2018-2019學(xué)年英語新導(dǎo)學(xué)外研版必修三講義：Module 1 Period One

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精Europeisknownallovertheworldastheplacewhichsawtheorigins(起源）ofWesternculture.TheseinterestingfactsaboutEuropewouldtellyoumanymoredetailsaboutthiscontinent.Here’salookatsomeinterestingfactsaboutEurope。Geographicallyspeaking，Europecoversabout10,160,000squarekilometers.TheArcticOceanliestothenorthofEuropewhiletheAtlanticOceanliesonthewesternside。Europeenjoysquitedifferentclimatesdependinguponeachregion.TheclimatemaybereallyfreezinginareasofScandinaviawhilecertaincountriesenjoyverywarmweather.Europehasaninterestingmixofcultures，whichisprobablybecauseoftheappearanceofmanyreligions(宗教）．TherearemanycountriesinEuropethathaveofficialreligions.AninterestingfactisthatcertainSwissvillagesevenhavetheirreligionwrittenacrossatthesignsseenattheentrancetothesevillages。TherearemanyinterestingmusicalstylesinEurope.Theserangefromthetraditionalkindstomodernfolkorevenrockmusic.TherearealsolotsoffestivalsinEurope.Here，wecanseethecelebrationoftheOktoberfest，whichisheldinGermany，aswellasthecelebrationoftheCannesFilmFestival，whichisheldinFrance。Europeisconnectedwiththeoriginsofmanysportsthathavebecomepopularallovertheworld.Cricketoriginated(起源于)inthesouthernareaofEnglandandgolfwhichisyetanotherpopularsportoriginatedinScotland.Also,therearegamesliketennisandhandballthatareextremelypopularinEurope.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正(T）誤（F)1．TheclimatemaybethesameindifferentregionsinEurope.(F）2．TheCannesFilmFestivalisheldinGermany.（F）3．GolfisapopularsportinEurope，whichoriginatedinScotland.(T）PeriodOneIntroduction&ReadingandVocabularyⅠ。重點(diǎn)單詞1．a(chǎn)crossprep.橫過；穿過2．continentaladj。大陸的;大洲的continentn．大洲；大陸3．facevt.面向；面對(duì)4．rangen．山脈5．landmarkn．標(biāo)志性建筑6．situatedadj.坐落(某處）的;位于(某處)的situatevt.使位于situationn．局面，形勢(shì)7．symboln．象征；符號(hào)8．locatedadj.位于locatevt。&vi.確定……的位置；坐落9．a(chǎn)rchitectn．建筑師architecturen．建筑10．projectn．計(jì)劃;項(xiàng)目;工程11．birthplacen．發(fā)源地；出生地birthn．出生;起源12．civilisation/civilizationn．文明civilise/civilizevt。使開化,使文明13．a(chǎn)ncientadj。古代的Ⅱ。重點(diǎn)短語1．offthecoast在（離開海岸的）海面上2．onthecoast在海岸上3．becoveredwith/by被……覆蓋4．belocated/situatedin/on坐落于……5．befamousfor因……而著名6．workon著手做7．becauseof由于；因?yàn)?．beknownas作為……而出名/聞名9．eversince自從……一直Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句式1．完全倒裝句BetweenFranceandSpainisanothermountainrange—thePyrenees。在法國(guó)與西班牙之間有另外一座山脈——比利牛斯山脈.2．“分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”作主語Abouttwo.thirdsofFrance’sartistsandwriterslive（live）inParis。大約三分之二的法國(guó)藝術(shù)家和作家居住在巴黎。3．which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句OneofBarcelona’smostfamouslandmarksistheChurchoftheSagradaFamilia，whichwasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntonioGaudi。巴塞羅那最著名的標(biāo)志性建筑之一是圣家族大教堂,這座教堂是由建筑師安東尼奧·高迪設(shè)計(jì)的。4．eversince與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用Theirworkhasinfluenced（influence）otherwriterseversince。他們的作品自那以來一直影響著其他的作家。Ⅰ。閱讀課文，匹配信息1．ParisA．isknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilisation.2．BarcelonaB．isthecapitalandlargestcityofFrance.3．FlorenceC．isthesecondlargestcityofSpain.4．AthensD．isanItaliancitywhichbecamefamousbecauseoftheRenaissance。答案1.B2。C3。D4。AⅡ.課文閱讀理解1．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．IttellsussomethingaboutParis。B．ItisaboutthehistoryofEuropeancities.C．IttalksaboutthelandmarksoffourEuropeancities.D．ItintroducesfourgreatEuropeancitiestous.答案D2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheelementmakingParisfamous？A．TheEiffelTower。B．TheLouvre.C．Itsrestaurants，cafésandtheatres。D．TheartistsandwriterslivinginParis。答案D3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutBarcelona?A．ItisthelargestcityofSpain.B．ItisthecapitalcityofSpain.C．TheChurchoftheSagradaFamiliaisoneofthemostfamoussitesinthecity。D．TheChurchoftheSagradaFamiliatookthearchitectover44yearstofinishit。答案C4．FlorenceisfamousformanythingsEXCEPT.A．theRenaissanceB．thelandscapeofthecityC．manygreatartistsandtheirworksD．someartgalleries，churchesandmuseums答案B5．InwhichwaymentionedinthepassagewasAthensdifferentfromtheotherthreecities?A．Itisthecapitalcityandthebirthplaceofthecivilisation.B．Itwastheworld’smostpowerfulcitywithalonghistory.C．TherearemanyfamousbuildingsinAthens。D．ManywriterslivinginAthenshaveinfluencedotherwriterswiththeirworks.答案BⅢ。課文難句分析FlorenceisanItaliancitywhichbecamefamousbecauseoftheRenaissance，agreatartisticmovementwhichbeganinthe1300sandlastedforthreehundredyears。［句式分析][自主翻譯]佛羅倫薩是意大利的一個(gè)城市。它因文藝復(fù)興而出名,文藝復(fù)興是一場(chǎng)偉大的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，它始于14世紀(jì)并持續(xù)了三百年.歐洲有很多名勝古跡和文化瑰寶,你知道下列圖畫分別是哪兒?jiǎn)?？?qǐng)匹配它們的名字.A．Colosseum意大利古羅馬斗獸場(chǎng)B．Louvre盧浮宮C．CathedralofNotreDame巴黎圣母院D．BigBen大本鐘E．TriumphalArch凱旋門F．TowerBridge倫敦塔橋答案1.E2.C3.B4.D5.F6。A重點(diǎn)詞匯1．FranceisEurope’sthirdlargestcountryandfacestheUnitedKingdomacrossthe法國(guó)是歐洲第三大國(guó)，與英國(guó)之間隔著英吉利海峽。facevt。面向；面對(duì)；n。面孔,臉；表面faceuptosth.敢于面對(duì)某事；勇于正視某事befacedwith面對(duì)/面臨……facetoface面對(duì)面makeaface＝makefaces做鬼臉inthefaceof面對(duì)問題、困難或危險(xiǎn)等loseface丟臉；丟面子注意：face和befacedwith都有“面臨,面對(duì)”的意思,高考中常以非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式出現(xiàn)，即考查用facing還是faced。有with的選用faced；沒有with的選用facing。(1)We’llfaceatoughfightinthecomingelection。在即將到來的選舉中,我們將面臨一場(chǎng)惡戰(zhàn).(2）IhavegrownupnowandIhavetofaceuptomyresponsibilities.我現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)大了，必須勇于面對(duì)自己的責(zé)任。(3)Hefelthelostfacewhenhisteacherscoldedhiminfrontoftheclass。當(dāng)老師在全班同學(xué)面前訓(xùn)斥他的時(shí)候，他感到丟臉。[一句多譯](4)面對(duì)那么多的麻煩，他們沒能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。①Facedwithsomuchtrouble,theyfailedtofinishthetaskontime.②Facingsomuchtrouble，theyfailedtofinishthetaskontime.③Inthefaceofsomuchtrouble,theyfailedtofinishthetaskontime。［單句改錯(cuò)］（5）InNewZealand，peopleliveinthehouseswiththeirdoorseq\f(faces，facing）south。2．BetweenItalyandFrance，thereisamountainrangecalledtheAlps。在意大利和法國(guó)之間有一座山脈叫阿爾卑斯山脈.rangen.山脈；范圍；射程；種類;v。在一定的范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)/變化arangeof一系列……；各種各樣的……within/intherangeof在……范圍內(nèi)beyond/outofone’srange超出某人的范圍rangefromAtoB/betweenAandB在A和B之間變化［圖解助記］(1)Arangeofcolorsandpatternsareavailable。各種顏色和圖案都有。（2)Thefoodpriceswillhaveanincreasein/withintherangeof7to10percent。食品價(jià)格將會(huì)有百分之七到百分之十的增長(zhǎng)。（3)Thepriceofthehouseiswellbeyond/outofourrange.這所房子的價(jià)格遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出我們所能承受的范圍。（4)Theseproductsrangefrom3to15inprice。這些產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格在3美元到15美元之間。[單句改錯(cuò)］(5)Hehasanumberofinterests，eq\f（ranged，ranging)fromplayingchesstoswimming.（6）Thefirmwillprovideuswithaninterestingrangeeq\o（\s\up7（∧），\s\do5(of）)booksandvideos.3．ParisisthecapitalandlargestcityofFrance，situatedontheRiverSeine.巴黎是法國(guó)的首都,也是法國(guó)最大的城市，坐落在塞納河畔。(1)situatedadj。坐落（某處)的；位于（某處）的eq\b\lc\\rc\｝(\a\vs4\al\co1（besituatedon/at/in。..,belocatedin。。。，liein.。。））坐落于……；位于……(2)situatevt.使位于，使處于（3)situationn．情形；境遇ina（difficult)situation在(困難）的形勢(shì)下（1）Theschoolissituated/locatedintheheartofthecity。這所學(xué)校位于市中心.(2）Hefoundhimselfinadifficultsituation.他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處境困難。［一句多譯](3)這座小城市位于中國(guó)的南部。①ThesmallcityissituatedinthesouthofChina。（situated)②ThesmallcityislocatedinthesouthofChina.（located)③ThesmallcityliesinthesouthofChina.(lie)[單句改錯(cuò)]（4）Thecity，eq\f（situate，situated)intheeastofthearea，hasbecomeamodernindustrialcenter.4．Itisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworldandisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.它是世界上最美麗的城市之一,每年有800多萬游客前來參觀。morethan意為“超過，多于”，其反義短語為lessthan“少于”.morethanone＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不止一個(gè)……morethan＋n.不止,不僅僅是……;多于，超過morethan＋adj。/adv。很，非常nomorethan僅僅，只不過notmorethan不超過，不比……多注意：“morethanone＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但因中心詞是單數(shù)形式,謂語也須用單數(shù)以符合語法一致的原則.(1)Therearenotmorethan30studentsintheclassroom.教室里有不超過30個(gè)學(xué)生。(2)It’snomorethanamisunderstanding.這只是一個(gè)誤會(huì)。[一詞多義]寫出下列句子中morethan的漢語意思（3)Ittakesmorethanonedayforustocompletetheproject.超過(4）ChinaDailyismorethananewspaper；itcangreatlyimproveourEnglish。不僅僅是(5）Theplotsofthedramaaremorethanentertainingandmoving。非常［單句改錯(cuò)](6）Thismorning，morethanonestudenteq\f（were,was）lateforclass。5．ThemostpopularplacefortouristsistheEiffelTower，thefamoussymbolofParis。最受游客歡迎的地方是埃菲爾鐵塔，是巴黎的著名標(biāo)志。symboln。象征；符號(hào);標(biāo)志symbolofsth.……的象征symbolforsth?！姆?hào)或記號(hào)（1）Feisthechemicalsymbolforiron.Fe是化學(xué)元素“鐵”的符號(hào)。（2)Weallknowthedoveisconsideredasasymbolofpeace。我們都知道鴿子被認(rèn)為是和平的象征.[易混辨析］symbol，signal，sign，mark※symbol一般是指有象征意義的標(biāo)志、符號(hào)?！鵶ignal一般是指信號(hào)、暗號(hào)的意思，比如說數(shù)字信號(hào)、危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)、求救信號(hào)等?！鵶ign這個(gè)詞可以指符號(hào)或者裝置，也可表示情緒、性格的直觀顯示，還指具體的用于辨識(shí)或指示的標(biāo)志，如指示牌、交通標(biāo)志等.借喻時(shí)作“征兆、跡象"?！鵰ark指在事物上留下印記,用來辨別該事物，和sign相比，更側(cè)重于指區(qū)別性或提示性的標(biāo)志,有時(shí)不一定十分直觀或明顯,可以用作動(dòng)詞也可以用作名詞。[選詞填空］symbol，signal，sign，mark(3)Thereisnosignofrainatalltoday。（4）Ineithercase，youcanmarkyourapprovaloraddnotes.(5）Thelighthouseflashesasignaltwiceaminute。（6)Inothers'eyes,hewasthesymbolofpoverty.6．Thecityisalsofamousforitsrestaurants,cafésandtheatres.這個(gè)城市也以其飯店、咖啡館和劇院而聞名.Athens，thecapitalofGreece，isknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilisation。雅典是希臘的首都，作為西方文明的發(fā)祥地而聞名于世。befamous/knownfor因……而出名befamous/knownas...作為……而出名bewell。knownfor...因……而出名bewell-knownto。..為……所熟知Itisknowntoallthat。..眾所周知……（1)Edisonisfamous/knownasaninventorintheworld。愛迪生在世界上作為發(fā)明家而出名。（2)HeisknowntousasascientistforhisdiscoveryofX-rays。作為一名科學(xué)家,他是因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)X射線而為我們所知的。(3）ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanisapartofChina.眾所周知臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)的一部分。［單句改錯(cuò)］（4)MrSmithisfamouseq\f(as,for)hisgoodteaching.［高級(jí)表達(dá)］（5）AsHangzhouisfamousfortheWestLake，itattractsalotofvisitorseveryyear。(用形容詞短語作狀語改寫）FamousfortheWestLake，Hangzhouattractsalotofvisitorseveryyear。7．FlorenceisanItaliancitywhichbecamefamousbecauseoftheRenaissance...佛羅倫薩是意大利的一個(gè)城市,它因文藝復(fù)興而出名……（1）becauseof因?yàn)?由于，為介詞短語，后接名詞（名詞性短語）、代詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；because雖然也表示“因?yàn)?，由于”，但它是連詞,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。(2)其他表示“由于,因?yàn)?的短語還有：owingto；dueto;thanksto；asaresultof；onaccountof。。。(1）Becausewehavestrongplayers,wewonthegame。因?yàn)槲覀兦騿T的實(shí)力強(qiáng)，所以我們贏了比賽。［句型轉(zhuǎn)換］（2）Theopen.aircelebrationhasbeenputoffbecausetheweatherisbad。Theopen.aircelebrationhasbeenputoffbecauseof/dueto/owingtothebadweather。［單句改錯(cuò)](3)Shewasveryunhappybecauseeq\o(\s\up7（∧），\s\do5(of))whathermothersaid。8．Theirworkhasinfluencedotherwriterseversince。他們的作品自那以來一直影響著其他的作家。eversince自從……一直注意:eversince常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,既可以單獨(dú)使用，也可接表示時(shí)間的單詞、短語或句子.（1）Ihaven’tseenhereversinceshegraduatedfromcollege。自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)我就再也沒見過她.(2）SnowWhiteandtheprincehavelived（live)ahappylifeeversince。白雪公主和王子從此過上了幸福的生活。［聯(lián)想拓展］常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語還有：since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)/句子，for＋時(shí)間段，sofar,tillnow,uptonow，lately，recently，yet，inthepastfewyears，ever,just等.經(jīng)典句式1．BetweenFranceandSpainisanothermountainrange—thePyrenees。在法國(guó)與西班牙之間有另外一座山脈-—比利牛斯山脈。（1）本句為完全倒裝句,結(jié)構(gòu)為：地點(diǎn)狀語＋謂語＋主語＋其他。（2）完全倒裝就是將整個(gè)謂語置于主語之前.當(dāng)一些表示方位的介詞短語或副詞，如up，down，out,in,here，there，off，back,away等或表示時(shí)間的now,then等副詞位于句首，且句子的主語是名詞而不是代詞時(shí)，句子常用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)Inthefrontoftheclassroomstandsourheadteacher。教室的前面站著我們的班主任.(2）Thedooropenedandincameourheadmaster.門開了，我們的校長(zhǎng)進(jìn)來了。(3)Look，therecometherestofourguests?？?，我們其余的客人們來了。(4）Hearingthedogbarking，awayfledthethief。聽到狗叫聲，那個(gè)賊逃跑了。[單句改錯(cuò)]（5）Johnopenedthedoor.Thereeq\f(standing，stood)agirlhehadneverseenbefore。［高級(jí)表達(dá)]（6）Anoldmanwhohadbeenkilledinthefirelayonthefloor.(改為倒裝句）Onthefloorlayanoldmanwhohadbeenkilledinthefire.2．OneofBarcelona’smostfamouslandmarksistheChurchoftheSagradaFamilia，whichwasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntonioGaudi。巴塞羅那最著名的標(biāo)志性建筑之一是圣家族大教堂，這座教堂是由建筑師安東尼奧·高迪設(shè)計(jì)的.(1)本句是復(fù)合句。which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞theChurchoftheSagradaFamilia。（2)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的特點(diǎn)：①which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),先行詞既可以是單個(gè)的指物的名詞或代詞，也可以是整個(gè)主句或其中的一部分。②which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，在定語從句中常作主語或賓語，且不能省略。(1）ThefilmYouth，whichIsawyesterday，wasveryinteresting。我昨天看的電影《芳華》，非常有趣。（2)Themanagersaidnothing，whichmadehimfeelveryupset。經(jīng)理什么也沒說，這使他感到很不安.[易混辨析]which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞意義先行詞位置as正如，如同。先行詞是整個(gè)主句或其中的一部分.可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中。which這一點(diǎn)，這件事。先行詞可以是單個(gè)的指物的名詞或代詞,也可以是整個(gè)句子,或其中的一部分。只能放在主句之后。［選詞填空]which，as（3)Tom，asyouknow，hasnotbeenwellrecently.(4)Hefailedtheexamagain,whichmadehismotherdisappointed.［單句改錯(cuò)］（5）eq\f(Which,As）isknowntoall，fishcan’tlivewithoutwater。Ⅰ。單句語法填空1．AtthetimeallIwantedtodowasgetbacktocivilisation（civilise）．2．Theroomdesigned(design)asadinninghallisnowavisitor'scenter.3．Theoldtownsituated（situate）atthefootofthemountainisveryfamous。4．Greatchangeshavetaken（take)placehereeversinceyouleft。5．Mysonbrokethevaluablecup,whichmademeveryangry.6．Faced（face）withadifficultsituation，hedecidedtoaskhisparentsforadvice.7．Shehashadalotofdifferentjobsranging（range）fromcheftoteacher.8．Atthefootofthesnowmountainlies（lie）asmallvillage。9．Morethanonepersonhas（have）madethesuggestionuptonow.10．MoYan,whoisawriter,isknowntomostChinesepeople。Ⅱ.完成句子11．她三年前畢業(yè),從那以后一直在做護(hù)士。Shegraduatedthreeyearsagoandhasworkedasanurseeversince。12．我們都知道，黃河是中國(guó)的第二長(zhǎng)河。Asweallknow，theYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.13．這個(gè)男人一直保持沉默，使得他的妻子很是氣惱.Themanremainedsilent，whichmadehiswifeveryannoyed。14．面對(duì)這種形勢(shì)，她不知道怎么做.Inthefaceof/Facedwith/Facingsuchasituation,shedoesn’tknowwhattodo.15．這個(gè)女孩很喜歡她生日那天爸爸買的禮物。Thegirllikesthegiftboughtbyherfatheronherbirthday。Ⅲ。課文語法填空Paris，oneofthemostbeautiful16.cities(city)intheworld,isthecapitalofFrance。It’swell。known17.fortheEiffelTower。TheLouvre，oneoftheworld's18。largest(large)artgalleries,isalsoinParis.Besides,therestaurants,cafésandtheatresinParisarealso19.popular(popularly)．Barcelonais20。thesecondlargestcityofSpain。TheChurchoftheSagradaFamiliaisoneofitsmostfamouslandmarks。FlorenceisinItaly。It’s21.known(know)fortheRenaissance,during22.whichsomegreatpaintingsandsculptureswereproduced.Florence’sartgalleries，churchesandmuseumsattractplentyof23.tourists（tourist)everyyear.TheUffiziPalaceisthemostfamousartgalleryinthecity.Athens，thecapitalofGreece，isthebirthplaceofwesterncivilisation。TheParthenonontheAcropolisHill24。wasbuilt(build）there.TheworkofGreece'sbestwritershasagoodeffect25。onotherwriters。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAretheBritishpeopleEuropeans？ThismayseemastrangequestiontoAfricansandAsians，whotendtothinkofallwhitemenasEuropeans.ButtheBritish,whentheyareinBritain,donotregardthemselvesasEuropeans。TheEuropeans，tothem，arethoseratherexcitableforeignersfromtheothersideoftheEnglishChannel,whohaveneverlearnthowtospeakEnglish。Europeis“theContinent”：notonlyaplacefullofinterestforBritishtourists，butalsothesourceofalmostallthewarsinwhichBritainhaseverbeeninvolved。Thus，althoughgeographicallyspeakingBritainisapartofEurope,yetthefactthatitisaseparateislandhasmadeitspeoplefeelvery,veryinsular.Theyfeel，andinmanywaysare，differentfromtherestofEuropeandtheysometimesannoycontinentalnationsbyfailingtosupportthem，oreventounderstandthem，intimeofneed.WheredidtheBritishpeoplecomefrom？Thisisanextraordinaryinterestingquestion，sincetheyareamixtureofmanydifferentraces，andalltheseracesinvadedBritainatvarioustimesfromEurope。NobodyknowsverymuchaboutBritainbeforetheRomanscameduringthefirstcenturyB．C.，buttherehadbeenatleastthreeinvasionsbeforethat.Thefirstofthesewasbyadark-hairedMediterraneanracecalledtheIberians。TheothertwowerebyCeltictribes：firsttheGaels,whosedescendantsarethemodernScotsandIrish,someofwhomstillspeaktheGaeliclanguage;andsecondtheBritons，whogavetheirnametothewholeislandofBritain.ThesewerethepeoplewhomtheRomansconquered。TheRomansgavetheBritonsagooddealoftheircivilisation，buttheyneversettledinBritaininverylargenumbers，sotheBritishracesurviveduntiltheoverthrowoftheRomanEmpirebythe“barbarians”，i.e.thenumerousGermanictribeswhichoverranthewholeofWesternEurope。eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了英國(guó)人的起源.)1．Thepurposeofthepassageisto.A．talkaboutEuropeansB．discusstheoriginofBritishpeopleC．a(chǎn)rgueforthesuperiorityofBritishpeopleD．comparetheEuropeanswithAfricansandAsians答案B解析寫作目的題.由第一段第一句“AretheBritishpeopleEuropeans?”再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知B項(xiàng)正確。2．Itcanbeknownfromthepassagethat。A．mostpeoplethinkwhitepeopleareEuropeansB．therearemanyAfricansandAsianslivinginEuropeC．whitemenareEuropeansintheeyesofAfricansandAsiansD．theBritishpeoplethinkofthemselvesasEuropeans答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第一段第二句“ThismayseemastrangequestiontoAfricansandAsians，whotendtothinkofallwhitemenasEuropeans?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確.3．WhydotheBritishpeoplefeelveryinsular?A．Theyaredifferentfromthosepeopleinthecontinent.B．Theysometimesfailtosupportthecontinentalcountriesintimeofneed.C．Theyareseparatedfromthecontinent.D．Theyareconsideredverydifficulttounderstand。答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第一段倒數(shù)第二句中“yetthefactthatitisaseparateislandhasmadeitspeoplefeelvery，veryinsular”可知C項(xiàng)正確。B（2018·河南洛陽高一期中）Inoneoftheworld’smostforbiddingenvironments,polarbearsspendtheirsummersroaming（漫步）theArcticonlargepiecesoffloatingice。Theydrift(漂移）forhundredsofmiles,findingmates，huntingforseals,andfattingthemselvesupforthewinter.Withoutthefloatingice,theworld'slargestbearscouldnotsurvive.Yetatthismoment,thepolarbears’Arctichabitat(棲息地）ismeltingawayunderitbecauseofglobalwarming.Overthepastthreedecades,morethanamillionsquaremilesoffloatingicehasdisappeared。Scientistspredictthat，ifthecurrentrateofglobalwarmingcontinues,most，ifnotall,ofthebears’floatingicewillbegoneby2100.Asaresult，theworld'spolarbearscouldfaceglobaldyingoutbytheendofthiscentury。Already，theiceonthesouthernedgeofthepolarbears’habitatismeltingaboutthreeweeksearlierthaninthepast。Thelossofthosekeyweeksleavesthebearslesstimetohunt，eatandstoreupfat.Oncetheicemelts，thebearsmustfastforuptoeightmonthsonlanduntilthefloatingicereturns。Asaresultofearlymelting，therehasbeena14percentdeclineintheHudsonBaypolarbearpopulationoverthepasttenyears—afallclearlycausedbyglobalwarming。Besides，agrowingnumberofpolarbearsmaybedrowning(溺水)astheyareforcedtoswimmoreoften，andforlongerdistances,lookingforicesheets(冰原）．AccordingtoareportbytheUSMineralsManagementService，researchersobservedfourdeadpolarbearsfloating60milesoffAlaskainSeptemberof2006andsaiditwaslikelythatmanyotherbearsswimmingfaroffshorealsodrowned。Scientistshaveconcludedthattheworldwidepopulationofabout20,000polarbearsislikelytobecomesmallerbymorethan30percentinthenext35to50yearsalone。eq\x(語篇解讀本文介紹了北極熊的生活習(xí)性和地球的變暖給北極熊帶來的危害。）4．Whatdopolarbearsusuallydoinsummer？A．Lookforrelatives. B．Huntforfood.C．Storecropsup。 D．Makefriendswithseals.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theydrift(漂移)forhundredsofmiles，findingmates，huntingforseals,andfattingthemselvesupforthewinter.”可知,北極熊通常在夏天獵獲食物.故選B.5．Whatdisasterwillhappentopolarbearsbytheendofthiscenturyaccordingtothetext？A．Globaldrowning。 B．Globaldyingout。C．Globalhunger. D．Globalroaming.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Asaresult,theworld'spolarbearscouldfaceglobaldyingoutbytheendofthiscentury。”到本世紀(jì)末,北極熊將會(huì)全球性滅絕。故選B。6．WhatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedpartinParagraph3?A．Thebearswillhavetostayhungrylonger.B．Thebearswillhavetoroamfaster。C．Thebearswillhavetostayquieteronland。D．Thebearswillhavetofaceafasterfallofitspopulation.答案A解析推理判斷題.根據(jù)第三段中“Already，theiceonthesouthernedgeofthepolarbears'habitatismeltingaboutthreeweeksearlierthaninthepast。Thelossofthosekeyweeksleavesthebearslesstimetohunt，eatandstoreupfat.”由此推知,畫線部分的意思是“北極熊將不得不在更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間里處于饑餓狀態(tài)".故選A.7．Whydopolarbearshavetoswimmoreoftenandfarther？A．Tosearchforfood.B．Tobuildupbodiestosurvive.C．Tofindplacestolandon。D．Toescapebeinghunted。答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Besides，agrowingnumberofpolarbearsmaybedrowning(溺水)astheyareforcedtoswimmoreoften，andforlongerdistances,lookingforicesheets（冰原）．”可知，北極熊為了尋找可以登陸的地方要游得越來越遠(yuǎn).故選C。Ⅱ。完形填空ItwasTom'sfirstvisittoEngland,andhewaslookingforwardtohisfirstjourneyonLondon’sUndergroundRailway.Andagainsthisfriends'8，hewasdeterminedtotravel9.Heenteredthestationshortlyafterfiveo’clockintheafternoon.Thisisa10timetotravelinLondon,11crowdsofpeoplegohomefromworkatthishour.He12tojoinalonglineofpeoplewaitingfortickets。Whenatlasthis13came，hehadsomedifficultyinmakinghimselfunderstoodbytheticketseller。14，hegottherightticketintheendandbyaskingpeoplethe15,healsofoundtherightplatform(站臺(tái)）．Itwas16tightwithpeople.Hedidnot17togetonthefirsttrain，buthewasabletomovenearertotheplatformsoastobeinabetter18togetonthenextone。Whenthistraincamein，Tomwassweptforwardontothe19bythepushofpeoplefrom20。Thedoorsclosedandthetrainmovedoff。Hewasunabletoseethe21ofthestationswherethetrain22,butheknewthatthestationhewantedwasthesixth23alongtheline。Whenthetrainreachedthesixthstation，Tomgotoff,feeling24thathisjourneyhadbeensoeasy。Buthesuddenlyrealizedthathehadcometoastationhehadnever25.Heexplainedhis26toamanwhowasstandingontheplatform.Witha27onhisface，hetoldTomthathehadcaughtatraingoingintheoppositedirection.語篇解讀本文是一