andtriedtoconvincemethattherewasnothingto4141A.worryaboutB.putoffC.giveupD.wipeout9三.運(yùn)用習(xí)慣搭配，辨析詞義，熟悉常見句型完形填空的四個備選項(xiàng)，往往和空格前后的單詞形成某種搭配。首先要注意詞義深層內(nèi)涵的區(qū)別。動詞的搭配出現(xiàn)的尤其多，往往涉及到動詞與名詞、介詞或副詞的搭配。10例4“Igrewuponahundred-acrefarmandhadonlycats

37

playmates”Kruger,theseventy-year-oldman,says.“Myhearingwasdamagedbythe38noiseoffarmequipment,soIlearnedtoconnectwith39animals.Theyreacttowhattheyseeandwhatyoudo.”37.A.likeB.asC.exceptD.among11

例5ThemostvaluablelessonIgainedfromstudyinginFrancewasn’tjusttorespecttheFrenchpeople19torespectallpeople,foryournextbestfriendcouldbejustacontinentaway.19.A.andB.butC.orD.sonotnot……but不是…而是12四.識別語篇標(biāo)志，理清邏輯關(guān)系。有些題目單純從句子或個別段落來看，或許四個選項(xiàng)都正確，但一旦放入全文，則只有一個“最佳”答案，所以快速瀏覽全文，領(lǐng)悟文章主旨，把握句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，通過上下文的語境來選擇答案，是做好完形填空的關(guān)鍵。13例6Itried23pickinguptrash(垃圾)myself,butthejobwastoobig.Iwould24spendanhourortwoonthejob,onlytofindtheareatrashedalloveragainweekslater.Finally,Igotso

25itthatIdecidedsomethinghadtochange.25.A.satisfiedwithB.delightedinC.tiredofD.usedto14例7EllaFantwasamiddleagedladywholivedwithheronlysonJohninasmallhouse.She1Johnverymuch.Inhereyeshecouldn’tdoanything2….A.dependedon B.waitedonC.trusted D.loved2.A.wrong B.great C.good D.strange15五.運(yùn)用生活常識和文化背景知識解題。解答完形填空的一個重要準(zhǔn)則就是“合情合理”，選項(xiàng)要符合客觀實(shí)際，切不可違背生活常識。16例8SinceIhatedtobe41(inaccurate),IwentbacktoMr.Johnsonandaskedhimto42(fix)andodometer(里程表)onmybicycle.Heagreed,but43(added),“Anodometerwithoutaspeedometer(速度計(jì))islikea44withoutaknife.”Iadmittedhewasrightandinafewminutes,thetwodevices（裝置）were45attachedtothehandlebarsofmybicycle.44.ApencilB.forkC.boxD.cake17六.運(yùn)用語法知識解題。在最近幾年的高考完形填空試題中，雖然很少涉及語法知識，但是并不意味著不考查語法知識。復(fù)合句是高考語法的考查重點(diǎn)。18例9Wedon’thavetotellchildren55theyshouldtakefromthestoryandwhatthemoralis.55.A.that B.what C.which D.whomtellsb.sth.takevt.197.利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，尋找近義詞語完形填空試題中，有些詞語常常重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇中。要學(xué)會運(yùn)用與選項(xiàng)意義緊密相連的同義詞或近義詞。20例10IfellinlovewithYosemiteNationalParkthefirsttimeIsawit,whenIwas13.Myparentstookusthereforcamping.Onthewayout,IaskedthemtowaitwhileIranuptoELCapitan,a16rockof3,300feetstraightup.Itouchedthatgiantrockandknew17(immediately)Iwantedtoclimbit.Thathasbeenmylife’spassion(鐘愛)eversince---18therocksandmountainsofYosemite.16.A.distantB.hugeC.narrowD.loose18.A.imaginingB.paintingC.describingD.climbing211.thefirstsentence首句

2.context上下文語境3.worddistinctionsorcollocations

詞語辨析和固定搭配4.outwardsignsofthepassage

語篇標(biāo)志語5.culturalbackgroundandcommonsense

文化背景和常識6.grammar語法sixmethods22鞏固練習(xí)（12分鐘）Checktheanswers:16-20CDABA21-25BCDBA26-30CDCBA31-40ABACD23考查的單詞短語1.order預(yù)訂；訂單；命令；次序2.meetwith遇見3.bringup撫養(yǎng)；提出4.workout設(shè)計(jì)出；計(jì)算出；理解；產(chǎn)生結(jié)果5.appreciate欣賞；感激6.inspiteof盡管；雖