英國文學(xué)史填空題

學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考=Beowul=canbetermedEngland’snationalepicanditsheroBeowulf—oneofthenationalheroesoftheEnglishpeople.貝奧武夫（有記載的最早的一部英國文學(xué)作品）TheliteratureofAnglo-Saxonperiodfallsnaturallyintotwodivisions,--=(Pagan)andChristian=.TheformerrepresentsthepoetrywhichtheAnglo-Saxonsprobablybroughtwiththemintheformof=oralsagas=,--thecrudematerialoutofwhichliteraturewasslowlydevelopedonEnglishsoil;thelatterrepresentsthe=writings=developedunderteachingofthemonks.盎格魯-撒克遜時(shí)期的文學(xué)自然地分成兩個(gè)部門,——(異教徒)和基督教。前者代表了詩歌的盎格魯撒克遜人可能帶來的形式口頭傳說,原油材料文獻(xiàn)在慢慢開發(fā)英語土壤;他后者代表作品在教學(xué)的僧侶。3.TheSongofBeowulfreflectseventswhichtookplaceonthe=EuropeanContinent=approximatelyatthebeginningofthe6thcentury,whentheforefathersoftheJuteslivedinthesouthernpartofthe=Scandinavianpeninsula=.TheoldEnglishpoetrycanbedividedintotwogroups:the=secular=poetryandthe=religious=poetry.世俗詩歌和宗教詩歌。=(Beowulf)=istheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheEnglishlanguage.史詩II.1. __c_____isthefirstimportantreligiouspoetinEnglishliterature. 凱德蒙（公元 7世紀(jì)盎格魯-撒克遜基督教詩人）A.JohnDonne B.GeorgeHerbert C.Caedmon D.MiltonInAnglo-Saxonperiod,Beowulfrepresentedthe__=pagan=__poetry.異教徒；無宗教信仰者1.Intheyear=1066=,atthebattleof=Hasting=黑斯廷（英國東薩塞克斯郡瀕臨加來海峽的城市）,theNormansheadedbyWilliam,DukeofNormandy,defeatedtheAnglo-Saxons.TheliteraturewhichNormansbroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesof=loveandadventures=,inmarkedcontrastwiththe=strengthandsomberness=ofAnglo-Saxonpoetry.盎格魯撒克遜提倡力量和暗淡TheliteratureoftheAnglo–Normanperiodwasofthreeclasses:thematterof_________;matterof__________________;matterof___________.Afterthe=Norman=Conquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.themostprevalentkindofliteratureinfeudalEnglandwas=romance=.Itwasalongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventureofanoblehero.GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里·喬叟(GeoffreyChaucer，1342年-1400年)，英國中世紀(jì)著名作家，出生于一個(gè)酒商家庭。1359年隨愛德華三世的部隊(duì)遠(yuǎn)征法國，被法軍俘虜，不久以黃金贖回。I.1.GeoffreyChaucer,the“=fatherofEnglishpoetry=”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoets敘事詩人ofEngland,wasborninLondoninorabouttheyear1340.Beingespeciallyfondofthegreat=Italian=writerBoccaccio,Chaucercomposesalongnarrativepoem=TroilusandCressie=,baseduponBoccaccio’spoemFilostratoChaucer's.學(xué)習(xí)資料inStratford-upon-Avon學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考3.ChaucergreatlycontributedtothefoundingoftheEnglishliterarylanguage,thebasisofwhichwasformedbythe=London=dialect,soprofusely豐富的usedbythepoet.4.Chaucer’smasterpieceis杰作=TheCanterburyTales=坎特伯雷故事集（著作名）,oneofthemostfamousworksinallliterature.5.ThePrologue序言isasplendidmasterpieceofRomanticportrayal,thefirstofitskindinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.序言是一個(gè)輝煌的杰作的浪漫形象,首次在英語文學(xué)的歷史。6.Inhisgreatestwork,TheCanterburyTales,Chaucercreatedastrikinglybrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaofhistimeandhiscountry.在他最偉大的作品,《坎特伯雷故事集》中,喬叟創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)驚人的才華橫溢,風(fēng)景如畫的時(shí)間和國家的全景。6.Chaucer’sworkispermeatedwithbuoyantfree-thinking,socharacteristicoftheageofRenaissancewhoseimmediateforerunnerChaucerthusbecomes.英國浪漫文學(xué)當(dāng)之無愧的先驅(qū)The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupof_feudal_relationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsof__capitalism__.2. The16thcenturywasatimewhen,accordingtoThomasMore, “sheepdevouredman”.3. ThetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassicGreekandRomanartsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofobscurantism.文藝復(fù)興一詞最初顯示的復(fù)興古典希臘和羅馬藝術(shù)與科學(xué)在蒙昧主義的黑暗時(shí)代。4. KingHenrytheVIIIbrokeoffwiththePope,dissolvedallthemonasteriesandabbeysinthecountry,confiscatedtheirlandsandproclaimedhimselfheadofChurchofEngland.國王亨利八世與教皇斷絕了,解散了所有的修道院和修道院,沒收他們的土地,宣布自己成為英格蘭教會(huì)的負(fù)責(zé)人。5. TheoldEnglisharistocracyhavingexterminatedinthecourseofWaroftheRoses,anewnobility,totallydependentontheking’spower,cametothefore.古老的英國貴族消滅在玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的過程中 ,新貴族,完全依賴國王的權(quán)力 ,開始嶄露頭角。Atthebeginningofthe16thcenturytheoutstandinghumanistThomasMorewrotehisUtopiainwhichhegaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofthepeople’ssufferingsandputforwardhisidealofafuturehappysociety.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙·斯賓塞（人名）wastheauthorofthegreatestepicpoemofthetime,TheFaireQueen.ThegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdramawasWilliamShakespearewhoreformedthatgenreinEnglandandperfectedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworks.最偉大的英國戲劇是莎士比亞改革的先驅(qū) ,在英格蘭和完善語言和詩歌流派的戲劇作品。rd9. WilliamShakespearewasbornonthe23ofApril,1564, 史特拉福,Warwickshire.10.Hamletspeaksthefamous“Tobe,ornottobe”Shakespeare’ssonnetsfallintotwoseries:Thefirst126sonnetsareaddressedtoayoungman,andtherest(exceptthelasttwoones)areaddressedtodarklady.黑暗淑女ThefourgreattragediesinShakespeare’matureperiodareHamlet,Othello,KingLearandMacbeth.哈姆雷特,奧賽羅,《李爾王》和《麥克白》。學(xué)習(xí)資料Monarchicparty學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考13.PopedescribeFrancisBaconas“thewisest,brightest,andmeanestofmankind”.教皇培根描述為 “最聰明的,最聰明的,最差的人類”。14.OfBacon’sliteraryworks,themostimportantaretheEssays.The17thcenturywasaperiodwhenabsolutemonarchyimpededthefurtherdevelopmentofcapitalisminEnglandandthebourgeoisiecouldnolongerbeartheswayoflandednobility.17世紀(jì)是一個(gè)君主專制時(shí)期阻礙了資本主義的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展 ,在英格蘭和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)再也無法忍受貴族地主的影響。Therearereligiousdivisionandconfusionandalongbitterstrugglebetweenthepeople’sParliamentandtheThrone--PuritansfightingagainsttheCavalierswhohelpedtheking.清教徒與騎士In1653,OliverCromwellimposedamilitarydictatorshiponthecountry;afterhisdeathmonarchywasagainrestored.Itwascalledtheperiodofthe Restoration.1653年,克倫威爾強(qiáng)加一個(gè)軍事獨(dú)裁國家 ,君主在他死后又恢復(fù)。它被稱為復(fù)辟時(shí)代。In1688,theGloriousRevolutiontookplace.TheGloriousRevolutionmeantthreethings:thesupremacyofParliament,議會(huì)thebeginningofmodernEngland,andthefinaltriumphoftheprincipleofpolitical6.liberty.oflife.Thepuritansbelievedin清教徒信奉簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。simplicity7.Restorationcreatedaliteratureofitsownthatwasoftenwittyandclever,butonthewholeimmoralandcynical.Themostpopulargenrewasthatofcomedywhosechiefaimwastoentertainthelicentiousaristocrats.恢復(fù)了自己的文學(xué),內(nèi)容詼諧幽默,聰明,但總的來說不道德的、憤世嫉俗的。最常見的類型是喜劇的主要目的是為了娛樂那些放肆的貴族。ThefirstthingtostrikethereaderisDonne’sextraordinaryfranknessandpenetratingrealism.Thenextisthe_cynicism__whichmarkscertainofthelighterpoemsandwhichrepresentsaconsciousreactionfromtheextreme_idealism__ofwomanencouragedbythePetrarchantradition.ThepoemsofJohnDonnebelongtotwocategories:theyouthfullovelyrics,andthelattersacredverses.約翰·多恩的詩歌屬于兩類:年輕的愛歌詞,后者神圣的經(jīng)文。10.Miltonopposedthe andgaveallhisenergiestothewritingofpamphlets dedicatedtothepeople’sliberties.彌爾頓反對(duì)君主的黨,給了他所有的精力寫小冊(cè)子致力于人民的自由。ParadiseLosttellshowSatanrebelledagainstGodandhowAdamandEveweredrivenoutofEden.ParadiseLostpresentstheauthor’sviewsinanallegoricalform.寓言形式ParadiseLostconsistsoftwelvebooks.ItisbasedontheBiblicallegendoftheimaginaryprogenitorsofthehumanrace—AdamandEve.《失樂園》由十二個(gè)書。它是基于圣經(jīng)傳說虛構(gòu)的祖細(xì)胞的人類 race-Adam 和夏娃。14.JohnMilton’sParadiseLostendswiththedepartureofAdamandEvefromtheGardenofEden.ParadiseLostisalongepicdividedinto12books,thestoriesofwhicharetakenfromTheOldTestament.《舊約》。Miltongaveustheonly_epic敘事詩_sinceBeowulf,andBunyan班揚(yáng)（姓氏）；英國學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考的傳教士gaveustheonlygreat__.allegory17.Bunyan’smostimportantworkisPilgrim’sProgress,writtenintheold-fashioned,medievalformof_allegory__and___dream_.ThePilgrim’sProgressisthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage.ThePilgrim’sProgressbeginswithamancalledChristiansettingoutwithabookinhishandagreatloadonhisbackfromthecityofDestuction._JohnDonne_isfamousforhismetaphysicalconceit,thatis,acomparisonbetweenthetwostrikinglyresemblingobjects.約翰·多恩所在的著名的為他的形而上學(xué)的自負(fù),也就是說,兩個(gè)驚人地類似對(duì)象之間的比較。SamsonAgonistewaswrittenbyJohnMilton.“Ifthoube’esthe—butohhowfallen!Howunchanged/Fromhim!—whointhehappy realms of light,/clothed with transcendent brightness,/did’stoutshine/Myriads,thoughbright”arethelinesfromMilton’sParadiseLostspokentoBeelzebubbySatan.1. Theenlightenersrepudiate拒絕 thefalsereligiousdoctrines主義 abouttheviciousness墮落ofhumannature,andprovethatmanisbornkindandhonest,andifhebecomesdepraved,墮落腐化 itisonlyduetotheinfluenceof corrupted socialenvironment.Westudyeighteenthcenturywritingsinthreemaindivisions:thereignofso-called,therevivalofromanticpoetry,andthebeginningsofthemodernnovel.3.The18thcenturyEnglandisknownastheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason.理性時(shí)代“IfthecensureofYahooscouldanywayaffectme,Ishouldhavegreatreasontocomplainthatsomeofthemaresoboldastothinkmybookoftravelsamerefictionoutofmineownbrain.”ThisquotationisselectedfromGulliver’sTravels.格列夫游記4.TheYahoosareattackedbythewriternamedJonathanSwift喬納森·斯威夫特inhisfantasyworkbearingthetitleGulliver’sTravels.TheimageofanenterprisingEnglishmanofthe18thcenturywascreatedbyDanielDefoeinhisfamousnovelRobinsonCrusoe.6. HenryFieldinghasbeenregardedas “ ”,forhiscontributiontotheestablishmentoftheformofthemodernnovel.( FatheroftheEnglishNovel)Inhisworld-famousnovelTomJonesJonathanSwifttypifiedthebourgeoisworld,drewruthlesspicturesofthedepravedaristocracyandsatiricallyportrayedthewholeoftheEnglishStatesystem.8.TheexcitingtaleofRobinsonCrusoeislargely_anadventure_story,ratherthanthestudyofhumancharacter.魯賓遜漂流記的激動(dòng)人心的故事主要是_一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)_的故事,而不是人類性格的研究。9.JonathanSwiftwasbornofEnglishparentsinDublinIreland.10.Ofalltheromanticpoetsofthe18thcentury,Blakeisthemostindependentandthemostoriginal.11.TheSongsofExperienceareinmarkedcontrastwithTheSongsofInnocence.Thebrightnessoftheearlierworkgivesplacetoasenseofgloomandmystery,andofthepowerofevil.RobertBurns’poetryisboneoftheboneandfleshofthefleshoftheScottishcommonpeople.羅伯特·彭斯學(xué)習(xí)資料往時(shí)由羅伯特·伯恩斯處理友誼和長學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考13. ElegyWitteninaCountryChurchyardbyThomasGrayistakenasamodelofsentimentalistpoetry,esp.theGraveyardSchoolFridayisacharacterinthenovelRobinsonCrusoe.AuldLangSynewrittenbyRobertBurnsdealswithfriendshipandhaslongbecomeauniversalpartingsongofalltheEnglish-speakingcountries.期以來成為一個(gè)普遍的所有英語國家的離別之歌。RomanticismasaliterarymovementcameintobeinginEnglandearlyinthelatterhalfofthe____18th____centuryWilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsrepresentedthespiritofwhatisusuallycalledPre-Romanticism.3. With thepublication of William Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads_____ incollaborationwithS.T.Coleridge,romanticismbegantobloomandfoundafirmplaceinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.TheRomanticismwasgenerallyinfluencedbytheIndustrialRevolutionand________.5. Liberty,equalityandfraternity 自由、平等、博愛 werethewatchwordsoftheFrenchRevolution.Theeighteenthcenturywasdistinctivelyanageof_prose_.TheAgeofWordsworth—liketheAgeofShakespeare—wasdecidedlyanageof____poetry_____.7. In1798,___WilliamWordsworth _____andSamuelTaylorColeridgepublishedajointvolumeofpoetryentitledLyricalBallads,whichbecamealandmarkinEnglishpoetry.(WilliamWordsworth)ManyofWordsworth’spoemsintheLyricalBalladsweredevotedtothepositionoflandlessandhomelesspeasants.華茲華斯關(guān)心無家可歸者。InhispoemsWordsworthaimedatsimplicity&purityofthelanguage,fightingagainsttheconventionalformsofthe18thcenturypoetry.簡(jiǎn)答和純真Thedefinitionthat“allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings”waswrittenby________in________.(WilliamWordsworth,LyricalBallads)抒情詩集（書名）‘BeautyisTruth,TruthBeauty,”–thatisallYeknowonearth,andallyeneedtoknow.Thisquotationisselectedfrom__OdeonaGrecianUrn __by_JohnKeats_.希臘古甕頌（濟(jì)慈詩歌）ChildeHarold’Pilgrimagesisa____travelogue_旅行見聞講演____narratedbyamelancholy,passionate,well-readandveryeloquenttourist.Byronchoseforhispoemsthepoemstanza.___DonJuan____,Byron’sgreatestwork,waswrittenintheprimeofhiscreativepower,intheyears1818-1823.AsaleadingRomanticist,Byron’schiefcontributionishiscreationofthe“ByronicHero”,aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.ThelongnarrativepoemthestoryofEndymion,theLatmianshepherdbelovedbythemoon-goddess,___Selene___,waspublishedin1818.學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考17.TheEnglishRomanticperiodproducedtwomajornovelists:ScottandJaneAustenInallAusten’snovelsthe-makingloveofheryoungpeople,thoughseriousandsympathetic,issubduedby______totheordinaryplaneofemotiononwhichmostofuslive.Austen’sstyleiselegant___and___satirical___。奧斯丁風(fēng)格高雅諷刺21.TheBennetswerespeedilypronouncedtobetheluckiestfamilyintheworld,thoughonlyafewweeksbeforewhenLydiahadfirstrunaway,theyhadbeengenerallyprovedtobemarkedoutformisfortune.Thisquotationisselectedfrom__________by_________.(PrideandPrejudice,JaneAusten)1.TheprecisianmaylimittheVictorianperiodtotheyearsbetweentheQueen’saccessionin1837andherdeathin_1901_,butanewerareallybeganwiththepassageoftheReformBillin1832andclosedattheendoftheBoerWarin-_1881.2.3.TheawakenedworkingclasswritersisthepredominantthemeinEarlyVictorianliterature.喚醒工人階級(jí)早期維多利亞文學(xué)作家是主要的主題。Thepicturein_OliverTwist(1838)byDickensisofthetypicalworkhouseintheyearsbeforeexperienceandprotestsintroducedamelioratingmodificationsintheadministrationofthelaw.5.6. TherepeatedupsurgeofChartist憲章派agitationforcedtherulingclassesinEnglandtomakecertainconcessions,resultingintheRepealoftheCornLawin1846andth