寫作專項(xiàng)與模擬訓(xùn)練

四級(jí)寫作

真題分析、專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練、模擬訓(xùn)練歷年四級(jí)寫作題材及寫作類型考試時(shí)間題目題材寫作類型1999.1Don’tHesitatetoSay“No”社會(huì)生活原因解釋型1999.6ReadingSelectivelyorExtensively?校園生活對(duì)比選擇型2000.1HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation?校園生活問題解決型2000.6IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?校園生活對(duì)比選擇型2001.1HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題解決型2001.6ALettertoaSchoolmate校園生活信函2002.1ALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampus校園生活信函2002.6StudentUseofComputers校園生活現(xiàn)象解釋型歷年四級(jí)寫作題材及寫作類型考試時(shí)間題目題材寫作類型2003.1ItPaystoBeHonest社會(huì)生活原因解釋型2003.6AnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccident社會(huì)生活記敘文2004.1ALetterinReplytoaFriend校園生活信函2004.6ABriefIntroductiontoaTouristAttraction社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)景點(diǎn)介紹2005.1ACampaignSpeech校園生活演說詞2005.6InHonorofTeachersontheOccasionofTeacher’sDay校園生活記敘文2006.1ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)對(duì)比選擇型歷年四級(jí)寫作題材及寫作類型考試時(shí)間題目題材寫作類型2006.6OnStudentsSelectingLecturers校園生活現(xiàn)象解釋型2007.1SpringFestivalGalaonCCTV社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)對(duì)比選擇型2007.6WelcometoOurClub校園生活海報(bào)2008.1WhatElectivestoChoose校園生活現(xiàn)象解釋型2008.6RecreationalActivities社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)對(duì)比選擇型2009.1LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題解決型2009.6FreeAdmissiontoMuseums社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)現(xiàn)象解釋型2010.1CreateaGreenCampus校園生活社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)現(xiàn)象解釋型寫作類型及寫作步驟寫作類型第一段第二段第三段對(duì)比選擇型表明一方或雙方觀點(diǎn)指明理由表明個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)或個(gè)人做法現(xiàn)象解釋型指明一種現(xiàn)象或提出一種觀點(diǎn)闡釋現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)對(duì)現(xiàn)象、觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)或發(fā)表個(gè)人見解原因解釋型提出一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或問題解釋原因發(fā)表個(gè)人看法或提出解決思路問題解決型提出問題分析解決問題的方法簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)方法并總結(jié)應(yīng)用型描述事實(shí)描述原因表明觀點(diǎn)或提出建議綜合敘事型交待事件背景信息描述起因或經(jīng)過和結(jié)果描寫個(gè)人感受或分析事件發(fā)生的原因圖表型說明圖表反映的趨勢(shì)、問題或現(xiàn)象分析其原因或后果提出解決問題的辦法、建議或進(jìn)行展望(1)特點(diǎn)及寫作要求對(duì)比選擇型議論文是大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試寫作最常見的寫作題型。一般來說，這類議論文的通常是對(duì)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或事物的正反兩方面或者兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)或事物進(jìn)行對(duì)比，從而引出主題，得出結(jié)論。在對(duì)兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)或事物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，主要運(yùn)用比較和對(duì)比兩種寫作技巧。在四級(jí)考試中曾多次出現(xiàn)此類議論文。對(duì)比選擇型--P65(2)寫作流程第一段：簡(jiǎn)單介紹某一現(xiàn)象或事物。第二段：分析某一觀點(diǎn)或事物的正反兩面，或比較兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)或事物。第三段：得出結(jié)論，或提出自己的看法?；蛘叩谝欢危汉?jiǎn)單提及某一現(xiàn)象或事物，并分析該現(xiàn)象或事物的好處。第二段：分析該現(xiàn)象或事物的利弊。第三段：得出結(jié)論，或提出自己的看法。對(duì)比選擇型(3)真題分析2006年1月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.名校校園正成為旅游新熱點(diǎn)2.校園是否對(duì)游客開放，人們看法不同3.我認(rèn)為….對(duì)比選擇型【范文】ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?(1)Nowadays,manywell-knownuniversitycampusesinChinahavebecomepopulartourist

attractions.Duringholidays,largenumbersoftouristscanbeseenonuniversitycampuses,particularly,PekingUniversityandTsingHuaUniversity.(2)Shouldtheuniversitycampusbeopentotourists?People’sopinionsvaryfromonetoanother.(3)Somemaintainthatopeninguniversitycampusestotouristscannotonlyincreaseuniversity’sfinancialincomebutalsoprovideyoungstudentsagoodopportunitytoknowtheuniversitysothattheycanbeencouragedtostudyhardertorealizetheirdreams.(3)Whileothersarguethatopeninguniversitycampusestotouristsmayruinboththeirnaturalandacademicenvironment.(4)AsfarasIamconcerned,universitycampusesshouldnotbeopenforprofitastouristattractions,becauseitisaplaceforstudyandresearch,notfortourism.Itspurityandbeautywillbedestroyedifitbecomesaprofitableorganization.(4)However,Ithinkuniversityisapropertyforthewholesocietysothatitcanbeopentoindividualvisitorssolongasthevisitdoesnotdisturbitsorder.對(duì)比選擇型(1)開篇自然，引出焦點(diǎn)問題(2)過渡句，承上啟下(3)分別論述支持和反對(duì)的觀點(diǎn)及理由(4)表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，because原因狀語從句引出理由；sothat,solongas的使用使句式更為多樣(4)參考模板【模板一】

Whenitcomestotheissueof

,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.

(進(jìn)一步介紹這種現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)).

Somepeoplethinkthat

.Theyholdthisopinionbecause(they

think)

.Others,however,takeanegative/positiveattitudeto

.(Others,nevertheless,aremorepessimistic/optimisticaboutit).Fromtheirpointofview,

.Besides,

.

Inmyopinion/Personally/Frommypointview/Ifaskedmyattitude,Iammoreinfavorof.Istandin/holdthisattitude/opinion/viewbecause.It’struethat

,butitdoesn’tmeanthat

.Therefore/Inaword/Inshort,

.Instead,weshould

.對(duì)比選擇型(4)參考模板【模板二】

Nowadays,whereveryougo,youwillhearpeopletalkabout

.Whetheryoulikeitornot,ithadbecomeapartofourlife.Generally,itisbelievedthatthereareseveraladvantageswith

.Firstly,

.What’smore

.Buteverycoinhastwosides,and

isnoexception.Therearealsosomedisadvantageswith

.Tobeginwith

.Beside,

.Andmostimportantofall,

.Butallinall,

.Therefore,weshould

.對(duì)比選擇型(1)特點(diǎn)及寫作要求

現(xiàn)象闡釋型的作文通常先指明一種現(xiàn)象或提出一種觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋，最后得出結(jié)論或發(fā)表個(gè)人見解。(2)寫作流程第一段：簡(jiǎn)要描述某一現(xiàn)象或某一觀點(diǎn)。第二段：具體闡釋現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)的正確性或危害性等。第三段：表明自己的態(tài)度或看法?；蛘叩谝欢危汉?jiǎn)單描述某一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)。第二段：具體闡述引起這種現(xiàn)象的或持有這種觀點(diǎn)考慮的主要因素。第三段：對(duì)現(xiàn)象或者觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。現(xiàn)象闡釋型--P66(3)真題分析2006年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlecturers.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.有些大學(xué)允許學(xué)生自主選擇某些課程的任課老師2.學(xué)生選擇老師時(shí)所考慮的主要因素3.學(xué)生自選任課教師的益處和可能產(chǎn)生的問題現(xiàn)象闡釋型【范文】OnStudentsSelectingLecturers

(1)Atpresent,insomecollegesanduniversities,studentsareallowedtoselectlecturesontheirown.(2)Itmaysomedaybecomethemaintrendwhenpeoplegivemoreprioritytoacademicfreedom.

(3)Studentswouldtakethreemajorelementsintoconsiderationwhenmakingselections.(4)Firstofall,theywilltakelecturers’teachingstylesintoaccount.Teachingstylestostudents’tastewouldhelpthemlearnmoreefficiently.(4)Moreover,moststudentstendtochooselecturerswithmoreexperience,becausesuchteacherstendtoknowmoreabouthowtostimulateandinspirestudentsandwillhelpthemmastertheirsubjectswithmoreease.(4)Last,studentsalsoputemphasisonthelecturers’academicbackground.Fromtheirperspective,teacherswithhigheracademicdegreesmayprovidemoreenlighteningsuggestions.現(xiàn)象闡釋型(1)開門見山，直擊主題(2)提出該現(xiàn)象的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)(3)揭示學(xué)生選任課老師的考慮因素(4)論述有力有序，更具說服力【范文】OnStudentsSelectingLecturers

(5)Everythinghasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects,andstudents’selectinglecturesisofnoexception.(6)Itencouragesstudentstobeactivelyinvolvedintheteachingprocess,andatthemeantime,spursteacherstoimprovetheirteachingquality.(6)However,itispossiblethatsomestudentswouldchooselecturesblindlywithoutdueguidance.Anditisnotuncommonthatsometeachersemploysomeabnormaldevicestoattractmorestudents,suchaspromisinghighermarksormore“freedom”ofattendance.現(xiàn)象闡釋型(5)承上啟下，引出益處和問題(6)分別論述益處和問題，有條理：動(dòng)詞encourage和spur引出兩大益處；however引出問題所在(4)參考模板【模板一】

Inrecentyears,

（描寫現(xiàn)狀或趨勢(shì)）.Thishascausedalotofproblems.

First,

（結(jié)果1）.Forexample,

（細(xì)節(jié)，說明結(jié)果1）.Second,

（結(jié)果2）.

（細(xì)節(jié)，說明結(jié)果2）.Finally,

（結(jié)果3）.

（細(xì)節(jié)，說明結(jié)果3）.

Since

issuchaseriousproblem,weshouldtakeeffectivemeasuresto

.First,weshould

（措施1）.Besides,

（措施2）.Andfinally,

（措施3）.現(xiàn)象闡釋型(4)參考模板【模板二】

Atpresent/Inrecentyears/Nowadays,

(描寫現(xiàn)狀或趨勢(shì)).Itmaysomedaybecomethemaintrendwhen

(進(jìn)一步描述這一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)).

Threemajorelements/factorswouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhen

(doingsth.).Firstofall,

(主要因素1).Moreover,

(主要因素2).Last,

(主要因素3).Fromtheirperspective,

.Everythinghasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects,and

(這種現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn))isofnoexception.

(這種現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)的正確性).However,

(這種觀點(diǎn)或現(xiàn)象的危害性).現(xiàn)象闡釋型(1)特點(diǎn)及寫作要求

原因解釋型作文的重點(diǎn)在于探討產(chǎn)生某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或問題的原因。近十年來，原因闡釋型議論文在四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)的并不多。(2)寫作流程第一段：對(duì)某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行描述。第二段：闡釋產(chǎn)生這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的原因。第三段：發(fā)表個(gè)人看法，或提出解決思路。原因解釋型--P68(3)真題分析2002年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.當(dāng)前社會(huì)上存在許多不誠實(shí)的現(xiàn)象2.誠實(shí)利人利己，做人應(yīng)該誠實(shí)原因解釋型【范文】ItPaystoBeHonest

(1)Whatishonesty?Honestymeansspeakingthetruthandbeingfairanduprightinact.(2)Regardedasavirtue,itisadmiredineverycountryandeveryculture.(2)Theonewholiesandcheatsisdishonest.Dishonestyisgenerallylookeduponasanevil,andisdespisedandcondemnedbyeveryone.

(3)Fromthemassmediaandalsowithourowneyes,weknowthatdishonestbehaviorexistsinoursociety.Forexample,studentscopyoneanother’shomeworkordownloadillicitpaperfromInternettocheattheirteachers;businessmensellfakeproductstocheattheircustomers;andevenworsetherearemedicalpersonswhoproducefakemedicineharmingthepatients.原因解釋型(1)一問一答得出honesty的定義，點(diǎn)題(2)從正反兩方面進(jìn)一步闡述文章主題(3)舉例說明社會(huì)上存在的一些不誠實(shí)行為【范文】ItPaystoBeHonest

(4)However,thosepeoplemaysucceedforatime,butsoonerorlater,theywillbringthemnothingbuttroubles.(5)AsanEnglishproverbgoes,“Honestyisthebestpolicy.”(5)Foronething,ifyouwanttobetrustedandrespectedbyyourfriends,youmustbehonest.Aliarisalwayslookeddownuponandavoidedbythepeoplearoundhim.(5)Foranother,ifyouwanttosucceedinyourwork,thefirstqualificationyoushouldhaveishonesty.(6)Therefore,whateveryouraimis,youmustworkhonestlytoattainit.原因解釋型(4)通過however一詞轉(zhuǎn)折引入文章主題“為什么做人應(yīng)該誠實(shí)”(5)以一句名諺語及foronething,foranother兩個(gè)短語說明原因(6)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化主題，即不論要達(dá)到什么目的，必須通過誠實(shí)的方法獲得(4)參考模板【模板一】

Nowadays,weoftenhearthat

（提出現(xiàn)象）.Thisphenomenonisnotaccidental,andthereissocialandindividualbackground.

Why

?Foronething,

（原因1）.

Foranother,

（原因2）.Forinstance,

（舉例說明）.Fromthat,we

.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreethat

.Ithinkthat

（作者本人的觀點(diǎn)）.

.第三段或?yàn)椋?/p>

Weshouldtakemeasuresto

.First,

（措施1）.Second,

（措施2）.Finally,

（措施3）.原因解釋型(4)參考模板【模板二】

Asisknowntoall,_________.PeopleseemtogetAccustomedto_________.Infact,_____________.

Thereasonliesinseveralaspects.Firstly,______.Secondly,___________.Thirdly,_______________.Finally,________.

Asamatteroffact,_________.Ontheonehand,___________.Ontheotherhand,______________.Therefore,____________.原因解釋型(1)特點(diǎn)及寫作要求

問題解決型的作文通常先說明情況，提出問題，隨后提出解決方法或處理方式，最后給予評(píng)價(jià)。(2)寫作流程

第一段：描述現(xiàn)狀、形勢(shì)、提出問題。第二段：提出解決問題的方法。第三段：簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)提及的方法，或選擇其中一、兩種自己認(rèn)為合適的方法并說明理由。問題解決型--P69(3)真題分析2000年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.面試在求職過程中的作用2.取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)事求是……問題解決型【范文】HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview

(1)Nowadays,greatimportancehasbeenattachedtointerviewsbyboththeemployerandthejob-hunter.(2)Ontheonehand,theinterviewercantakeadvantageoftheoccasiontolearnaboutthecandidates,suchastheirworkexperience,educationandtheirpersonalities,soastopickouttherightperson.(2)Ontheotherhand,theintervieweecanmakeuseoftheopportunitytoknowthejob,includingsalary,workingconditionsandopportunitiesforfuturedevelopment.

(3)Therefore,thejobinterviewisveryimportanttoajob-hunter.Buthowcanwesucceedinit?

(4)Firstly,dressproperlyandneatlysincethefirstimpressionisoneofthekeystosuccess.(4)Secondly，behavepolitelyandconfidently.Don’tbetooproud,andneithertooshy.Showyourexpertiseandabilitiestotheemployerwithrespectandconfidence.(4)Lastbutnottheleast,theintervieweeoughttobehonestabouthisorherpersonalaswellasacademicbackground,forhonestyisthebestpolicy.(1)提出問題，點(diǎn)題，指出面試的重要性(2)從interviewer與interviewee兩方面闡述面試在求職過程中的作用，為引出文章主題做鋪墊(4)分層次解釋取得面試成功的三大因素，“l(fā)astbutnottheleast”意為“最后，但同樣重要的是”問題解決型(3)Therefore承上啟下，but提出主題【范文】HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview

(5)Tosumup,thejobinterviewisreallyimportant,butthereisnoneedtobenervous.(5)Aslongasyouhavetheabilityforthejobandputtheaboveprinciplesintopractice,youwillmostprobablysucceedinit.(5)“tosumup”引出總結(jié)，“aslongas”句型引出建議，語言簡(jiǎn)練，連接緊湊問題解決型(4)參考模板【模板一】

Nowadays,greatimportancehasbeenattachedto

（目前的現(xiàn)象及存在的問題）.Manywayscancontributeto

(要解決的問題),butthefollowingonesmaybeeffective.

Firstofall,

（方法1）.Besides,

（方法2）.Finally,

（方法3）.

Inconclusion/Tosumup,thewaysIhavementionedaboveshouldneverbeseparatedfromeachother.

（希望）.問題解決型(4)參考模板【模板二】

Withthe______of______,____________.Soit’sofgreatimportanceforusto__________.Ontheonehand,________.Ontheotherhand,_____________.

However,wehavefigureoutmanywaysto/Asisknowntoall,therearemanyways_______.Firstly,_______________.Solongas______________.Secondly,___________.Thirdly,_____________.

Infact/Soit’shightimeforusto,______.Thatisbecause_____.Inaword,______________.問題解決型應(yīng)用文，就是在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中有實(shí)際應(yīng)用功能的文體，比如書信、通知、演講稿、見證書、導(dǎo)游詞等。應(yīng)用文是大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試中常見的考查內(nèi)容，與議論文、記敘文和說明文相比，應(yīng)用型作文與生活、社會(huì)的聯(lián)系更加緊密，在格式、行文習(xí)慣等方面更講究規(guī)矩。因此，無論寫哪些應(yīng)用型作文，都必須按其各自規(guī)范化的、約定俗成的格式來寫，不能隨意改變格式。下面主要講述英文書信的構(gòu)成、寫英文書信時(shí)應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)。應(yīng)用型--P71(1)書信的構(gòu)成

英文書信一般分為六個(gè)部分：信頭，信內(nèi)地址，稱呼，正文，結(jié)束語，署名。此外信末還可附上附件及再啟。①信頭(Heading)信頭通常包括發(fā)信人的地址和發(fā)件日期，置于信紙右上角，離信紙的頂頭約一英寸，在靠近信紙的中央開始寫。地址的寫法有小到大。若用印有信頭的信箋，則打上發(fā)信日期即可。日期寫法有英、美兩種不同的格式。英國寫法為“日、月、年”，美國寫法為“月、日、年”。如：April19,2007(American)19thApril,2007(British)應(yīng)用型信頭分兩種：齊頭式(BlockStyle）和縮進(jìn)式(IndentedStyle）齊頭式：16BrownSt.ReadingBerksEnglandMarch6th,2008縮進(jìn)式：16BrownSt.

Reading

Berks

England

March6th,2008應(yīng)用型②信內(nèi)地址(InsideAddress)信內(nèi)地址包括收信人的姓名、地址，寫在左上方，位置比右上方發(fā)信人的地址和日期低1-2行，也是分?jǐn)?shù)行從小到大依次書寫。私人信件則不拘形式。在收信人名字前須加尊稱如Mr.,Miss,Sir,Dr.等③稱呼(Salutation)稱呼是對(duì)收件人的稱呼，另起一行寫在信內(nèi)地址下面，在稱呼后一般加“，”。如DearMr.Green或DearPresidentBush。若寫給某個(gè)單位或不熟悉的人，可用DearSir/Madam或DearDirector/Gentleman。④正文(Body)正文通常包含三部分內(nèi)容：第一部分用一兩句話寫明寫信的目的或表達(dá)問候、謝意；第二部分具體說明所談事物的細(xì)節(jié)問題；第三部分是向?qū)Ψ皆僖淮伪磉_(dá)你的誠意和感謝等。正文的第一行須離稱呼一個(gè)行距或兩個(gè)行距，段首縮進(jìn)四個(gè)字符。應(yīng)用型⑤結(jié)尾謙稱(ComplimentaryClose)結(jié)尾謙稱這一客套稱呼寫在結(jié)尾語(正文)下隔一行處，從正中或偏右處寫起。目前，也有人偏左處寫起。第一個(gè)字母大寫，后面加逗號(hào)。Devotedly,Lovingly,Yourown,Allmylove,(用于情人、夫妻之間）Yourslovingly,Youraffectionately,(用于親密的家人之間)Sincerelyyours,(用于熟悉的人之間)Respectfullyyours,(用于地位高的人或長(zhǎng)輩)Faithfullyyours,(用于對(duì)機(jī)關(guān)的正式函件)⑥簽名(Signature)簽名的位置在結(jié)束語之下，偏向信紙的右邊。信紙上一定要有親筆簽名。即使信紙上已經(jīng)有打印的簽名，仍需在其上方親筆簽一遍。應(yīng)用型⑦附件(Enclosure)如果信的正文中談到有附件，應(yīng)在左下角注明Enclosure或Encl.或Encls.。若附件不止一個(gè)，則寫上2（或3、4等）encls。例如：Encl:Acopyofmyresume2Encls:2Invoices3Encls:1Resume1Doctor’sCertificate1Photo應(yīng)用型完整信件格式圖例：（*私人信件或非正式信件通常省略信內(nèi)的寄信人地址、收信人地址和日期。）

Heading（信頭）Addressofthewriter

DateInsideAddress（收件人姓名，地址）Salutation（稱呼），TheBodyoftheLetter（信文）……………….ComplimentaryClose（結(jié)尾謙稱），

Signature（簽名）應(yīng)用型(2)英文書信的特點(diǎn)及寫作要求書信的寫作格式比較固定，通常不是考試的重點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)仍然是英語解釋或說明一件事情的能力。英文書信主要分為私人信函（Personalletter）和公務(wù)信函（businessletter）。私人信函是寫給親朋好友，與他們互通消息、交流感情的渠道。公務(wù)信函包括商務(wù)信函、社交信函、事務(wù)信函甚至私人事務(wù)信函，如申請(qǐng)書、推薦信、祝賀信、邀請(qǐng)信、投訴信、感謝信、求職信、道歉信等。開頭部分：點(diǎn)名寫信的意圖；主體部分：展開說明問題、介紹情況或描寫事件；結(jié)尾部分：提出愿望或表達(dá)感謝、祝福。應(yīng)用型(3)真題分析2004年1月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowrite

aletterinreplytoafriend’sinquiryaboutapplyingforadmissiontoyourcollegeoruniversity.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.建議報(bào)考的專業(yè)及理由2.報(bào)考該專業(yè)的基本條件3.應(yīng)當(dāng)如何備考

ALetterofReplytoaFriend

December27th,2003Dear×××,應(yīng)用型

ALetterofReplytoaFriend

December27th,2003Dear×××,

Iwasgladtoreceiveyourlettertwodaysago.(1)Inanswertoyourquestionabouthowtoapplyforadmissiontoouruniversity,(1)

Iwillgiveyouthefollowingadvices.IsuggestyoutoapplyfortheEnglishmajor.(2)Foronething,theEnglishmajorofouruniversityisfamousforitsmodernteachingequipmentsandprestigiousprofessors.(2)Foranother,generallygraduatesmajoredinEnglishinouruniversitygetdesirableemploymentonjobmarkets.

(3)Therearesomerequirementsforthismajor.(3)Forexample,youhavetohaveagoodfoundationinEnglish.(3)Moreover,youhavetopayahighertuitionthanstudentsofothermajors.應(yīng)用型(1)”inanswerto”道明寫信的目的(2)兩個(gè)短語指明提出建議的理由(3)Therebe句型承上啟下，兩個(gè)短語引出報(bào)考該專業(yè)的基本條件

(4)Besides,youhavetomakesomepreparationforthetest.(4)Ontheonehand,youshouldpayattentiontoenlargingyourvocabularyandpracticingthegrammar.(4)Ontheotherhand,youshouldpracticethelisteningandoralEnglishpersistently.(4)Lastbutnotleast,toreachthegoal,lotsofexercisesarenecessary.

Yourssincerely,

LiangChen應(yīng)用型(4)”besides”一詞就如何備考給出自己的建議，三個(gè)短語分層次更詳細(xì)的闡述備考的建議(1)特點(diǎn)及寫作要求

綜合敘事型文章是以記人敘事為主要內(nèi)容、以敘述為主要表達(dá)方式的文章。寫這類作文要綜合記敘、描寫和議論等寫作方法，既要交代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和變化，也要分析事情發(fā)生的原因或?qū)懗鰝€(gè)人感受。(2)寫作流程第一段：引出主題，交待清楚事情發(fā)生的背景，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及人物等。第二段：描述事情發(fā)生的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。第三段：分析事件發(fā)生的原因或者寫出個(gè)人的感受。綜合敘事型--P74(3)真題分析2003年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicAnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccident.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:假設(shè)你在某日某時(shí)某地目擊一起車禍，就此寫一份見證書。見證書包括以下幾點(diǎn)：1.車禍發(fā)生的時(shí)間及地點(diǎn)2.你所見到的車禍情況3.你對(duì)車禍原因的分析綜合敘事型【范文】

AnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccident

(1)OnMay5th,2003,IwitnessedandanaccidentonWuyiRoadonmywaytothePedestrianStreet.

(2)Itwasaroundoneo’clockintheafternoonthatIwasridingmybicycle.(2)HardlyhadIgottoamajorcrossroadwhenthegreentrafficlightflashed,soIstopped.Thetrafficlightsoonturnedred,butamiddle-agedman,alsoridingabicycle,passedmeonmyrightanddecidedtotakearisk.Tomysurprise,hewasfollowedbythreeorfourpeople.Itwasmostunluckyforthemanwhofirstrushedoutandwashitbyataxi(2)runningatfullspeed.Withaharshsoundoftheemergencybrake,thecarstoppedbutthemanfelldown,(2)mourningandbleeding.Theredlightwasstillonatthatmoment.

(3)

Inmyopinion,theaccidentwasduetothebicycle-rider’sbreakingthetrafficregulation.Thetaxidriverisalsotobeblamed—ifhehadsloweddownatthecrossroad,theconsequencewouldnothavebeensoserious.HowIwishpeoplecouldbemorecareful,inthatcase,suchtragediescouldbecomefewerandfewer.(1)敘述了此次交通事故發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)(3)分析事件的原因，發(fā)表自己的看法(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語氣、倒裝句型使用得當(dāng)，句式豐富，使得整個(gè)事件的經(jīng)過生動(dòng)而形象綜合敘事型(4)參考模板

Itis

（時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)）when

（事件）tookplace.

（簡(jiǎn)單敘述一兩句）.

Isaw

sight.

（描寫情景，注意描寫的順序）.Tobeginwith,________________Andthen,

.Eventually,

.Asaconsequence,

（結(jié)束語）.

Inmyopinion,threefactorscontributeto

.First,

(原因1).Second，

（原因2）.Last,

（原因3）.Alltheseledto

（結(jié)束語）第三段或?yàn)橐韵履Ｊ剑?/p>

Idobelieve

（個(gè)人感受）.綜合敘事型(1)特點(diǎn)及寫作要求圖表型作文要求根據(jù)圖表上的數(shù)據(jù)，找出所反映的某個(gè)趨勢(shì)或某一個(gè)問題、現(xiàn)象，并對(duì)該問題、趨勢(shì)所產(chǎn)生的原因進(jìn)行分析。常見的圖表型作文有表格（table）、曲線圖（linechart）、條形圖（bargraph）、餅形圖（piechart）和圖片（picture）。寫圖表型作文應(yīng)該做好以下幾點(diǎn)：1.看懂并理解圖表的含義，這是寫好圖表型作文的前提；2.選擇能充分說明圖表主題的典型數(shù)據(jù)；3.根據(jù)分析結(jié)果和文章的題目寫出各段的主題句并展開論述；4.合理的結(jié)構(gòu)安排是：第一段簡(jiǎn)明扼要，盡量少引數(shù)據(jù)，重在點(diǎn)明趨勢(shì)；二、三段的分析是重點(diǎn)，應(yīng)展開。圖表型--P75(2)寫作流程第一段：總體說明圖表所反映的趨勢(shì)、問題、現(xiàn)象，并選用典型數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行說明；第二段：分析該問題或該現(xiàn)象的原因或后果；第三段：提出解決問題的辦法、建議或進(jìn)行展望。(3)真題分析2002年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:圖表型1.下圖所示為1990，1995，2000年某校大學(xué)生使用計(jì)算機(jī)的情況，請(qǐng)描述其變化2.說明發(fā)生這些變化的原因（可從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途、價(jià)格或社會(huì)發(fā)展等方面加以說明）3.你認(rèn)為大學(xué)生在使用計(jì)算機(jī)中有什么困難和問題?！痉段摹?/p>

StudentUseofComputers

(1)Thischartshowstheincreaseofstudentsuseofcomputersfromtheyear1990to2000.(1)Aswecansee,in1990,theaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekis2.In1995,however,thenumberdoublesandin2000,itsoarsto20hoursperweek.

(2)Thissignificantgrowthcanbeattributedto(歸因于)severalfactors.(2)Firstly,thevalueofcomputershasbeengraduallyrecognized.Atfirst,acomputerwasconsiderednothingbutanexpensivetypewriter.Laterpeoplefounditcouldprocesspictures,soundaswellaswords.(2)Particularly,thelatestdevelopmentofInternethasmadecomputersessentialtostudentswhohopetoobtaininformationmorequickly.(2)Moreover,since1990,duetotechnologicaladvances,computerpriceshavedroppedsignificantly,whichhasmadecomputeraccessmoreaffordabletocollegestudents.(1)描述圖表內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明變化趨勢(shì)(2)首句引出圖表數(shù)據(jù)變化的原因，接著分層次進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述，條理清楚，who及which引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)定語從句使句子緊湊、完整圖表型【范文】

StudentUseofComputers

(3)Itistruethat

studentshavebenefitsalotfromtheuseofcomputers.(4)However,ontheotherhand,problemshavealsoarisen.Somestudentsindulgethemselvesincomputergamessothattheyignoretheirstudies.Therearealsostudentswhoevengoastray(歧途，迷途)

becauseoftheexposuretothepornography(色情資料)ontheInternet.(4)Therefore,aseverycoinhastwosides,thecomputerisablessing(令人高興的事物，帶來幸福的事物)

aslongas

itisusedinaproperway.(3)總結(jié)上文，承上(4)However啟下，指出存在的問題(4)Therefore引出問題的對(duì)立面，aslongas提出建議圖表型(4)參考模板

Recentlytherehasbeenatremendousgrowthin

（指出第一次數(shù)據(jù)變化）.Whatamazesusmostis

（第二次數(shù)據(jù)變化）.Itistruethat

（點(diǎn)明變化趨勢(shì)）.

Therearemanyreasonsexplaining

.Themainreasonis

.What’smore,

.Thirdly,

.Asaresult,

.

Consideringallthis,Ibelieve

（指出大學(xué)生在使用計(jì)算機(jī)中有困難和問題）.Foronething,

(困難一）.Foranother,

（困難二）.Inconclusion,

（提出建議）.

圖表型專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練MisleadingNews(P.141)

Nowadays,alargeamountofmisleadingnewsappearsinthemediacircle,whichcallsforpeople’sattention.Anincreasingnumberofreporterswriteuntruestoriesaboutfamousstarsorhotevents.

Itismainlyduetothewrongnotionofsomejournaliststhatweencountermoreandmoremisleadingnews.Firstly,somejournalistsdevotethemselvestocookingupsomemisleadingnewstomakenameforthemselvesorbecomemorepopularinthemediacircle.Inordertomaketheirdreamscometrue,theycoinmoreandmoremisleadingnewsneglectingtheirmoralityofprofession.Secondly,someoftheaudienceareveryinterestedinmisleadingnews,whichtosomeextentleadstotheexistenceofmisleadingnews.Inaddition,theywronglybelievethatinthecompetitivemediacircle,nomediacansurvivewithoutthesensationalstoriescateringtoreaders’tasteandcuriosity.

Inmyview,themediacircleshouldtaketheresponsibilityofofferingtrueinformation.Thus,allthejournalistsshouldabidebytheirprofessionalmoralsandproducetruenewstothepublic.Ontheotherhand,thereadersshouldtrytoresistthemisleadingnews.Inthisway,wecanenjoyourlifebyreadingtruenews..（2）EnergyCrisis(P.142)

Whenaskedaboutoneofthebiggestproblemswearefacingtoday,manypeoplemaysaythatanenergycrisisisapproachingandisthreateningmankind’ssurvival.Theyareafraidthattheworldislikelytorunoutofoilandmetalsandtorunshortoffoodinthenearfuture.Tothisproblem,mostcountriesrespondwiththedemandformorerigidconservationofournaturalresources.Indeed,thisisurgentlyneeded,forthepresentwasteofenergyinindustrialandpersonalconsumptionissoseriousthatithasbecomehabitualandtraditional.Ifthenaturalresourcesareusedeconomically,wecancertainlyslowdownthepresentdrainonthelimitedenergysupply.However,conservationaloneisnottheanswer.Itisobviousthatevenifwecansavemuchenergy,wecanonlydelaytheenergycrisis,butcannotsolvetheproblemcompletely.Howeverabundantcertainnaturalresourcesmaybe,theycannotreproducethemselvesandareboundtobeusedupultimately.Sointhelongrun,wemustdevelopnewsourcesofenergyinsteadof