外研版必修三module5Grammar課件

定語從句TheAttributiveClause定語從句TheAttributiveClause1.定義：又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用。2.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞3.關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞Who,whom,whose,which,thatWhen,where,why在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語在定語從句中作狀語1.定義：又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，起定語Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.句子主干：定語從句：先行詞：關(guān)系代詞：Adictionaryisabook.whichgivesthemeaningofwords.bookwhichAdictionaryisabookwhichg4.分類：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，使先行詞區(qū)別于同類其他事物；主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這種從句不影響主句意思完整.一般用逗號把主句和從句分開引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作賓語時一些關(guān)系代詞可以省略引導(dǎo)詞：as,who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that或why,不能省略4.分類：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句是限制性定語從句舉例：1.TheteachertoldmethatTom

wastheonlypersonthatIcould

dependon.

2.Chinaisacountrythathasa

longhistory.

3.InthestreetIsawamanwho

wasfromAfrica.

限制性定語從句舉例：非限制性定語從句舉例：1.Hismother,wholoveshimvery

much,isstrictwithhim.

2.China,whichwasfoundedin

1949,isbecomingmoreand

morepowerful.

3.LastsummerIvisitedthe

People’sGreatHall,inwhich

manyimportantmeetingsare

heldeveryyear.

非限制性定語從句舉例：1.

Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

2.

Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.

Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.

（她還有其他哥哥。）（她只有一個哥哥。）（帶插圖的書寫得好。）（所有的書都寫的很好。所有的書都帶插圖）1.

Herbrotherwhoisnowas指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略that人；物主語,賓語作賓語可省which物主語,賓語作賓語可省who人主語,賓語作賓語可省whom人賓語可省whose(人/物)的定語不可省關(guān)系代詞的用法指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略that人；物主語,賓語作賓語可省1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.ThemanwhoIsawiscalledTom.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）Thebo3.whose

在定語從句中作定語，與后面的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。

whose多指人，也可指物，指物時可與

ofwhich互換使用。1.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoveris

blue?

=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhich

isblue?

=Doyoulikethebookofwhichthecover

isblue?3.whose在定語從句中作定語，與后面的名詞為所屬關(guān)系Doyouknowthegirlwhose

hairisveryshortinourclass?Doyouknowthegirl?Herhairisveryshortinourclass.Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday.Heisthestudentwhose

pencilIbrokeyesterday.DoyouknowthegirlwhosehaiWefoundahouseofwhichtheroofhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahousetheroofofwhichhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahousewhoseroofhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahouseofwhichthe4．which

指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷浴?.Footballisagamewhichislikedby

mostboys.

2.Helikestoreadbookswhichare

writtenbyforeignwriters.

3.Thisisthepen(which)hebought

yesterday.

4.Thefilm(which)theywenttosee

lastnightwasnotinterestingatall.

4．which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時常可5.that

指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。1.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsaw

thismorning?

2.Thepersonthat/whomyou

introducedtomeisverykind.

3.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafter

springissummer.

4.YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/

whichcamefromAustralia.

5.that指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用that而不用which。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?

Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.

(1)限制性定語從句中先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,some等不定代詞指物時。(something用that或which均可)(2)Therebe

句型中用that。There

is

a

book

on

the

desk

that

belongs

to

Tom.that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列Thisisthefirst

book(that)hehasread.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thisisthefirsttime

(that)IaminBeijing.(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾(4)當主句是who/which做主語的疑問句時

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?Who

thatbrokethewindowwillbe

punished.WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Thisisthefirstbook(that)(5)當先行詞既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings

thattheyrememberedatschool.Lookatthemanandhisdonkey

thatarewalkingupthestreet.I’vereadallthebooksthat

arenotmine.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(6)先行詞被all,every,no,some,few,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thelast,just,right等修飾。(5)當先行詞既有人又有物。I’vereadallth(1)緊跟介詞作賓語Thosearemanytreesunder

whichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定語從句中

Football,

whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.Thetree,whichis400yearsold,isveryfamoushere.在下列情況下,一般用which而不用that。(1)緊跟介詞作賓語在下列情況下,一般用which而不用tas和which

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后；

as引導(dǎo)的從句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。which既可代指先行詞，又可代指整個主句的內(nèi)容。相當于“andthis”或“andthat”.譯為“這一點”。

as只能代指整個主句的內(nèi)容。常帶有“正如”之意，且已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)。

asisknown,asisreported,asissaid,

asisexpected,asweknow,etc.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別which引導(dǎo)1.Einstein,asisknown,isafamous

scientist.2.Asisreported,Chinahasbecome

animportantcountryintheworld.3.TaiwanbelongstoChina,asis

knowntoall.4.Bambooishollow,whichmakesit

verylight.5.Mysonnowgoestotheschool,

whichIusedgotowhenIwasachild.6.Hedidn’tcometoattendthemeeting,

asisexpected.1.Einstein,asisknown,isa3.as在從句中作主語，從句中的謂語必須

是系動詞；而which則不一定。

Heisverystrict,asisshowninhis

work.Themanisverylearned,asis

describedinthebook.4.先行詞前有thesame,such限定時，關(guān)

系詞只能用as.Ihavethesameopinionasyou(have).Don’treadsuchbooksasarebeyond

yourability.3.as在從句中作主語，從句中的謂語必須

是系動詞5.當從句和主句語義一致時，用as,反之用whichShemarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.當先行詞受thesame修飾時，有時也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。

Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.

SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.

5.當從句和主句語義一致時，用as,反之用which當先行關(guān)系副詞的用法指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略when時間狀語否where地點狀語否why原因狀語否關(guān)系副詞的用法指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略when時間狀語否wI’llneverforgettheday

when

Ijoinedtheleague.onwhichI’llneverforgetthetimewhich/thatwasspentwithyou.when

在定語從句中作時間狀語，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞。相當于介詞(at/in/during/on)+which若定語從句缺主語或賓語，需用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhichThelibrary(which/that)youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.where在定語從句中作地點狀語，先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞。相當于

“介詞(in/at/on/under…)+which”。若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。ThisisthehousewhereIlivewhere

引導(dǎo)的定語從句也可以修飾case,condition,situation,instance,等先行詞。Therearecases

wherethisruledoesnotholdgood.Canyouthinkofasituation

wherethiswordcanbeused?where引導(dǎo)的定語從句也可以修飾case,conditDoyouknowthereasonwhyshewas

late.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.

why在定語從句中作原因狀語，常位于reason之后，相當于for

which。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshethereasonwhy…isthat…

……的原因是……他辭職的原因是他和老板吵架了。Thereasonwhyheresignedwasthathequarreledwithhisboss.Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.thereasonwhy…isthat…

……的原在thereasonwhy…結(jié)構(gòu)中，why引導(dǎo)定語從句，它也可以換為forwhich或者省略。在從句中作原因狀語。如果關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞reason在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等時，則用that或which。Icanacceptthereason(that/which)hegives.Hegaveareasonthat/whichsurprisedme.3.the

reasonisthat…結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用that

引導(dǎo)表語從句，不要受漢語的影響，誤用

because。在thereasonwhy…結(jié)構(gòu)中，why引導(dǎo)定語從(1)看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配Thisisthebook___whichyouasked.Iknowthemantowhomhespokejustnow.forTheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.6.在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句中如何判斷介詞注意:動詞短語不能拆開即介詞不提前(1)看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配Thisisthe(2)看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配。

Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.HegivesalectureofwhichIamtired.(3)根據(jù)先行詞判斷,所用的介詞與先行詞搭配。

Thisisourclassroom,____________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.Thereisatableintheroomon/under

whichisacat.withinthefrontof(2)看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配。

Hereferr(4)看介詞與賓語的搭配，看先行詞前需要什么介詞。Thisisthehouseinwhichtheoldladyoncelived.Wewenttothestationatwhichwemetlasttime.(5)將定語從句還原，也就是將引導(dǎo)詞換成先行詞來判斷介詞。HementionedabookofwhichthetitleIcan’tremember.Hestoodnearthewindowthroughwhichhecouldseethesmallriver.(4)看介詞與賓語的搭配，看先行詞前需要什么介詞。This321.Thisisthecar__whichIboughtlastyear.2.Thisisthecar____whichIpaid100$.3.Thisisthecar____whichIspent100$.4.Thisisthecar____whichIgotoworkeveryday.5.Thisisthecar_________whichIcan’tgotowork./foronbywithoutCompletethefollowingsetences1.Thisisthecar__whichIbo33byataboutof6.Thisisthecar____whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown7.Thisisthecar____whichaboythrewastone.8.Thisisthecar_________whichwetalked.9.Thisisthecar____whichthewindowwasbroken.byataboutof6.Thisisthecar34【例1】

Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,______hasagreateffectonmylife.

［1994·上海］

A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who【解析】本題的第一個空格處應(yīng)填入表示時間的關(guān)系副詞when，在從句中作狀語。答案：B。

【例1】【解析】【例2】

CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,____personallyIdoubtverymuch.［1999全國］A.itB.thatC.whenD.which【解析】“我個人所懷疑的”是“到十月份這工作能否被完成”，而不是“十月份”，由此判定非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是October,而是前面整個主句的內(nèi)容。答案：D?！纠?】

Carolsaidtheworkwou【例3】Johnsaidhe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,______wastrue.

［2001·春］

A.heB.thisC.whichD.who【解析】“John說他在辦公室工作一個小時了，這件事情是真的”所以要用關(guān)系代詞which指代這件事情并引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。答案：C?！纠?】【解析】【例4】Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而用which.it和he都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通?！纠?】答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而【例5】Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通?！纠?】答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，【例6】TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear‘spartywasagreatsuccess.（2004年全國卷23題）

A.forwhich B.atwhich

C.inwhich D.onwhich本句屬于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句這一情況。通過拆分我們可以得MystudentsactedintheEnglishplayattheNewYear‘sparty.,所以答案為C?！纠?】本句屬于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句這一情況。通過【例7】______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.（2004年北京卷34題）A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What【例8】Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(2004年湖南卷23題)A.howB.whichC.whereD.that【例7】例9.Isthismuseum___youvisiteda

fewdaysago.

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.在該句中，主句中所缺部分為表語，從句中缺少賓語。只有theone既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，相當于：theonethat所以應(yīng)選D。例9.Isthismuseum___youvisIsthisthemuseum____theexhibition

washeld.

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich D.theone變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?/p>

Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.主句中,主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因inthemuseum詞組，可用介詞in+which引導(dǎo)地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on用的不對，所以選A。Isthisthemuseum____the例10.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,____thesailingtimewas226days.(04NMET)A.ofwhich B.duringwhich

C.Fromwhich D.forwhichA關(guān)系代詞which指代thejourney,定語從句恢復(fù)為獨立句子應(yīng)該是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.例10.A關(guān)系代詞which指代thejourney1.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighly

ofherroleintheplay,

,ofcourse,

madethe

othersunhappy.

A.which B.who C.his D.what

2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshe

returnedtothesmalltown

he

grewupasachild.

A.which B.when C.that D.where

3.Thegentleman

youtoldme

yesterdayprovedtobeathief.

A.who B.aboutwhomC.whom D.withwhom1.Dorothywasalwaysspeaking4.Pleasetakeanyseat

isfree.

A.which B.whereC.inwhich D.that

5.Theoldmanhastwosons,

isa

soldier.

A.oneofwhom B.bothofthemC.allofwhom D.noneofthem

6.Thisistheship

wecrossedthe

Pacific(太平洋).

A.bywhich B.bythatC.where D.inwhich4.Pleasetakeanyseat

7.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-

scrapers(摩天大樓),

hasmore

than100storeys.

A.thehigherofthemB.thehighestofwhichC.thehighestofthemD.someofwhich8.Myhomevillageisnolongerthe

same

itusedtobe.

A.which B.as C.where D.when7.NewYorkisfamousforits9.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetime

untilafter5:30p.m.,

manypeople

havegonehome.

A.whosetime

B.that

C.atwhich

D.bywhichtime

10.Theboy

compositionwonthe

firstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.

A.who B.whoseC.that D.which

11.Theweatherturnedouttobevery

good,

wasmorethanwecould

expect.

A.whatB.which

C.that

D.it9.IntheofficeIneverseem12.Mr.Wangisaboss,

factoryLi

Pingworked.

A.inwhose

B.whoseC.inwhom

D.ofwhich

13.Idon'tliketheway

youspeakto

her.

A./

B.thatC.inwhichD.AllA,B,C

14.Ishallneverforgettheyears____I

livedinthecountrywiththefarmers,

___hasagoodeffectonmylife.

A.that,which

B.when,whichC.which,that

D.when,who12.Mr.Wangisaboss,

15.___

isknowntoall,Chinawillbean

advancedandpowerfulcountryin

20or30year’stime.

A.WhatB.ThatC.AsD.It

16.Isthisbook___

youwanttoborrow

fromthelibrary?

A.that

B.whichC.theoneD./

17.Suchabook___

youshowedmeis

difficulttounderstand.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.like15.___

isknowntoall,China18.Thespeakerspokeofsomewriters

andsomebooks___werepopular

then.

A./

B.thatC.whichD.who

19.Thisisthestore

wevisitedthe

famousshopassistants.

A.whereB.thereC.that

D.which

20.I’mgoingtospendmyholidayin

Beijing,

livemyoldparents.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.there18.Thespeakerspokeofsome定語從句TheAttributiveClause定語從句TheAttributiveClause1.定義：又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用。2.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞3.關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞Who,whom,whose,which,thatWhen,where,why在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語在定語從句中作狀語1.定義：又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，起定語Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.句子主干：定語從句：先行詞：關(guān)系代詞：Adictionaryisabook.whichgivesthemeaningofwords.bookwhichAdictionaryisabookwhichg4.分類：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，使先行詞區(qū)別于同類其他事物；主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這種從句不影響主句意思完整.一般用逗號把主句和從句分開引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作賓語時一些關(guān)系代詞可以省略引導(dǎo)詞：as,who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that或why,不能省略4.分類：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句是限制性定語從句舉例：1.TheteachertoldmethatTom

wastheonlypersonthatIcould

dependon.

2.Chinaisacountrythathasa

longhistory.

3.InthestreetIsawamanwho

wasfromAfrica.

限制性定語從句舉例：非限制性定語從句舉例：1.Hismother,wholoveshimvery

much,isstrictwithhim.

2.China,whichwasfoundedin

1949,isbecomingmoreand

morepowerful.

3.LastsummerIvisitedthe

People’sGreatHall,inwhich

manyimportantmeetingsare

heldeveryyear.

非限制性定語從句舉例：1.

Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

2.

Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.

Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.

（她還有其他哥哥。）（她只有一個哥哥。）（帶插圖的書寫得好。）（所有的書都寫的很好。所有的書都帶插圖）1.

Herbrotherwhoisnowas指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略that人；物主語,賓語作賓語可省which物主語,賓語作賓語可省who人主語,賓語作賓語可省whom人賓語可省whose(人/物)的定語不可省關(guān)系代詞的用法指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略that人；物主語,賓語作賓語可省1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.ThemanwhoIsawiscalledTom.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）Thebo3.whose

在定語從句中作定語，與后面的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。

whose多指人，也可指物，指物時可與

ofwhich互換使用。1.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoveris

blue?

=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhich

isblue?

=Doyoulikethebookofwhichthecover

isblue?3.whose在定語從句中作定語，與后面的名詞為所屬關(guān)系Doyouknowthegirlwhose

hairisveryshortinourclass?Doyouknowthegirl?Herhairisveryshortinourclass.Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday.Heisthestudentwhose

pencilIbrokeyesterday.DoyouknowthegirlwhosehaiWefoundahouseofwhichtheroofhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahousetheroofofwhichhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahousewhoseroofhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahouseofwhichthe4．which

指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷?。1.Footballisagamewhichislikedby

mostboys.

2.Helikestoreadbookswhichare

writtenbyforeignwriters.

3.Thisisthepen(which)hebought

yesterday.

4.Thefilm(which)theywenttosee

lastnightwasnotinterestingatall.

4．which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？?.that

指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷浴?.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsaw

thismorning?

2.Thepersonthat/whomyou

introducedtomeisverykind.

3.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafter

springissummer.

4.YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/

whichcamefromAustralia.

5.that指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用that而不用which。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?

Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.

(1)限制性定語從句中先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,some等不定代詞指物時。(something用that或which均可)(2)Therebe

句型中用that。There

is

a

book

on

the

desk

that

belongs

to

Tom.that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列Thisisthefirst

book(that)hehasread.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thisisthefirsttime

(that)IaminBeijing.(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾(4)當主句是who/which做主語的疑問句時

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?Who

thatbrokethewindowwillbe

punished.WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Thisisthefirstbook(that)(5)當先行詞既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings

thattheyrememberedatschool.Lookatthemanandhisdonkey

thatarewalkingupthestreet.I’vereadallthebooksthat

arenotmine.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(6)先行詞被all,every,no,some,few,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thelast,just,right等修飾。(5)當先行詞既有人又有物。I’vereadallth(1)緊跟介詞作賓語Thosearemanytreesunder

whichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定語從句中

Football,

whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.Thetree,whichis400yearsold,isveryfamoushere.在下列情況下,一般用which而不用that。(1)緊跟介詞作賓語在下列情況下,一般用which而不用tas和which

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后；

as引導(dǎo)的從句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。which既可代指先行詞，又可代指整個主句的內(nèi)容。相當于“andthis”或“andthat”.譯為“這一點”。

as只能代指整個主句的內(nèi)容。常帶有“正如”之意，且已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)。

asisknown,asisreported,asissaid,

asisexpected,asweknow,etc.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別which引導(dǎo)1.Einstein,asisknown,isafamous

scientist.2.Asisreported,Chinahasbecome

animportantcountryintheworld.3.TaiwanbelongstoChina,asis

knowntoall.4.Bambooishollow,whichmakesit

verylight.5.Mysonnowgoestotheschool,

whichIusedgotowhenIwasachild.6.Hedidn’tcometoattendthemeeting,

asisexpected.1.Einstein,asisknown,isa3.as在從句中作主語，從句中的謂語必須

是系動詞；而which則不一定。

Heisverystrict,asisshowninhis

work.Themanisverylearned,asis

describedinthebook.4.先行詞前有thesame,such限定時，關(guān)

系詞只能用as.Ihavethesameopinionasyou(have).Don’treadsuchbooksasarebeyond

yourability.3.as在從句中作主語，從句中的謂語必須

是系動詞5.當從句和主句語義一致時，用as,反之用whichShemarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.當先行詞受thesame修飾時，有時也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。

Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.

SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.

5.當從句和主句語義一致時，用as,反之用which當先行關(guān)系副詞的用法指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略when時間狀語否where地點狀語否why原因狀語否關(guān)系副詞的用法指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略when時間狀語否wI’llneverforgettheday

when

Ijoinedtheleague.onwhichI’llneverforgetthetimewhich/thatwasspentwithyou.when

在定語從句中作時間狀語，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞。相當于介詞(at/in/during/on)+which若定語從句缺主語或賓語，需用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhichThelibrary(which/that)youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.where在定語從句中作地點狀語，先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞。相當于

“介詞(in/at/on/under…)+which”。若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。ThisisthehousewhereIlivewhere

引導(dǎo)的定語從句也可以修飾case,condition,situation,instance,等先行詞。Therearecases

wherethisruledoesnotholdgood.Canyouthinkofasituation

wherethiswordcanbeused?where引導(dǎo)的定語從句也可以修飾case,conditDoyouknowthereasonwhyshewas

late.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.

why在定語從句中作原因狀語，常位于reason之后，相當于for

which。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshethereasonwhy…isthat…

……的原因是……他辭職的原因是他和老板吵架了。Thereasonwhyheresignedwasthathequarreledwithhisboss.Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.thereasonwhy…isthat…

……的原在thereasonwhy…結(jié)構(gòu)中，why引導(dǎo)定語從句，它也可以換為forwhich或者省略。在從句中作原因狀語。如果關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞reason在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等時，則用that或which。Icanacceptthereason(that/which)hegives.Hegaveareasonthat/whichsurprisedme.3.the

reasonisthat…結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用that

引導(dǎo)表語從句，不要受漢語的影響，誤用

because。在thereasonwhy…結(jié)構(gòu)中，why引導(dǎo)定語從(1)看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配Thisisthebook___whichyouasked.Iknowthemantowhomhespokejustnow.forTheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.6.在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句中如何判斷介詞注意:動詞短語不能拆開即介詞不提前(1)看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配Thisisthe(2)看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配。

Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.HegivesalectureofwhichIamtired.(3)根據(jù)先行詞判斷,所用的介詞與先行詞搭配。

Thisisourclassroom,____________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.Thereisatableintheroomon/under

whichisacat.withinthefrontof(2)看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配。

Hereferr(4)看介詞與賓語的搭配，看先行詞前需要什么介詞。Thisisthehouseinwhichtheoldladyoncelived.Wewenttothestationatwhichwemetlasttime.(5)將定語從句還原，也就是將引導(dǎo)詞換成先行詞來判斷介詞。HementionedabookofwhichthetitleIcan’tremember.Hestoodnearthewindowthroughwhichhecouldseethesmallriver.(4)看介詞與賓語的搭配，看先行詞前需要什么介詞。This831.Thisisthecar__whichIboughtlastyear.2.Thisisthecar____whichIpaid100$.3.Thisisthecar____whichIspent100$.4.Thisisthecar____whichIgotoworkeveryday.5.Thisisthecar_________whichIcan’tgotowork./foronbywithoutCompletethefollowingsetences1.Thisisthecar__whichIbo84byataboutof6.Thisisthecar____whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown7.Thisisthecar____whichaboythrewastone.8.Thisisthecar_________whichwetalked.9.Thisisthecar____whichthewindowwasbroken.byataboutof6.Thisisthecar85【例1】

Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,______hasagreateffectonmylife.

［1994·上海］

A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who【解析】本題的第一個空格處應(yīng)填入表示時間的關(guān)系副詞when，在從句中作狀語。答案：B。

【例1】【解析】【例2】

CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,____personallyIdoubtverymuch.［1999全國］A.itB.thatC.whenD.which【解析】“我個人所懷疑的”是“到十月份這工作能否被完成”，而不是“十月份”，由此判定非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是October,而是前面整個主句的內(nèi)容。答案：D?！纠?】

Carolsaidtheworkwou【例3】Johnsaidhe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,______wastrue.

［2001·春］

A.heB.thisC.whichD.who【解析】“John說他在辦公室工作一個小時了，這件事情是真的”所以要用關(guān)系代詞which指代這件事情并引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。答案：C?！纠?】【解析】【例4】Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而用which.it和he都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。【例4】答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而【例5】Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。【例5】答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，【例6】TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear‘spartywasagreatsuccess.（2004年全國卷23題）

A.forwhich B.atwhich

C.inwhich D.onwhich本句屬于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句這一情況。通過拆分我們可以得MystudentsactedintheEnglishplayattheNewYear‘sparty.,所以答案為C?！纠?】本句屬于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句這一情況。通過【例7】______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.（2004年北京卷34題）A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What【例8】Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(2004年湖南卷