高考英語(yǔ)閱讀分類復(fù)習(xí)：文化類

新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀分類復(fù)習(xí)：文化類第1題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語(yǔ)（湖南卷）)C

Photosthatyoumighthavefounddownthebackofyoursofaarenowbigbusiness!

In,theAmericanartistRichardPrince’sphotographofaphotograph,Untitled(Cowboy),wassoldfor$1,248,000.

Princeiscertainlynottheonlycontemporaryartisttohaveworkedwithso-called“foundphotographs”—aloosetermgiventoeverythingfromdiscarded(丟棄的)printsdiscoveredinajunkshoptooldadvertisementsoramateurphotographsfromastranger’sfamilyalbum.TheGermanartistJoachimSchmid,whobelieves“basicallyeverythingisworthlookingat”,hasgathereddiscardedphotographs,postcardsandnewspaperimagessince1982.Inhison-goingproject,Archiv,hegroupsphotographsoffamilylifeaccordingtothemes:peoplewithdogs;teams;newcars;dinnerwiththefamily;andsoon.

LikeSchmid,theeditorsofseveralself-publishedartmagazinesalsochampion(捍衛(wèi))foundphotographs.Oneofthem,calledsimplyFound,wasbornonesnowynightinChicago,whenDavyRothbardreturnedtohiscartofindunderhiswiper(雨刷)anangrynoteintendedforsomeelse:“Why’syourcarHEREatHERplace?”ThenotebecamethestartingpointforRothbard’saddictivepublication,whichfeaturesfoundphotographssentinbyreaders,suchaposterdiscoveredinourdrawer.

Thewholefound-photographphenomenonhasraisedsomequestions.Perhapsoneofthemostdifficultis:cantheseimagesreallybeconsideredasart?Andifso,whoseart?Yetfoundphotographsproducedbyartists,suchRichardPrince,mayridinghishorsehurriedlytomeetsomeone?OrhowdidPrincecreatethisphotograph?It’sanyone’sguess.Inaddition,asweimaginetheback-storytothepeopleinthefoundphotographsartists,likeSchmid,havecollated(整理),wealsoturntowardourownphotographicalbums.Whyismemorysoimportanttous?Whydoweallseektofreezeintimethefacesofourchildren,ourparents,ourlovers,andourselves?Willtheymeananythingtoanyoneafterwe’vegone?64.Thefirstparagraphofthepassageisusedto_________.

A.remindreadersoffoundphotographs

B.advisereadertostartanewkindofbusiness

C.askreaderstofindphotographsbehindsofa

D.showreadersthevalueoffoundphotographs65.Accordingtothepassage,JoachimSchmid_________.

A.isfondofcollectingfamilylifephotographs

B.foundacomplainingnotunderhiscarwiper

C.isworkingforseveralself-publishedmagazines

D.wonderedattheartisticnatureoffoundphotographs66.Theunderlinedword“them”inPara4refersto__________.

A.thereadersB.theeditorsC.thefoundphotographs

D.theself-publishedmagazines67.ByaskingaseriesofquestionsinPara5,theauthormainlyintendstoindicatethat________.

A.memoryofthepastisveryimportanttopeople

B.foundphotographsallowpeopletothinkfreely

C.theback-storyoffoundphotographsispuzzling

D.therealvalueoffoundphotographsisquestionable68.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsfoundphotographscanbedescribedas_________.

A.critical

B.doubtful

C.optimistic

D.satisfied答案64.D65.A66.D67.B68.C64.解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第一段RichardPrince的一張照片拍出了很高的價(jià)錢。說(shuō)明回收的圖片還是非常值錢的。65.解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“hegroupsphotographsoffamilylifeaccordingtothemes:”可知JoachimSchmid搜集家庭照片。66.解析:這是一道指代題。根據(jù)后面的“calledsimplyFound,wasbornonesnowynightinChicago,”可知Found是一個(gè)雜志的名字,them指代的是自己發(fā)行的雜志。67.解析:這是一道推斷題。從這幾個(gè)問(wèn)題中可以發(fā)行搜集到的別人廢棄的照片帶來(lái)了很多疑問(wèn),給人很多想象的空間。68.解析:這是一道歸納題。從文中的第一句就可以看出搜集沙發(fā)后的舊照片是個(gè)大生意,說(shuō)明作者對(duì)搜集廢照片還是樂(lè)觀的。第2題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語(yǔ)（江西卷）)(C)AsaprofessoratalargeAmericanuniversity,thereisaphrasethatIhearoftenfromstudents:“I’monlya1050.”TheunluckystudentsarespeakingofthescoreontheScholasticAptitudeTest(SAT),whichisusedtodeterminewhethertheywillbeadmittedtothecollegeoruniversityoftheirchoice,orevenhaveachancetogetahighereducationatall.

TheSATscore,whetheritis800,1100or1550,hasbecomesthefocusatthistimeoftheirlife.Itisobviousthatifstudentsvaluehighlytheirtestscores,thenagreatamountoftheirself-respectisputinthenumber.

Studentswhoperformpoorlyontheexamareleftfeelingthatitisallover.Thelowtestscore,theythink,willmakeitimpossibleforthemtogetintoagoodcollege.Andwithoutadegreefromaprestigiousuniversity,theyfearthatmanyoflife’sdoorswillremainforeverclosed.Accordingtoastudydoneinthe1990s,theSATisonlyareliableindicatorofastudent’sfutureperformanceinmostcases.

Interestingly,itbecomesmuchmoreaccuratewhenitissettogetherwithotherindicators——likeastudent’shighschoolgrades.EvenifstandardizedtestsliketheSATcouldshowastudent’sacademicproficiency（學(xué)業(yè)水平）,theywillneverbeabletotestthingslikeconfidence,effortsandwillpower,andareunabletogiveusthefullpictureofastudent’spotentialities（潛力）.ThisisnottosuggestthatweshouldstopusingSATscoresinourcollegeadmissionprocess.

TheSATisanexcellenttestinmanyways,andthescoreisstillausefulmeansoftestingstudents.

However,itshouldbeonlyoneofmanymethodsused.64.ThepurposeoftheSATistoteststudents’

.A.strongwill

B.academicabilityC.fullpotentialities

D.confidenceinschoolwork65.Students’self-respectisinfluencedbytheir

.A.scoresintheSAT

B.achievementsinmathematicC.jobopportunities

D.moneyspentoneducation66.“Aprestigiousuniversity”ismostprobably

A.afamousuniversity

B.atechnicaluniversityC.atraditionaluniversity

D.anexpensiveuniversity67.Thispassageismainlyabout

.A.howtopreparefortheSAT

B.stresscausedbytheSATC.Americanhighereducation

D.theSATanditseffects答案64.B65.A66.A67.D64.解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“whichisusedtodeterminewhethertheywillbeadmittedtothecollegeoruniversityoftheirchoice,oreveniftheyhaveachancetogetahighereducationatall”可判斷出SAT測(cè)試的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力。65.解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itisobviousthatifstudentsvaluehighlytheirtestscores,thenagreatamountoftheirself-respectisputinthenumber.”可判斷出SAT的分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)學(xué)生的自尊心造成了影響。66.解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“theyfearthatmanyoflife’sdoorswillremainforeverclosed”可推斷出aprestigiousuniversity是一所著名的大學(xué)，因?yàn)槿绻谥拇髮W(xué)畢業(yè)，就會(huì)找到好的工作，否則將會(huì)使生活的大門永遠(yuǎn)關(guān)閉。67.解析：這是一道主旨題。這篇短文講述了SAT的測(cè)試，而這種測(cè)試對(duì)學(xué)生的一生造成了極大的影響，所以這篇短文主要是關(guān)于SAT和它的影響。第3題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語(yǔ)（重慶卷）)E

Throughoutthehistoryofthearts，thenatureofcreativityhasremainedconstanttoartists.Nomatterwhatobjectstheyselect，artistsaretobringforthnewforcesandformsthatcausechange—tofindpoetrywherenoonehaseverseenorexperienceditbefore.

Landscape（風(fēng)景）isanotherunchangingelementofart.Itcanbefoundfromancienttimesthroughthe17th-centuryDutchpainterstothe19th-centuryromanticistsandimpressionists.Inthe1970sAlfredLeslie，oneofthenewAmericanrealists，continuedthispractice，LesliesoughtoutthesameplacewhereThomasCole,aromanticist,hadproducedpaintingsofthesamesceneacenturyandahalfbefore.UnlikeColewhoinsistsonafeelingoflonelinessandtheideaoffindingpeaceinnature，Ledgepainswhatheactuallysees.Inhispaintings，thereisnoparticularchangeinmotion，andheincludesordinarythingslikethehighwayinthebackground.Healsotakesadvantageofthelatestdevelopmentsofcolorphotography（攝影術(shù)）tohelpboththeeyeandthememorywhenheimproveshispaintingbackinhisworkroom.

Besides，allartbegstheage-oldquestion：Whatisreal？Eachgenerationofartistshasshowntheirunderstandingofrealityinoneformoranother.Theimpressionistssawrealityinbriefemotionaleffects，therealistsineverydaysubjectsandinforestscenes，andtheCro-Magnoncavepeopleintheirnaturalisticdrawingsoftheanimalsintheancientforests.Tosumup.understandingrealityisanecessarystruggleforArtistsofallperiods.

Overthousandsofyearsthefunctionoftheartshasremainedrelativelyconstant.Pastorpresent，EasternorWestern，theartsareabasicpartofourimmediateexperience.Manyanddifferentarethefacesofart，andtogethertheyexpressthebasicneedandhopeofhumanbeings.71.Theunderlinedword“poetry”mostprobablymeans______________.A.anobjectforartisticcreation

B.acollectionofpoemsC.anunusualquality

D.anaturalscene72.Leslie’spaintingsareextraordinarybecause______________.A.theyarecloseinstyletoworksinancienttimesB.theylooklikeworksby19th-cenarypaintersC.theydrawattentiontocommonthingsinlifeD.theydependheavilyoncolorphotography73.Whatistheauthor’sopinionofartisticreally？______________.A.Itwillnotbefoundinfutureworksofart.B.Itdoesnothavealong-lastingstandard.C.Itisexpressedinafixedartisticform.D.Itislackinginmodernworksofart.74.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestabouttheartsinthelastparagraph？A.Theyexpresspeople’scuriosityaboutthepast.B.Theymakepeopleinterestedineverydayexperience.C.Theyareconsideredimportantforvarietyinform.D.Theyareregardedasamirrorofthehumansituation.75.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage？A.Historyofthearts.

B.Basicquestionsofthearts.C.Newdevelopmentsinthearts.

D.Useofmoderntechnologyinthearts.答案71.C72.C73.B74.D75.B71.解析:這是一道詞義猜測(cè)題。從第一段“tofindpoetrywherenoonehaseverseenorexperienceditbefore”可知藝術(shù)家力圖創(chuàng)造一種從來(lái)沒(méi)人看到或者經(jīng)歷過(guò)的意境。既然是沒(méi)有人看到過(guò)或者經(jīng)歷過(guò),那么應(yīng)該是一種不平常的東西。72.解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Inhispaintings,thereisnoparticularchangeinemotion,andheincludesordinarythingslikethehighwayinthebackground.”可以推斷出Leslie的畫表現(xiàn)的都是平時(shí)常見(jiàn)的事物。73.解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Eachgenerationsofartistshasshowntheirunderstandingofrealityinoneformoranother.”可以推斷出每一代藝術(shù)家對(duì)于現(xiàn)實(shí)的理解和表現(xiàn)都是不同的,也就是沒(méi)有一個(gè)永恒的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。74.解析:這是一道歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段“Manyanddifferentarethefacesofart,andtogethertheyexpressthebasicneedandhopeofhumanbeings.”可知雖然藝術(shù)的表現(xiàn)形式不同,但都是表達(dá)了人民的需要和希望。也就是說(shuō)藝術(shù)反映了當(dāng)時(shí)人的生存狀態(tài)。75.解析:這是一道主旨題。本文通過(guò)對(duì)于不同時(shí)期藝術(shù)家的比較,作者分析了藝術(shù)的一個(gè)共同問(wèn)題:“什么是真實(shí)”,結(jié)論是雖然不同時(shí)期和地域藝術(shù)的表現(xiàn)形式不同,但都反映了當(dāng)時(shí)人的生存狀態(tài)。第4題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語(yǔ)上海卷)Directions:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA—Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.A.Newteachers’opinionsofinvolvingparentsB.AnargumentoveranassignmentC.AconflictbetweenassumptionandrealityD.DifficultiesinsharinggoalsE.ThebestwaytoscorehighF.Properwaysofparentalinvolvement

80.

AnIowahighschoolcounselorgetsacallfromaparentprotestingthe“C”herchildreceivedonanassignment.“Theparentarguedeverypointintheessay,”recallsthecounselor,whosoonrealizedwhythemotherwassodisappointedaboutmegrade.“Itbecameapparentthatshe’dwrittenit.”81.Inasurvey,90%ofnewteachersagreedthatinvolvingparentsintheirchildren’seducationisapriorityattheirschool,butonly25％describedtheirexperienceworkingwithparentsas“verysatisfying.”Whenaskedtochoosemebiggestchallengetheyface,31％ofthemquotedinvolvingparentsandcommunicatingwiththemastheirtopchoice.73％of

newteachers

saidtoomanyparentstreatschoolsandteachersasenemies.82.Atatimewhencompetitionisrisingandresourcesarelimited,whenbattlesovertestingforceschoolstoadjusttheirpriorities,whencellphonesande-mailspeeduptheinformationflowandallkindsofprivateghostsandpublicquarrelsslipintotheparent-teacherconference,it’sharderforbothsidestostepbackandbreathedeeplyandlookatthegoalstheyshare.83

Everyonesaystheparent-teacherconferenceshouldbepleasant,civilized,akindofdialoguewhereparentsandteachersbuildpartnership.Butwhatmostteachersfeel,andcertainlywhatallparentsfeel,isanxietyandpanic.84.Whenateacherasksparentstobepartners,heorshedoesn'tnecessarilymeanMomorDadshouldbecampingintheclassroom.Researchshowsthatthoughstudentsbenefitmodestlyfromhavingparentsinvolvedatschool,whathappensathomemattersmuchmore.AccordingtoresearchbasedontheNationalEducationLongitudinalStudy,asampleofnearly25,000eighthgraders,amongfourmainareasofparentalinvolvement(homediscussion,homesupervision.schoolcommunication,andschoolparticipation),homediscussionwasthemoststronglyrelated答案80.B81.A82.D83.C84.F第5題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語(yǔ)湖北卷)

Haveyoueverreceivedagiftthatwassoclearlynotyourtastethatyouwonderedifperhapsithadbeenhandedtoyoubymistake?Worse,haveyouevergivenapresentandwatchedyourfriendlookasthoughshehadopenedthewrongbox?Maybesherespondedwithapolite"Why,thankyou,"butyouknewyouhadmissedthemark.Whydopresentssometimesgowrong?Andwhatdoyourchoices(goodandbad)reflectaboutyourpersonalqualities?

Choosingtherightgiftisanart,Ibelieve.Itcallsforempathy—theabilitytoputyourselfintosomeoneelse'sheadandheart.We'reallabletodothis;infact,we'rebornwithakindofnaturalempathy.Aftertheearliestperiodofchildhood,however,itneedstobereinforced(加強(qiáng))—byourparents,teachers,friends.Whenitisn't,we'renotabletounderstandotherpeople'sfeelingsassharply.Thiscanshowinthegiftsweselect,andsocanmanyotheremotional(情感的)qualities.

Thinkbacktothepresentsyou’vegivenoverthepastyear,thetimeandeffortyouputintoyourselection,howmuchyouspent,yourthoughtswhileyouwereshopping,andyourfeelingswhenthereceiveropenedthepackage.Keepinmindthatwhatyouchoosedisplaysyourinnerworld.Ofcourse,youmayexpressyourselfdifferentlywithdifferentfriends,relatives,andotherpeopleyouknow.

Weliveinasocietywhereexchangingpresentsisanimportantpartofcommunication.Ignoringthetraditionwon'tmakeitgoaway.Ifyoureallydislikesuchatradition,tellyourfriendsaheadoftime.60.

Theunderlinedexpression"youhadmissedthemark"means"youhadfailedto_____'.

A.makeherfeelbetter

B.keepyourfriendship

C.receiveapresentinreturn

D.gettheexpectedeffect61.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

A.Naturalempathyneedstobereinforced.

B.Emotionalchangesinfluenceone'schoiceofgifts.

C.Selectingtherightgiftisanabilitypeoplearebornwith.

D.Choosinggiftsrequiresonetounderstandthereceivers.62.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthortellsusthat________..

A.attentionshouldbepaidtothereceivers'responses

B.onelearnsfromwhathedidinthepast

C.thechoiceofgiftsreflectsone'semotionalqualities

D.oneshouldspendmoretimechoosinggifts

63.Thebestpossibletitleforthispassageis“_______”.

A.WaysofChoosingGifts

B.AnImportantTradition

C.ExchangingPresents

D.MessageinaGift答案60.D

61.D

62.C

63.D60．解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推測(cè)題?！皔ouhadmissedthemark”著重點(diǎn)是分析“mark”表示的含義。送別人禮物是希望別人高興，因此mark最可能的意思是別人高興的表情。這個(gè)高興的表情就是送禮者所期望的效果，送錯(cuò)了禮物，就沒(méi)有這個(gè)期望的效果了，因此選D。

61．解析：這是一道歸納段意題。第二段開(kāi)頭“Choosingtherightgiftisanart,Ibelieve.Itcallsforempathy”是本段的中心句，意思是，“給別人挑選禮物是一門藝術(shù)，它叫做感情移入?！焙竺孢€講到，如果沒(méi)有這種能力，“we’renotabletounderstandotherpeople’sfeelings”即我們就不能了解別人的感受。因此這段話的主要意思是“挑選禮物需要了解別人”。62．解析：這是一道推斷題。從第三段Keepinmindthatwhatyouchoosedisplaysyourinnerworld.可知，“緊記你挑選的禮物反映你的內(nèi)心世界”。作者的意思是，禮物能反映你情感的深淺。因此C正確。63．解析：這是一道主旨題。從本文來(lái)講，不管是接受、送出，還是挑選禮物，禮物本身都包含了一定的信息，這個(gè)信息從送出者傳遞到接受者。只有了解禮物接受者的喜好，才能挑選出合適的禮物。因此，主旨是禮物包含的信息。第6題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語(yǔ)北京卷)

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments－mostlyforentertainmentpurposes－isfairandrespectful?

Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats(棲息地).Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

Zoosclaim(聲稱)toeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies(物種),butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange(分布區(qū)).Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.

Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.

Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreeding(圈養(yǎng)繁殖)ofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedntheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?

Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.64.Howwouldtheauthordescribetheanimals’lifeinzoos?A.Dangerous.B.Unhappy.C.Natural.D.Easy.65.Inthestateofzoochosis,animals_________.A.remainincagesB.behavestrangelyC.attackotheranimalsD.enjoymovingaround66.Whatdoestheauthortrytoarguenthepassage?A.Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.B.Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.C.Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.D.Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.67.Theauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby_____.A.pointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdoB.usingevidencehehascollectedatzoosC.questioningthewayanimalsareprotectedD.discussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitats68.Althoughhearguesagainstzoos,theauthorwouldstillagreethat_______.A.zooshavetokeepanimalsinsmallcagesB.mostanimalsinzoosareendangeredspeciesC.someendangeredanimalsarereproducedinzoosD.it’sacceptabletokeepanimalsawayfromtheirhabitats答案64.B

65.B

66.A

67.A

68.C解析：64.這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。第四段“Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebar，andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth，asignofunhappinessandpain.”說(shuō)明在動(dòng)物園的動(dòng)物不幸福。65.這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)上文中的unusual和self－destructive可推斷出動(dòng)物在動(dòng)物園飼養(yǎng)的情況下行為不正常。66.這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一句話“Insteadofsupportingzoos，weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.”可判斷出作者不贊成公眾支持動(dòng)物園。67.這是一道主旨題。作者在這篇短文中主要指出了動(dòng)物園的各種弊端，來(lái)說(shuō)服讀者接受他的觀點(diǎn)。68.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可判斷出作者雖然反對(duì)動(dòng)物園，但他仍然同意動(dòng)物園不得不把動(dòng)物保持在很小的空間內(nèi)。第7題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語(yǔ)北京卷)LanguageasaSystemofSymbols

Ofallsystemsofsymbols(符號(hào)),languageisthemosthighlydeveloped.Ithasbeenpointedoutthathumanbeings,byagreement,canmakeanythingstandforanything.Humanbeingshaveagreed,inthecourseofcenturiesofmutual(相互的)dependency,toletthevariousnoisesthattheycanproducewiththeirlungs,throats,tongues,teeth,andlipssystematicallystandforcertainhappeningsintheirnervoussystems.Wecallthatsystemofagreementslanguage.

Thereisnonecessaryconnectionbetweenthesymbolandthatwhichitstandsfor.Justassocialpositionscanbesymbolizedbyfeatherswornonthehead,bygoldonthewatchchain,orbyathousandotherthingsaccordingtotheculturewelivein,sothefactofbeinghungrycanbesymbolizedbyathousanddifferentnoisesaccordingtotheculturewelivein.

Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.Symbolsandthethingstheystandforareindependentofeachother,yetweallhaveawayoffeelingasif,andsometimesactingasif,therewerenecessaryconnections.Forexample,therearepeoplewhofeelthatforeignlanguagesareunreasonablebynature;foreignershavesuchfunnynamesforthings,andwhycan’ttheycallthingsbytheirrightnames?ThisfeelingexhibitsitselfmoststronglyinthoseEnglishandAmericantouristswhoseemtobelievethattheycanmakethenativesofanycountryunderstandEnglishiftheyshoutloudenough.Likethelittleboywhoisreportedtohavesaid:“Pigsarecalledpigsbecausetheyaresuchdirtyanimals,”theyfeelthatthesymbolisinherently(內(nèi)在地)connectedinsomewaywiththethingssymbolized.69.Languageisahighlydevelopedsystemofsymbolsbecausehumanbeings______.A.havemadeuseoflanguageforcenturiesB.useournervoussystemstosupportlanguageC.havemadevariousnoisesstandforanyeventsD.canmakeanythingstandforanythingbyagreement70.WhatcanweconcludefromParagraph2?A.Differentnoisesmaymeandifferentthings.B.Ourculturedetermineswhatasymbolstandsfor.C.Thelanguageweusesymbolizesoursocialpositions.D.Oursocialpositionsdeterminethewaywearedressed.71.InParagraph3,“takespecialpains”probablymeans“_____”.A.tryveryhardB.takeourtimeC.areveryunhappyD.feelespeciallypainful72.Theexampleofthelittleboyisusedtoshowthat_____.A.adultsoftenlearnfromtheiryoungB.“pig”isadirtywordbecausepigsaredirtyC.wordsarenotconnectedwiththethingstheystandforD.peoplesometimeshavewrongideasabouthowlanguageworks答案69.D

70.B

71.A

72.D解析：69.這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ithasbeenpointedoutthathumanbeings，byagreement，canmakeanythingstandforanything.”可推斷出人們發(fā)出的各種噪音代表著任何一種活動(dòng)。70.這是一道主旨題。第二段“sothefactofbeinghungrycanbesymbolizedbyathousanddifferentnoisesaccordingtotheculturewelivein”可知，我們的文化決定了某一種系統(tǒng)代表著什么。71.這是一道猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)上文中“theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexcept”可猜測(cè)出takespecialpains的意思是“努力嘗試”。72.這是一道主旨題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者舉小孩的例子說(shuō)明人們有時(shí)對(duì)語(yǔ)言的作用產(chǎn)生誤解。第8題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語(yǔ)天津卷)

Everyone’satit,evenmyneighbors.IthoughtImightbetheonlypersonleftintheworldwhohadn'tdoneaneBaydeal.So,Idecidedtotrymyhandatonlineauction(網(wǎng)上拍賣).

Buyingforbeginners:Signuponwww.ebay.co.uk.Mostitems(e.g.tables,computers,andbooks)readyforauctionwillcomewithapictureandashortdescription;othersmaybemarkedwith"BuyItNow"andhaveafixedprice.Youcanbuytheserightaway.

Iftheitemisbeingauctioned,youofferthehighestpriceyouarepreparedtopayandeBaybids(出價(jià))foryou.Thebidwillbeincreasedlittlebylittleuntilitgoesbeyondyourhighestbid,thenyouareemailedandaskedifyouwouldliketobidagain.Auctionslastupto10daysandwhentheyfinishyougetanemailtellingyouwhetheryouhavewontheitem.

Howtopay:Sellersdecidehowtheywouldliketobepaidandyouneedtocheckthisbeforeplacingabidasyoumightnotwanttopostachequeorpostalorders.TheeasiestwayisthroughPayPal,anonlinepaymentsystemthattakesthemoneyawayfromyourcreditcard(信用卡).

Sellingmadesimple:IfyouplantoselloneBay,ithelpstoincludeapictureoftheitem.Ifollowedmyfriends'adviceandputuptheitemsIwantedtosellfora10-dayauction,starringonaThursday.Thiswaybuyershadtwoweekendstobid.

Thebigthingsinlife:It'seasytopostasmallitem,butfurnitureisabigpartofeBayandthishastobecollectedorsentbydeliverymen.Cheekthewaysofdeliverybeforeyoubid.36.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howtomakepaymentonline.B.Waysofmakingdeliveryonline

C.Advantagesofanonline-auctionsystem.D.Howtouseanonline-auctionsystem.37.Afterbiddingforanitem,abuyer

.

A.willgetwhathewantsintendaysB.shouldmakepaymentimmediately

C.haschancestomakehigherbidsD.maycheckitspictureanddescription38.Theeasiestwayofmakingpaymentmentionedinthepassageis

.

A.throughanonlinepaymentsystemB.throughalocalbankingsystem

C.bysendingthemoneytothesellerD.bypayingthedeliverymandirectly答案36.D37.C38.A36.解析：這是一道主旨題。這篇短文主要講述了如何進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上拍賣。37.解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thebidwillbeincreasedlittlebylittleuntilitgoesbeyondyourhighestbid，thenyouareemailedandaskedifyouwouldliketobidagain.”可判斷出當(dāng)出價(jià)后，買者有機(jī)會(huì)再出高價(jià)。38.解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。從Howtopay中的“TheeasiestwayisthroughPayPal，anonlinepaymentsystemthattakesthemoneyawayfromyourcreditcard.”可知，在網(wǎng)上付款最方便的方法是通過(guò)網(wǎng)上付款系統(tǒng)。第9題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語(yǔ)上海卷)Directions:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.A.

GoodsforauctionsalesB.

DefinitionofbiddingC.

WaytosellmoregoodsbyauctionD.

AuctionsalesinhistoryE.

BriefintroductiontoauctionsF.

Makingalargerprofitasanauctioneer80.

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heasksthecrowdassembledintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”,forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerstrikesasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.81.

TheancientRomanprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinauctio,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythegoodstakeninwar.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,goodswereoftensold“bythecandle”:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer,andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.82.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,skins,wool,tea,furs,silkandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty.Furniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.83.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbypotentialbuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,catalogues