港珠澳項(xiàng)目總體介紹技術(shù)篇

港珠澳大橋主體工程

HZMBMainBridgeProject項(xiàng)目介紹Introduction項(xiàng)目情況介紹

目錄Content4項(xiàng)目概況Descriptionoftheproject1235橋梁設(shè)計(jì)方案Bridgedesign隧道設(shè)計(jì)方案Tunneldesign4人工島設(shè)計(jì)方案Islanddesign5前期工作AdvanceWork

1.項(xiàng)目概況Description繼三峽工程、青藏鐵路、南水北調(diào)、京滬高鐵后又一重大工程。

HZMBprojectisahugeprojectinsuccessionoftheThree-gorges,Qinghai-TibetRailway,South-to-NorthWaterDiversionandBeijing-ShanghaiHighSpeedRailwayProjects.全部工程包括珠海、澳門接線，珠海澳門口岸，海中主體工程，香港接線及香港口岸,總長(zhǎng)約50公里，總投資約729億。

TheHZMBprojectconsistsofZhuhai,MacauSideLinks,Zhuhai-MacauBCFartificialIsland,MainBridgeProject,HongKongSideLinkandHongKongBCF,whichis50Kminlengthandtotalinvestmentis72.9billionRMB.1.項(xiàng)目概況Description連接粵、港、澳三地，兩種不同體制的工程，由中國(guó)內(nèi)地、香港、澳門特別行政區(qū)共同投資建設(shè)。

HZMBprojectconnectsGuangdongProvince,HongKongandMacauSpecialAdministrativeZoneswhichhavedifferentpoliticalsystems,andjointlyfundedbyMainlandChina,HongKongandMacauspecialAdministrativeZones.港珠澳大橋主體工程長(zhǎng)約29.6km，深水區(qū)非通航孔橋14.22km、淺水區(qū)非通航孔橋5.24公里、青州航道橋930m、江海直達(dá)航道橋774m、九洲航道橋693m、以及兩座人工島連接橋，一座口岸連接橋，橋梁共長(zhǎng)約22.8km。

ThemainworkofHZMBis29.6Kmlong,ofwhich14.75Kmand5.44Kmarenon-navigationaldeep/shallowwaterbridgesrespectively,Qingzhouchannelbridge930m,Jiang-haichannelbridge774m,Jiuzhouchannelbridge693m,twobridgesconnectingtwoartificialislandsaswellasthebridgeconnectingtheBCFartificialisland,andthetotalbridgeis22.8Kminlength.

1.項(xiàng)目概況Description穿越伶仃西航道和銅鼓航道采用沉管隧道的方式，長(zhǎng)約6km。

HZMBprojectgoesthroughtheLing-DingWestChannelandTong-GuChannelwithImmersedTunnel,whichisabout6Kminlength.隧道兩端各設(shè)置一個(gè)海中人工島，每個(gè)人工島長(zhǎng)約625m。

Twoartificialislandswhichareboth625mlongareconstructedateachendoftheimmersedtunnelrespectively.1.項(xiàng)目概況Description2009年10月19日獲得國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)工程可行性研究報(bào)告的批復(fù)。

On19thOct2009,thefeasibilitystudyreportofHZMBwasapprovedbythestatecouncil.2009年12月15日港珠澳大橋工程開工。

On15thDecember2009,constructionofHMZBcommenced.2010年4月1日獲得交通運(yùn)輸部關(guān)于初步設(shè)計(jì)的批復(fù)。

On1stApril2010,thepreliminarydesignofHZMBwasapprovedbyMinistryofTransport.1.項(xiàng)目概況Description目前已完成主體工程詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，正在進(jìn)行橋梁工程的技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)。

UntilnowthedetaileddesignofmainworksofHZMBprojecthasbeenfinishedandtechnicaldesignofbridgeengineeringisinprogress.計(jì)劃2010年6月進(jìn)行島隧設(shè)計(jì)施工總承包招標(biāo)；8月進(jìn)行橋梁工程、交通工程等施工圖設(shè)計(jì)招標(biāo)；2011年底進(jìn)行橋梁工程施工招標(biāo)。

Itisscheduledtostarttenderforisland-tunneldesign-buildcontractinJune2010;andinAugust,tenderforconstructiondrawingdesignofbridgeengineeringandtrafficengineering,andtenderforbridgeconstructionwillbeattheendof2011.全部工程計(jì)劃于2016年底完工。

Thewholeprojectisscheduledtobefinishedattheendof2016.1.項(xiàng)目概況Description6車道高速公路標(biāo)準(zhǔn),設(shè)計(jì)速度100km/h,設(shè)計(jì)使用壽命120年。

TheHZMBprojectisdesignedupto6lanehighwaycriterion,designspeedis100Km/handdesignservicelifeis120years.按照可靠度理論進(jìn)行耐久性設(shè)計(jì)，確保港珠澳大橋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)在120年內(nèi)不產(chǎn)生耐久性失效的保證率≧95%。

DurabilitydesignisasperreliabilitytheorytoguaranteethedurabilityfailureprobabilityofHZMBconcretestructureisbelow5%in120years’designservicelife.1.項(xiàng)目概況Description需求引導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)，預(yù)先編制項(xiàng)目營(yíng)運(yùn)及維護(hù)準(zhǔn)則，重視結(jié)構(gòu)的可維可達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)。

HZMBprojectisademand-guidingdesign,operationandmaintenancecriterionisdevelopedinadvanceandsignificantimportanceisattachedtodesignofstructurewithrequiredmaintainabilityandaccessibility.基于全壽命周期成本管理要求的設(shè)計(jì)方法。

DesignmethodofHZMBprojectisbasedonwholelifecyclecostmanagementrequirements.環(huán)保設(shè)計(jì)（嚴(yán)格控制阻水比和對(duì)白海豚的干擾等）。

Environmentaldesign(Waterblockageratioanddisturbancetowhitedolphinarestrictlycontrolled).珠海側(cè)接線Zhuhai,SideLinks

珠澳口岸Zhuhai-MacauBCFartificialIsland

主體工程

MainBridgeProject香港側(cè)接線HongKongSideLink2.橋梁設(shè)計(jì)方案Bridgedesign青州航道橋推薦方案采用中國(guó)結(jié)塔雙索面鋼箱梁斜拉橋TherecommendedQingzhouChannelBridgeis“ChineseKnot”towerwithdoublecableplanessteelboxgirdercable-stayedbridge.

橋跨布置：110+126+458+126+110=930mBridgespansarrangement:110+126+458+126+110=930m2.橋梁設(shè)計(jì)方案Bridgedesign江海直達(dá)船航道橋推薦方案為三塔獨(dú)柱中央索面鋼箱梁斜拉橋TherecommendedconceptforJiang-HaiChannelBridgeisthree-tower-single-columncentralcableplanesteelboxgirdercablestayedbridge.橋跨布置：129＋258＋258＋129＝774mBridgespansarrangement:129＋258＋258＋129＝774m2.橋梁設(shè)計(jì)方案Bridgedesign九洲航道橋推薦方案采用雙塔獨(dú)柱中央索面鋼箱梁斜拉橋TherecommendedJiuzhouChannelBridgeisdouble-tower-single-columncentralcableplanesteelboxgirdercable-stayedbridge.

橋跨布置：85+127.5＋268＋127.5+85＝693mBridgespansarrangement:85+127.5＋268＋127.5+85＝693m2.橋梁設(shè)計(jì)方案Bridgedesign深水區(qū)非通航孔橋Non-navigationalchannelbridgeindeepwaterarea整幅鋼箱連續(xù)梁，110m一孔、6孔一聯(lián)；總長(zhǎng)14.22kmSinglesteelboxgirdercontinuousframe,110mspanand6spansforeachframe,totallengthis14.22m.為配合單墩布置，推薦方案為單箱雙室鋼箱梁，大懸臂結(jié)構(gòu)

Incoordinationwithdistributionofsinglepier,single-box-double-cellularsteelgirderoptionwithlargecantileveroptionisrecommended.深水區(qū)非通航孔橋下部結(jié)構(gòu)Substructureofnon-navigationalchannelbridgeindeepwaterarea首次采用鋼管復(fù)合樁基礎(chǔ)，每墩6根樁基礎(chǔ)（直徑2.2米-2.0米)。Firstuseofsteelpipecompositepilefoundation,eachpierisfurnishedwith6piles(2.2-2.0mindiameter).預(yù)制承臺(tái)及空心橋墩，承臺(tái)的預(yù)制安裝是本橋的難點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)。

Pre-castpilecapandhollowbridgepier,pre-castandpilecapinstallationofHZMBarekeyanddifficultpoints.2.橋梁設(shè)計(jì)方案Bridgedesign本橋?qū)⒋罅繎?yīng)用減隔震支座。

Massiveseismicbaseisolationbearingswillbeusedforthisbridge.淺水區(qū)非通航孔橋Non-navigationalChannelBridgeinshallowarea目前為組合梁的方案，85m一孔，6孔一聯(lián)；總長(zhǎng)5.44kmCurrentlyiscombinationgirderbridgeoption,85mspanand6spansforeachframe,totallengthis5.44Km.初步設(shè)計(jì)方案采用單箱單室組合梁。Single-box-single-cellularcombinationgirderisrecommendedinpreliminarydesignoption.2.橋梁設(shè)計(jì)方案Bridgedesign東人工島結(jié)合部非通航孔橋、西人工島結(jié)合部非通航孔橋、珠澳口岸人工島連接橋Non-navigationalbridgeatconnectionpartwitheasternartificialisland,non-navigationalbridgeatconnectionpartwithwesternartificialislandandconnectionbridgeofZhuhai-MacauBCFartificialisland.2.橋梁設(shè)計(jì)方案Bridgedesign在初步設(shè)計(jì)階段，從控制工程造價(jià)出發(fā)，鋼橋面暫采用環(huán)氧瀝青混凝土鋪裝，混凝土橋面暫采用SMA鋪裝。最終鋪裝方案將參考相關(guān)的專題研究成果確定2.橋梁設(shè)計(jì)方案Bridgedesign橋面鋪裝青州航道橋：斜拉索采用箱梁外側(cè)錨固的雙索面扇形索，每個(gè)塔上有14對(duì)斜拉索，梁上索距為15m，塔上索距為3m、3.5m、4m、4.5m等；采用平行鋼絲成品斜拉索，型號(hào)為PES7-127～223，最大索長(zhǎng)約265m。塔上斜拉索錨固于塔柱內(nèi)，采用鋼錨箱式錨固方案。梁上斜拉索錨固于鋼箱梁外側(cè)邊腹板上，采用錨箱式錨固。采用塔端張拉斜拉索。江海直達(dá)船航道橋：斜拉索順橋向間距為12m，立面呈豎琴形平行索布置。吊索在索塔側(cè)的錨固采用鋼錨梁，梁上的錨固采用鋼錨箱，橫橋向的每對(duì)拉索在梁上均錨固于主梁中央的兩道內(nèi)側(cè)腹板上。斜拉索采用帶PE防護(hù)的平行鋼絲吊索，鋼絲直徑7mm。九州航道橋：風(fēng)帆塔采用單索面豎琴布置，拉索連接到橋面中心。由于拉索布置在行車道之間7米寬的結(jié)構(gòu)中，拉索檢查可以不中斷交通進(jìn)行，更換也可能如此。斜拉索采用帶PE防護(hù)的平行鋼絲吊索，鋼絲直徑7mm，抗拉強(qiáng)度不低于1770MPa。2.橋梁設(shè)計(jì)方案Bridgedesign斜拉索設(shè)計(jì)全長(zhǎng)5990m（不含橋隧過渡段，沉管段長(zhǎng)5664m，現(xiàn)澆暗埋段長(zhǎng)各

163m），建成后為世界最長(zhǎng)的沉管隧道Totallengthofimmersedtunnelis5990m(Excludingbridge-tunneltransitionalsection,immersedsectionandcutandcoversectionare5664mand163mlongrespectively),whichisthelongestimmersedtunnelintheworldoncecompleted.3.隧道設(shè)計(jì)方案Tunneldesign采用兩孔一管廊橫斷面，兩側(cè)為行車道孔，中間為綜合管廊，管廊內(nèi)分為三層：Two-tube-one-gallerycrosssectionisrecommendedincurrentphase,twosidesaretraffictubesandthemiddleisagallerywiththreelayers:上層為專用排煙通道。Thetoplayerisforsmokeextract.中層為安全橫通道，限界高2.2m。Themiddleisforsafetransversepassage,clearanceis2.2m.下層為電纜溝和海底泵房。Thebottomlayerisforcabletrenchandseabedpumphouses.3.隧道設(shè)計(jì)方案Tunneldesign沉管隧道縱斷面Longitudinalprofileofimmersedtunnel最大縱坡/坡長(zhǎng)：2.98%/990m，最小縱坡：0.3%；海中W形布置。Maxlongitudinalslope/slopelength:2.98%/990m,minlongitudinalslope:0.3%andW-shapedintheseabed.基槽：最大挖深約-46m。Foundationtrench:maximumexcavationdepthis-46m.沉管施工從西人島處單邊開始向東島逐節(jié)沉放沉管，并將最終接頭設(shè)于東島附近。

Theconstructionoftunnelstartsfromwesternartificialislandtowardstheeasternartificialislandandtheclosurejointislocatedatthevicinityofeasternartificialisland.

3.隧道設(shè)計(jì)方案Tunneldesign管節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)、接頭、防水Elementstructure,jointandwaterproof:推薦采用節(jié)段式管節(jié)Segmentelementisrecommended,itsadvantagesare:strongadaptabilitytostratumandsiltation,goodformanagementinconstruction.共32個(gè)管節(jié)，每節(jié)長(zhǎng)180米，由8×22.5m管段組成。Total32elements,each180mlongandconsistsof8*22.5msegments.管節(jié)間接頭采用傳統(tǒng)的：GINA+OMEGA+剪切鍵。ElementsareconnectedwithtraditionalGINA+OMEGA+shearkeyatthejoints小節(jié)段間接頭采用“可膨漲密封條+OMEGA密封條+剪力鍵”方案。Segmentsareconnectedwith“inflatableseal+OMEGAseal+shearkey”O(jiān)ption.管節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)自防水。Elementstructureselfwaterproof.3.隧道設(shè)計(jì)方案Tunneldesign沉管基槽開挖、回填及地基加固Excavation,backfillofimmersedtunnelfoundationtrenchandfoundationimprovement:沉管基礎(chǔ)墊層推薦采用先鋪碎石整平層，為保證沉管均勻沉降。

Gravelfoundationisrecommendedforimmersedtunnelforelementevensettlement.根據(jù)地質(zhì)情況及受載分段采用加固方案，共打入鋼管樁13170根。

Foundationimprovementmethodisusedaccordingtogeologicalconditionsandsectionalloading,andtotal13170pileswillbedriven.3.隧道設(shè)計(jì)方案Tunneldesign干塢及系泊方案Drydockandmooringconcept:采用3+3方案。Drydock:3+3plan.并列2個(gè)干塢。Twoparalleldrydocks.單塢同時(shí)預(yù)制3個(gè)管節(jié)。Threeelementsareprecastinonedrydockatthesametime.干塢長(zhǎng)260m，寬432m。Drydocklength260m,width432m.陸域挖方:288.1萬(wàn)方。

Landexcavationvolume:2.881millioncubicmeters.水下炸礁：23萬(wàn)方。Underwaterrockblasting:0.23millioncubicmeters.水下挖泥：179.2萬(wàn)方。Underwatersoilexcavation:1.792millioncubicmeters.邊坡支護(hù)：4.95萬(wàn)平米。Sideslopeprotection:49.4thousandsquaremeters.3.隧道設(shè)計(jì)方案Tunneldesign東人工島總體方案Generalconceptofeasternartificialisland:東人工島采用“蠔貝”主題外形，總面積為101973m2，島長(zhǎng)625m，寬225m。除了養(yǎng)護(hù)救援功能外，附加服務(wù)功能。島上共分養(yǎng)護(hù)管理區(qū)、隧道過渡區(qū)、互通區(qū)和附屬設(shè)施區(qū)。Theeasternartificialislandfollowsthe“oyster”shape,generalareais101973m2,andislandis625mlongand225mwide.Thehand-overlevelofislandis5m,italsohasservicefunctionsbesidesrescueandmaintenance.Theislandisdividedintomaintenanceandmanagementzone,tunneltransitionalzone,interchangezoneandauxiliaryfacilityzone.4.人工島設(shè)計(jì)方案

Artificialislanddesign西人工島總體方案Generalconceptofwesternartificialisland:西人工島采用“蠔貝”主題外形，總面積97962m2，島長(zhǎng)625m，島寬185m。西人工島以管理功能為主，設(shè)置運(yùn)營(yíng)、養(yǎng)護(hù)、救援站。Thewesternartificialislandfollowsthe“oyster”shape,inareaof97962m2,andislandis625mlongand185mwide.ThedistancefromtheeasternsideoftheartificialislandtoLing-Dingwestchannelis2018m.Thewesternartificialislandismainlyformanagementandfurnishedwithoperation,maintenanceandrescuestations.島上分為養(yǎng)護(hù)管理區(qū)、隧道過渡區(qū)、互通區(qū)和附屬設(shè)施區(qū)，各區(qū)集中布置。Thewesternartificialislandisdividedintomaintenanceandmanagementzone,tunneltransitionalzone,interchangezoneandauxiliaryfacilityzone,andallzoneswillbedistributedinaconcentratedway.4.人工島設(shè)計(jì)方案

Artificialislanddesign島隧結(jié)合部推薦采用干法施工，即形成部分島域后再施工暗埋段作為止推段；根據(jù)隧道總體施工安排，要求西島開工后27個(gè)月具備沉管首節(jié)管節(jié)下沉條件。Thetunnel-islandconnectionpartisrealizedwithdryconstructionmethod,i.e,constructsthecut&coversectionforanti-thrustingafterformationofsmallisland;accordingtogeneralscheduleofisland&tunnelconstruction,itrequiresthatthereshallbeconditionsforimmersionofthefirstelement27monthsafterconstructioncommencement.4.人工島設(shè)計(jì)方案

Artificialislanddesign西島：分為“小島”、“大島”兩部分填筑。Westernartificialisland:willbeconstructedwith“SmallIsland”and“bigisland”separately.東島：對(duì)接時(shí)間靠后，東島一次填筑完成。

Easternartificialisland:theconnectiontimewillbeinlaterphaseandconstructedinonetime.西島小島采用格形鋼板樁圍堰圍水兼圍護(hù)。

Thesmallislandofwesternartificialislandusescellularsteelsheetpileascofferdam.4.人工島設(shè)計(jì)方案

Artificialislanddesign島壁結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案采用拋石斜坡堤Ribrubbermoundisrecommendedfortheseadefensestructuredesign.4.人工島設(shè)計(jì)方案

Artificialislanddesign島壁區(qū)：開挖換填中粗砂振沖密實(shí)+擠密砂樁+排水砂樁

島內(nèi)吹填區(qū)：部分開挖換填中粗砂振沖密實(shí)+排水砂井4.人工島設(shè)計(jì)方案

Artificialislanddesign地基處理方案Foundationtreatment5.前期工作

AdvanceWork

1、2003年8月，國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)開展港珠澳大橋項(xiàng)目前期工作，并同意成立由香港特區(qū)政府作為召集人、粵港澳三方組成的“港珠澳大橋前期工作協(xié)調(diào)小組”，負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)調(diào)該項(xiàng)目前期工作有關(guān)事宜，港珠澳大橋項(xiàng)目的前期工作正式開始啟動(dòng)。InAugust2003,theStateCouncilapprovedtocarryoutadvanceworkfortheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacauBridge(HZMB)project,andagreedtoestablishthe“HZMBAdvanceWorkCoordinationGroup(AWCG)”whichconsistsofthreegovernmentsofGuangdong,HongKong,andMacau,andtheHongKongSARGovernmentistheconvener.AWCGisinchargeofcoordinatingrelatedadvanceworkofthisproject.SincethattheadvanceworkofHZMBprojecthasofficiallycommenced.5.前期工作

AdvanceWork

2、為進(jìn)一步加快港珠澳大橋項(xiàng)目前期工作，2006年12月，國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)成立了由國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委牽頭的“港珠澳大橋?qū)Ｘ?zé)小組”，負(fù)責(zé)項(xiàng)目前期工作中重大問題的協(xié)調(diào)。InordertofurtherspeeduptheadvanceworkofHZMBproject,inDecember2006,theStateCouncilapprovedtheformationoftheHZMBTaskForcewhichwasledbytheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionandwasresponsibleforthecoordinationofsignificantissuesintheadvanceworkoftheproject.3、2005年4月，國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委主持召開了港珠澳大橋橋位技術(shù)方案論證會(huì)，確定了大橋兩岸的登陸點(diǎn)，推薦采用北線橋隧組合方案InApril2005,theNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionconvenedanExpertPanelontheHZMBAlignmentwhichrecommendedtheNorthernAlignmentoftheBridge-cum-tunneloption.Itwasalsodecidedtheland