智能車整體模型分析

000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111智能家電控制技術(shù)與實(shí)施課程團(tuán)隊(duì)宋玉宏?？∮?/p>

李景照謝志義順德職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院主講：李景照智能車整體模型分析順德職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院智能小車結(jié)構(gòu)示意舵機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向模塊電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊循跡/探測(cè)模塊智能控制模塊Part1系統(tǒng)框圖Part2穩(wěn)壓電路 在輸入電壓、負(fù)載、環(huán)境溫度、電路參數(shù)等發(fā)生變化時(shí)仍能保持輸出電壓恒定的電路。這種電路能提供穩(wěn)定的直流電源，廣為各種電子設(shè)備所采用。 各個(gè)電路在工作時(shí)需要有穩(wěn)定的電壓保障，否則將很容易出現(xiàn)故障或性能指標(biāo)達(dá)不到要求。78XX為正電源，XX為所穩(wěn)電壓值，如7805則為穩(wěn)定正5V輸出，7812則為穩(wěn)定正12V輸出。79XX為負(fù)電源。 部分同學(xué)制作時(shí)采用幾塊三端穩(wěn)壓電路并聯(lián)起來(lái)，增大其最大輸出電流。但實(shí)際效果不大。 輸入電壓應(yīng)比輸出電壓高2V左右。旁路電容：抑制自激振蕩濾波電容：電壓更加平滑Part3傳感器 傳感器，是智能汽車的“眼睛”，可以通過(guò)一定的前瞻性，提前感知前方的賽道信息，為智能汽車的“大腦”做出決策提供必要的依據(jù)和充足的反應(yīng)時(shí)間。常用傳感器： 紅外對(duì)管，激光，攝像頭，電感，加速度傳感器，陀螺儀，編碼器，金屬開(kāi)關(guān)，超聲波測(cè)距，指南針傳感器。Part4MCU

MCU(MicroControlUnit)中文名稱為微控制單元，又稱單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)(SingleChipMicrocomputer)或者單片機(jī)，是指隨著大規(guī)模集成電路的出現(xiàn)及其發(fā)展，將計(jì)算機(jī)的CPU、RAM、ROM、定時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)器和多種I/O接口集成在一片芯片上，形成芯片級(jí)的計(jì)算機(jī)，為不同的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合做不同組合控制 MCU是整個(gè)智能汽車的“大腦”，將采集光電傳感器、編碼器等傳感器的信號(hào)，根據(jù)控制算法做出控制決策，驅(qū)動(dòng)直流電機(jī)和伺服電機(jī)完成對(duì)智能汽車的控制。 51單片機(jī)是基礎(chǔ)入門的一個(gè)單片機(jī)，還是應(yīng)用最廣泛的一種。 石英晶體振蕩器是一種高精度和高穩(wěn)定度的振蕩器，被廣泛應(yīng)用于彩電、計(jì)算機(jī)、遙控器等各類振蕩電路中，以及通信系統(tǒng)中用于頻率發(fā)生器、為數(shù)據(jù)處理設(shè)備產(chǎn)生時(shí)鐘信號(hào)和為特定系統(tǒng)提供基準(zhǔn)信號(hào)。晶振原理及作用請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊Part5電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)

L298N是ST公司生產(chǎn)的一種高電壓、大電流電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片。該芯片采用15腳封裝。 主要特點(diǎn)是：工作電壓高，輸出電流大，可以用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)直流電動(dòng)機(jī)和步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)、繼電器線圈等感性負(fù)載；采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)邏輯電平信號(hào)控制；具有兩個(gè)使能控制端。L298N具體參數(shù)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊電源電壓續(xù)流保護(hù)Part6電池的選用 航模電池與飛思卡爾專用電池性能能較好，但由于價(jià)格昂貴且體積較大，不建議使用。5號(hào)堿性電池電壓電流較小且電量不夠。 手機(jī)電池體積較小，兩塊串聯(lián)后輸出電壓有7.5V左右，可以反復(fù)使用。充電時(shí)需注意分開(kāi)充電。電子市場(chǎng)約10-15元一塊00011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110001100011110001100011110011001100101100011000111100110011001011000110001111000110001111001100110010110001100011110011001100101100011000111100011000111100110011001011000110001111001100110010110