初二英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

-.z初二英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)：〔一〕一般將來時一般將來時表示將來*個時間要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,ne*tyear,ne*tmonth,ne*tweek,in100years等。begoingtodo〔動詞原形〕構(gòu)造：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：Itisgoingtorain.willdo構(gòu)造表示將來的用法：1.表示預(yù)見Doyouthinkitwillrain"Youwillfeelbetterafteragoodrest.2.表示意圖Iwillborrowabookfromourschoollibrarytomorrow.Whatwillshedotomorrow"根本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成：〔1〕will+主語+do…"WillSarahetovisitmene*tSunday"〔2〕therebe構(gòu)造的一般疑問句：Willthere+be…"Willtherebefewertrees"Yes,therewill./No,therewon’t否認(rèn)句構(gòu)成：will+not〔won’t〕+doSarahwon’tetovisitmene*tSunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞＋will＋主語＋…？WhatwillSarahdone*tSunday"根據(jù)例句，用will改寫以下各句例：Idon’tfeelwelltoday.〔bebettertomorrow〕I’llbebettertomorrow.1.Ginahassi*classestoday.〔havealotofhomeworktonight〕_____________________________2.I’mtirednow.〔sleeplater〕_____________________________3.Myparentsneedanewcar.〔buyonesoon〕_____________________________4.Wecan’tleaverightnow.〔leavealittlelater〕_____________________________5.Theweatherisawfultoday.〔bebettertomorrow〕_____________________________答案：1.She’llhavealotofhomeworktonight.2.I’llsleeplater.3.They’llbuyonesoon.4.We’llleavealittlelater.5.Maybeit’llbebettertomorrow.〔二〕should的用法：should用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動詞原形，否認(rèn)句直接在should后邊加not.例如：Ithinkyoushouldeatlessjunkfood.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。Shedrivesalotandsheseldomwalks.SoIthinksheshouldwalkalot.她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。Studentsshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeplayingputergames.學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時間玩計算機(jī)游戲。學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式：〔1〕Ithinkyoushould…〔2〕Well,youcould…〔3〕Maybeyoushould…〔4〕Whydon’tyou…"〔5〕Whataboutdoingsth."〔6〕You’dbetterdosth.用should或shouldn’t填空1.Ican’tsleepthenightbeforee*ams.You______takeawarmshowerbeforeyougotobed.2.Goodfriends______argueeachother.3.Thereislittlemilkintheglass.We_______buysome.4.Theydidn’tinviteyou"Maybeyou______befriendlier.5.Iamalittlebitoverweight.SoIthinkI_______doe*erciseseveryday.答案：1.should 2.shouldn’t 3.should 4.should 5.should〔三〕過去進(jìn)展時過去進(jìn)展時表示過去*一點(diǎn)時間正在進(jìn)展的動作或者過去*一段時間一直進(jìn)展的動作。1.構(gòu)成was/were+doing，例如：IwaswatchingTVat9o’clocklastnight.at9o’clocklastnight是時間點(diǎn)Theywereplayingfootballallafternoon.allafternoon是時間段2.過去進(jìn)展時的標(biāo)志詞at8o’clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday等。例如：Iwashavinglunchathomethistimeyesterday.昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。Atthattimeshewaswritingabook.那陣子她在寫一本書?！脖硎舅谀嵌螘r間里一直在做那件事情?！秤美ㄌ栔兴o動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.ThistimeyesterdayI__________〔read〕books.2.At9o’clocklastSundaythey____________〔have〕aparty.3.WhenI_____〔e〕intotheclassroom,she______________〔read〕astorybook.4.She___________〔play〕putergameswhilehermother__________〔cook〕yesterdayafternoon.5.I___________〔have〕ashowerwhenyou_______〔call〕meyesterday.答案：1.wasreading 2.werehaving 3.came;wasreading4.wasplaying;wascooking 5.washaving;called〔四〕間接引語形成步驟：〔1〕不要逗號，冒號，引號〔2〕要考慮到人稱的變化〔人稱的變化與漢語是一致的〕〔3〕要考慮時態(tài)的變化〔4〕要考慮時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和語示代詞的變化。1.直接引語變成間接引語時，幾個主要時態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時過去進(jìn)展時2.直接引語變成間接引語時，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語1.am/is2.are3.have/has4.will5.can6.may間接引語1.was2.were3.had4.would5.could6.might用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.ShesaidI_____〔be〕hard-working.2.Petertoldmehe_____〔be〕boredyesterday.3.Shesaidshe_____〔go〕swimminglastSunday.4.Bobbysaidhe_____〔may〕callmelater.5.Antoniotoldmehe_____〔read〕abookthen.答案：1.was 2.was 3.went 4.might 5.wasreading請轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話：1.IgotothebeacheverySaturday.〔Tom〕2.Icanspeakthreelanguages.〔Lucy〕3.Iwillcallyoutomorrow.〔Mike〕4.I’mhavingasurprisepartyforLana.〔she〕〔五〕if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句構(gòu)造：if＋一般現(xiàn)在時，主語＋將來時含義：如果……，將要……例如：Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你請求他，他會幫助你。Ifneedbe,we’llworkallnight.如果需要，我們就干個通宵。根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。1.如果你參加聚會，你將會過得很開心。Ifyou________theparty,you__________.2.如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。Ifit__________tomorrow,we___________.3.如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會喜歡英語的。Ifyouoften________,you_________________.答案：1.Ifyougototheparty,youwillhaveagoodtime2.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgotothepiic3.IfyouoftenlistentoEnglishsongs,you’lllikeEnglish二.完形填空特點(diǎn)及解題思路〔一〕題型分類與特點(diǎn)完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉假設(shè)干個詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保存的局部，從所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的根底上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語填空，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、構(gòu)造完整。這種題型測試的容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法構(gòu)造正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語確兩條原則，只考慮*一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基此題型分兩類：完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。1.完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中假設(shè)干詞語抽掉留下空格，對每一空格提供假設(shè)干個選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的根底上，運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語法等語言知識，從所提供的備選項(xiàng)中選出一個最正確答案，使短文容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當(dāng)，字?jǐn)?shù)在150－200個單詞之，多數(shù)設(shè)置10個左右空格，所設(shè)考點(diǎn)涉及詞匯、語法及對短文容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個語境，對每一空格設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)根本都屬于一樣或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾，側(cè)重考察了考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。2.選詞填空題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框，有時還增加幾個文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格?！睞〕Jackwantedtoaskfortwodaysoff,1hehadonlylearntthephrase〔短語〕"haveadayoff〞.He2,thenhehadanidea."Grandmotherisill.MayIhaveadayoff,3"〞heaskedtheteacher."Ofcourse,youcan.〞replied〔答復(fù)〕theteacheratonce.Afterawhile,theboycameto4attheteacher’sdoor."MayIhaveadayoff5"〞Theteacherwasverysurprised,"Didn’tyou6itjustnow"〞"Yes,sir.ButIcan’tbehere7,either.〞Theteacherunderstoodhimandcouldnothelp8.Thenhesaidwithasmile,"Whydidn’tyousay‘MayIhavetwodaysoff"’〞Theboyansweredquickly9aloudvoice."Butyouonly10us‘haveadayoff!’〔〕1.A.but B.and C.or D.for〔〕2.A.thoughthardlyB.thoughthardandhardC.hardthoughtD.thoughtandthought〔〕3.A.Miss B.sir C.teacher D.Mr〔〕4.A.strike B.best C.hit D.knock〔〕5.A.also B.again C.too D.once〔〕6.A.speak B.tell C.say D.do〔〕7.A.tomorrowB.thedayaftertomorrowC.yesterdayD.thedaybeforeyesterday〔〕8.A.laugh B.tolaugh C.laughed D.laughing〔〕9.A.with B.on C.in D.by〔〕10.A.teach B.taught C.areteaching D.wereteaching〔B〕請根據(jù)容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?0個填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化。than,so,tell,us,them,report,beause,love,position,understand,to,that,much,for,whatAgenerationgap〔代溝〕hasbeeaseriousproblem.Ireada_______〔1〕aboutitinthenewspaper.Somechildrenhavekilled_______〔2〕afterquarrels〔爭吵〕withparents.Ithinkthisis_______〔3〕theydon’thaveagoodtalkwitheachother.Parentsnowspend_______〔4〕timeintheoffice._______〔5〕theydon’thavemuchtimetostaywiththeirchildren.Astimepasses,theybothfeel_______〔6〕theydon’thavethesametopics〔話題〕totalkabout.Iwantto_______〔7〕parentstobemorewithyourchildren,gettoknowthemandunderstandthem.Andforchildren,showyourfeeling_______〔8〕yourparents.Theyarethepeoplewho_______〔9〕you.Sotellthemyourthoughts〔想法〕.Inthisway,youcanhaveabetter_______〔10〕ofeachother.完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是：1.跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的根底上才開場判定選擇，切忌倉促下筆。2.結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的根底上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，聯(lián)系上、下文容，注意從上、下文的語法構(gòu)造和詞語搭配及從選擇項(xiàng)中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子構(gòu)造入手，根據(jù)短文意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進(jìn)展綜合考慮，對備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)展分析、比擬和篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。3.瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個擊破。動筆時要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。比照擬明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續(xù)往下做，最后回過頭來再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。這時可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文，隨著對短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。4.復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)疏漏。完成各道題選擇后，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認(rèn)真復(fù)查?？此x定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成章，語法構(gòu)造是否正確，是否符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤答案或有疑問的，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正。完形填空試題的一般解題思路是：1.跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時先跳過空格，通讀完形填空的短文，了解全篇的容和要旨。要重視首句，善于以首句的時態(tài)、語氣為立足點(diǎn)，理清文脈，推測全文主題及大意。2.復(fù)讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。3.三讀短文、上下參照、驗(yàn)證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個詞后，將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進(jìn)展檢驗(yàn)，可從上、下文容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語法構(gòu)造是否正確無誤等進(jìn)展綜合驗(yàn)證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。〔三〕課文閱讀指導(dǎo)1.初中閱讀閱讀理解能力〔1〕理解主旨要義〔2〕理解文中具體信息〔3〕根據(jù)上下文猜想生詞的意義〔4〕做出簡單判斷的推理〔5〕理解文章的根本構(gòu)造〔6〕理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度2.培養(yǎng)良好閱讀習(xí)慣〔1〕擴(kuò)大視距〔2〕克制聲讀〔3〕克制逐字讀3.猜想詞文〔1〕通過標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)展預(yù)測〔2〕文章的標(biāo)題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義，因此通過文章標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)展預(yù)測，以便正確理解?！?〕通過語篇標(biāo)記進(jìn)展預(yù)測〔4〕語篇標(biāo)記包括關(guān)聯(lián)詞、轉(zhuǎn)換詞也包括其他關(guān)鍵詞?！?〕利用背景知識預(yù)測〔6〕利用圖片進(jìn)展預(yù)測【模擬試題】〔答題時間：80分鐘〕一.選擇填空?！病?.Beijingwonthechances_________the2008Olympics.A.tohost B.host C.hosting D.hosted〔〕2.TigerWoodscanmakebillions______dollarsayear.A.for B.with C.of D.on〔〕3.－Youlookedsobeautifulattheparty.－_______.A.No,Idon’tthinksoB.OfcourseC.ThankyouverymuchD.No,I’mnotbeautiful〔〕4.Thete*tisveryeasyforyou.Thereare______newwordsinit.A.afew B.alittle C.few D.little〔〕5.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________"WhoMovedMycheese〞wasaninterestingbook.A.that B.what C.how D.if〔〕6.－InourEnglishstudyreadingismoreinterestingthanspeaking,Ithink.－Idon’tagree.Speakingis_______reading.A.asimportantas B.soimportantasC.themoreimportant D.themostimportant〔〕7.Ifhe________harder,he’llcatchupwithus.A.work B.works C.worked D.willwork〔〕8.Themanager________thatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestock〔股票〕wentdown.A.talked B.told C.said D.spoke〔〕9.Weshouldkeep_________inthereading-room.A.quiet B.quietly C.quite D.quickly〔〕10.－Ithinkeverythinggoesonwell.－_______.A.SoIdo B.Idoso C.SodoI D.SoisI〔〕11.IfyouwanttowatchTV,youmayturn_______.A.down B.iton C.onit D.itoff〔〕12.I’msorryIhaven’tgotanymoney.I’ve________myhandbagathome.A.missed B.left C.put D.forgotten〔〕13.Heislisteningtothemusic_______sheiswashingclothes.A.after B.before C.that D.while〔〕14.Ittakes________timetogotoBeijingbyplanethanbytrain.A.more B.fewer C.longer D.less〔〕15.－E*cuseme.Haveyougotaneraser"－Sorry,Ihaven’t.Why_______youaskMary"Perhapsshe’sgotone.A.do B.don’t C.did D.didn’t二.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z。_____1.WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded" A.Yourteacherwon’tletyouin._____2.Willpeopleusepaper B.HesaidIcouldn’tstayoutlate.moneyinthefuture"_____3.Ican’tsleep,whatshouldIdo" C.Iwasdoingmyhomework._____4.IfIwearjeanstoschool, D.No,theywon’t.Everyonewhatwillhappen" willhaveacreditcard._____5.Whatdidyourfathersay" E.Youshouldlistentosome rela*ingmusic.三.根據(jù)漢語提示填空：1.不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點(diǎn)建議嗎？Idon’tknow__________todo,canyougivemesome_______"2.外星人正在買紀(jì)念品的時候，我給警察打了個。Whilethealienwas_______asouvenir,I________thepolice.3.我放學(xué)回家的路上，看見一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來。Onmywayhomefromschool,Isawacatget_______________awindow.4.我不想在里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。Idon’twanttotalk_________itwithyou_________thephone.5.我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個驚喜的晚會。Wearegoingtohavea_______partyforJohn________Fridayevening.四.完形填空：把下面五個句子放在文章中的恰當(dāng)位置，使文章完整。Threemenwentupinaballoon〔氣球〕.TheystartedearlyinLondon.TheheadmanwasTed,andtheothertwomenwereDavyandEmilio.1Soontheyheardthesea.Theywerecarryingtheusualrope〔繩子〕,anditwashangingdownfromthebasketoftheballoon.Attheendoftheropetheyhadtiedametalbo*.Thiscouldholdwater,oritcouldbeempty.So2.Itwasforuseoverthesea.Theywerealsocarryingsomebagsofsand.Afterthesunrose,theballoonwenthigher.Itwentupto3,000metres,and3.Thewaterintheballoonbecameice.Snowfellpastthemen’sbasket,andtheycouldseemoresnowontheground.4,butitwashard.Theytriedtobreaktheicysandwiththeirknives,butitwasnoteasy.Theworkwasslowandtheywerestillfalling,sotheyhadtodropsomewholebagsofsand.Oneofthemfellonanicylakeandmadeablackholeintheice.Atlasttheypulledthebo*intothebasket.Itwasstillsnowing;so5.Theyroseto5,100metres!Everythingbecameicy.Theyweresocoldthattheydecidedtoland.TheycamedowninPolandheavilybutsafely.Theyhadtravelled1,797kilometresfromLondon!A.ThementriedtothrowoutsomemoresandB.theywereabletochangeitsweight〔重量〕C.Theyhadabigballoonandtheywerereadyforalongway.D.theyclimbedtogetawayfromthesnowE.theairtherewasverycold五.閱讀理解〔A〕EinsteinWasWaitingforHisFriendOnceEinsteinwaswaitingforoneofhisfriendsonabridge.Hewasthinkingaoblem.Whilehewaswaiting,itbegantorain.Therainkeptonforsometime.WhenEinsteintookoutapieceofpaperfromhispockettowritesomethingdown,thepaperwaswetandthenheknewthatitwasraining.Hisclotheshadbeewet.Butafterheputthepaperintohispocket,heforgothewasstandingintherainagain.Manyscientistsarenotcarefulwiththeirlives.Thisisbecausetheyaretoocarefulwiththeirstudies.1.WhatdidEinsteindo"Hewas______.A.adoctor B.ateacher C.ascientist2.WhywasEinsteinonabridge.A.Becausehewaswritingsomethingonthebridge.B.Becausehewaswaitingforafriend.C.Becausehewasthinking.3.Itrained_________.A.sometimes B.forsometime C.foralongtime4.Einstein________andbegantowritesomethingonit.A.boughtapieceofpaper.B.tookapieceofpaperfromhiscar.C.tookoutapieceofpaperfromhispocket.5.Whichistrue"A.Einsteinwascarefulwithhiswork.B.Einsteinwascarefulwithhisclothes.C.Einsteinwascarefulwithhisfriends.〔B〕生活中總會有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)1－5小題所描述的救護(hù)方法，從A-G七幅圖中找出與題意相應(yīng)的圖畫〔此題共有七幅圖，你只能選五幅圖，多項(xiàng)選擇不給分。〕1.Ifthepersonhasstoppedbreathing,youmusttrytostarthis/herbreathingatonce.Thebestthingistousethemouth-to-mouthway.Laythepersononhis/herbackandbreatheintohis/hermouth.2.Ifthepersonisbleeding〔流血〕badly,youmusttrytostopthebleeding.Pressonthebleedingpointwithapieceofcleanclothandholdupthepartofthebodywhichisbleeding.3.Ifyouarebitten〔cutbyteeth〕byananimal,washthecutundercoldrunningwater.Coverthebro