機(jī)械精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)基礎(chǔ)

COMPREHENSIVECHINESE-ENGLISHDICTIONARYForMechanicalPrecisionDesignandVerificationBasic機(jī)械精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)根底漢英綜合詞匯楊青編著西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)機(jī)械與電子工程學(xué)院2007年3月專業(yè)英語(yǔ)是高等院校學(xué)生必須掌握的根本知識(shí)和技能。為了適應(yīng)雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)的需要，使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)知識(shí)的同時(shí)，熟悉和掌握相關(guān)專業(yè)的英語(yǔ)詞匯，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生較熟練地應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的能力，提高專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的水平，為今后從事相關(guān)專業(yè)的工作奠定一定根底，特編撰本“漢英綜合詞匯〞輔助教材。本教材根據(jù)“機(jī)械精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)根底〞課程的主要章節(jié)及內(nèi)容，選編、翻譯了700多條專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯。其中包括了互換性原理、測(cè)量技術(shù)根底、機(jī)械零件幾何參數(shù)的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)、典型零件的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)，以及尺寸鏈設(shè)計(jì)、統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)與質(zhì)量控制等內(nèi)容。在教材選編過(guò)程中，作者盡量選用了國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中定義術(shù)語(yǔ)的專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯，并參考了國(guó)外同類學(xué)科教科書中相應(yīng)的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。本教材不僅可作為高等院校機(jī)械工程類各專業(yè)的教學(xué)參考書，對(duì)從事機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造、幾何精度檢測(cè)及質(zhì)量控制等方面的工程技術(shù)人員也有一定參考應(yīng)用價(jià)值。由于編者水平有限，書中難免存在疏漏和不當(dāng)之處，敬請(qǐng)讀者批評(píng)指正。編者2007年3月

第一章緒論1第二章圓柱結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)3第三章測(cè)量技術(shù)根底5第四章形狀和位置精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)8第五章外表粗糙度與檢測(cè)10第六章滾動(dòng)軸承與孔、軸結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)10第七章圓錐結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)11第八章鍵和花鍵結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)12第九章螺紋結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)13第十章圓柱齒輪精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)14第十一章尺寸鏈17第十二章統(tǒng)計(jì)檢測(cè)與質(zhì)量控制18第一章緒論Chapter1Introduction機(jī)械精度設(shè)計(jì)mechanicalprecisiondesign檢測(cè)根底verificationbasic測(cè)量技術(shù)measurementtechniques互換性interchangeability互換性原那么principleofinterchangeability互換性種類typesofinterchangeability外互換externalinterchange內(nèi)互換internalinterchange完全互換completeinterchange不完全互換limitedinterchange公差tolerance幾何量公差toleranceofgeometricalquantity幾何量檢測(cè)verificationofgeometricalquantity標(biāo)準(zhǔn)standard技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)technicalstandard國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)〔GB〕nationalstandard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化standardization系列化seriation通用化generalization實(shí)際幾何參數(shù)actualgeometricalparameters理論幾何參數(shù)theoreticalgeometricalparameters產(chǎn)品product組件groupware部件component零件part批量產(chǎn)品mass-products規(guī)格相同samestandard輔助加工修配裝配生產(chǎn)原那么assistantmachiningrepairingassemblingproductionprinciple滿足技術(shù)要求和使用性能meettotechnicalrequirementsanduseperformances簡(jiǎn)化設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)縮短維修周期降低本錢產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化品種規(guī)格系列零部件通用化幾何參數(shù)使用功能相同規(guī)格國(guó)軍標(biāo)〔GJB〕simplifydesignautomatedmanufacturingshortenthemaintaincyclereducethecoststandardizationofproductqualityseriationofvarietyspecificgeneralizationofcomponentsgeometricalparametersfunctionofusagesamespecificationnationalmilitarystandard推薦執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)〔GB／T〕nationalstandard／recommendation優(yōu)先數(shù)優(yōu)先數(shù)系十進(jìn)等比數(shù)列根本系列補(bǔ)充系列變形系列派生系列位移系列復(fù)合系列項(xiàng)數(shù)選用規(guī)那么十進(jìn)段常數(shù)優(yōu)先數(shù)值preferrednumberseriesofpreferrednumbersdecimalgeometricproportionnumbersbasicseriescomplementaryseriesdeformationseriesderiveseriesdisplacementseriescomplexseriesnumbersoftermselectingprincipledecimalrangeconstantpreferrednumericalvalue理論值計(jì)算值常用值化整值theoryvaluecalculatingvaluecommonvaluemodifyingvalue第二章圓柱結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)Chapter2PrecisionDesignandVerification定義forCylindricalPartsConnectiondefinitions術(shù)語(yǔ)terms，nomenclature孔hole軸shaft尺寸size根本尺寸basicsize實(shí)際尺寸actualsize極限尺寸limitsofsize最大極限尺寸maximumlimitsofsize最小極限尺寸minimumlimitsofsize偏差deviation實(shí)際偏差actualdeviation極限偏差limitdeviation上偏差upperdeviation下偏差lowerdeviation公差帶tolerancezone公差帶大小dimensionoftolerancezone公差帶位置positionoftolerancezone零線zeroline配合fit間隙clearance過(guò)盈interference間隙配合clearancefit過(guò)盈配合過(guò)渡配合最小間隙最大間隙平均間隙最小過(guò)盈最大過(guò)盈平均過(guò)盈配合公差基準(zhǔn)制基孔制基軸制基準(zhǔn)孔基準(zhǔn)軸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)公差公差單位公差等級(jí)尺寸分段過(guò)盈配合過(guò)渡配合最小間隙最大間隙平均間隙最小過(guò)盈最大過(guò)盈平均過(guò)盈配合公差基準(zhǔn)制基孔制基軸制基準(zhǔn)孔基準(zhǔn)軸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)公差公差單位公差等級(jí)尺寸分段根本偏差標(biāo)準(zhǔn)公差系列根本偏差系列軸的根本偏差孔的根本偏差通用規(guī)那么特殊規(guī)那么常用公差帶優(yōu)先公差帶一般公差帶常用配合優(yōu)先配合代號(hào)interferencefittransitionfitminimumclearancemaximumclearanceaverageclearanceminimuminterferencemaximuminterferenceaverageinterferencevariationoffitbasictolerancingsystemholebasicsystemshaftbasicsystembasicholebasicshaftstandardtolerancetoleranceunitgradesoftolerancesizestepsfundamentaldeviationseriesofstandardtoleranceseriesoffundamentaldeviationfundamentaldeviationforshaftfundamentaldeviationforholegeneralrulespecialrulecommonrecommendationfortolerancezonepreferredselectionfortolerancezonegeneralrecommendationfortolerancezonecommonrecommendationforfitpreferredselectionforfitsymbol

公差帶代號(hào)配合代號(hào)標(biāo)注計(jì)算公式公差與配合的選擇配合的計(jì)算與選擇工作量規(guī)校對(duì)量規(guī)不確定性平安公差帶代號(hào)配合代號(hào)標(biāo)注計(jì)算公式公差與配合的選擇配合的計(jì)算與選擇工作量規(guī)校對(duì)量規(guī)不確定性平安裕度驗(yàn)收極限通規(guī)至規(guī)塞規(guī)卡規(guī)環(huán)規(guī)板規(guī)可調(diào)節(jié)量規(guī)量規(guī)公差帶量規(guī)公差磨損公差磨損極限不確定度的允許值泰勒原那么評(píng)定參數(shù)光滑極限量規(guī)notationcalculationformulateselectionoftoleranceandfitcalculationandselectionoffitworkshopgaugecheckinggaugeuncertaintysafetymarginlimitsofacceptancegogaugenotgogaugepluggauge，pingaugesnaporgapringgaugecalipergaugeadjustablecalipergaugetolerancezoneofgaugegaugetolerancewearallowancewearlimitsallowanceofuncertaintyTaylorprincipleevaluationparametersplainlimitgauge第三章測(cè)量技術(shù)根底Chapter3MeasurementTechnologyBasic測(cè)量 measurement被測(cè)幾何量 measuredgeometricalquantity測(cè)量單位測(cè)量方法測(cè)量方程測(cè)量溫度測(cè)量條件測(cè)量范圍測(cè)量基準(zhǔn)計(jì)量器具直接測(cè)量間接測(cè)量絕對(duì)測(cè)量相對(duì)測(cè)量接觸測(cè)量非接觸測(cè)量測(cè)量誤差系統(tǒng)誤差隨機(jī)誤差粗大誤差測(cè)量單位測(cè)量方法測(cè)量方程測(cè)量溫度測(cè)量條件測(cè)量范圍測(cè)量基準(zhǔn)計(jì)量器具直接測(cè)量間接測(cè)量絕對(duì)測(cè)量相對(duì)測(cè)量接觸測(cè)量非接觸測(cè)量測(cè)量誤差系統(tǒng)誤差隨機(jī)誤差粗大誤差unitofmeasurementmethodofmeasurementfunctionofmeasurementmeasuringtemperaturemeasuringconditionmeasuringrangemeasuringdatummeasuringinstrumentdirectmeasurementindirectmeasurementabsolutemeasurementrelativemeasurementcontactmeasurementnon-contactmeasurementerrorofmeasurementsystematicerrorrandomerrorparasiticerror剩余誤差〔剩余誤差〕residualerror準(zhǔn)確度精密度靈敏度重復(fù)精度分度值correctnessaccuracysensitivityrepeatabilityvalueofascaledivision精密度precision修正量量值長(zhǎng)度基準(zhǔn)尺寸傳遞激光光波correctionvalueofaquantitylengthstandarddimensiontransferlatherlightwave波長(zhǎng)wavelength米制metricsystem米meter毫米micrometer微米micron英制Englishsystem英尺foot英寸inch量塊gaugeblockV-形塊V-block平板planetable坐標(biāo)工作臺(tái)coordinatetable旋轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)rotarytable水平儀level準(zhǔn)式水平儀framespiritlevel傾斜式水平儀tiltinglevel光學(xué)平行平晶parallelopticalflat光學(xué)平面平晶planeopticalflat游標(biāo)尺venirescale游標(biāo)卡尺venirecaliper游標(biāo)千分尺veniremicrometer游標(biāo)深度尺venire-depthgage游標(biāo)高度尺venire-heightgage內(nèi)徑千分尺insidemicrometer外徑千分尺outsidemicrometer指示表dialindicator比擬儀comparator機(jī)械比擬儀mechanicalcomparator光學(xué)比擬儀opticalcomparator電感比擬儀electroniccomparator干預(yù)儀interferometer工具顯微鏡toolmaker'smicroscope大型工具顯微鏡large-toolmaker'smicroscope萬(wàn)能工具顯微鏡universal-toolmaker'smicroscope光切顯微鏡lightsectionmicroscope外表粗糙顯微鏡surfaceroughnessmicroscope測(cè)量機(jī)measuringmachine坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)coordinatemeasuringmachine萬(wàn)能測(cè)量機(jī)universalmeasuringmachine萬(wàn)能輪廓投影儀universalprofileprojector目鏡eyepieceocular物鏡objectgrass放大倍數(shù)magnification第四章形狀和位置精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)Chapter4PrecisionDesignandVerificationforGeometricalTolerances形位公差geometricaltolerances形狀公差fromtolerances定向公差orientationtolerances定位公差locationtolerances跳動(dòng)公差run-outtolerances直線度公差straightnesstolerance平面度公差flatnesstolerance圓度公差circularity(roundness)tolerance圓柱度公差cylindricitytolerance線輪廓度公差profiletoleranceofanyline面輪廓度公差profiletoleranceofanysurface平行度公差parallelismtolerance垂直度公差perpendicularitytolerance傾斜度公差angularitytolerance同軸度公差coaxialitytolerance對(duì)稱度公差位置度公差圓跳動(dòng)公差全跳動(dòng)公差被測(cè)要素理想要素實(shí)際要素基準(zhǔn)要素單一要素關(guān)聯(lián)要素單一基準(zhǔn)基準(zhǔn)體系最大實(shí)體狀態(tài)最小實(shí)體狀態(tài)實(shí)效狀態(tài)最大實(shí)體邊界實(shí)效邊界最大實(shí)體尺寸最小實(shí)體尺寸實(shí)效尺寸作用尺寸理論正確尺寸公差原對(duì)稱度公差位置度公差圓跳動(dòng)公差全跳動(dòng)公差被測(cè)要素理想要素實(shí)際要素基準(zhǔn)要素單一要素關(guān)聯(lián)要素單一基準(zhǔn)基準(zhǔn)體系最大實(shí)體狀態(tài)最小實(shí)體狀態(tài)實(shí)效狀態(tài)最大實(shí)體邊界實(shí)效邊界最大實(shí)體尺寸最小實(shí)體尺寸實(shí)效尺寸作用尺寸理論正確尺寸公差原那么相關(guān)原那么獨(dú)立原那么最大實(shí)體原那么包容原那么最小條件最小區(qū)域檢測(cè)原理綜合量規(guī)symmetrytolerancepositiontolerancecircularrun-outtolerancetotalrun-outtolerancetolerancedfeaturetruefeaturereal(actual)featuredatumfeaturesinglefeaturerelatedfeaturesingledatumdatumsystemmaximummaterialconditionleastmaterialconditionvirtualconditionboundaryofmaximummaterialconditionboundaryvirtualconditionmaximummaterialsizeleastmaterialsizevirtualsizematingsizetheoreticallyexactdimensiontolerancingprinciplesprincipleofcorrelationprincipleofindependencemaximummaterialprincipleenvelopeprincipleminimumconditionminimumzoneprincipleofverificationfunctionalgauge

第五章外表粗糙度與檢測(cè)Chapter5外表粗糙度取樣長(zhǎng)度SurfaceroughnessandVerificationsurfaceroughnesssamplinglength評(píng)定長(zhǎng)度evaluationlength輪廓最小二乘中線leastsquaremeanlineoftheprofile輪廓算術(shù)平均中線arithmeticalmeanlineoftheprofile外表加工紋理surfacelay輪廓峰頂線lineofprofilepeaks輪廓谷底線lineofprofilevalleys輪廓最大峰高maximumheightofprofilepeak輪廓最大谷深maximumdepthofprofilevalleys峰頂至峰谷高peaktovalleyheight輪廓算術(shù)平均偏差arithmeticalmeandeviationoftheprofile微觀不平度的十點(diǎn)高度tenpointheightofirregulation輪廓不平度最大高度maximumpeak-to-valleyheightoftheprofile輪廓不平度的平均間距 meanspacingofhighspots輪廓單峰的平均間距meanspacingoftwoconjunctivepeaks輪廓支撐長(zhǎng)度率bearingareaoftheprofile第六章滾動(dòng)軸承與孔、軸結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)Chapter6PrecisionDesignforConnectionofRollingBearingwithHoleandShaft滾動(dòng)軸承rollingbearing外圈outsidering內(nèi)圈internalring滾動(dòng)體rollingbodies保持架bearingspacer軸承內(nèi)徑bearingborediameter軸承外徑bearingoutsidediameter軸向間隙axialinternalclearance徑向間隙radialinternalclearance幾何精度geometricalaccuracy旋轉(zhuǎn)精度rotationalaccuracy外殼孔holeofhousing外殼孔肩shoulderofhousing軸徑neckofshaft軸肩shoulderofshaft軸承支架bearingbridge軸承箱bearingbox向心軸承centripetalbearing止推軸承thrustbearing滾珠軸承ballbearing滾柱軸承rollerbearing滾針軸承needlebearing圓錐輥?zhàn)虞S承cone-rollerbearing滾柱止推軸承ballthrustbearing滑動(dòng)軸承plainbearing對(duì)開軸承twopartbearing負(fù)荷〔重、一般、輕〕load〔heavy，normal，light〕當(dāng)量徑向負(fù)荷dynamicequivalentradialload額定動(dòng)負(fù)荷ratingdynamicload減速器decelerator,retarder第七章圓錐結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)Chapter7PrecisionDesignandVerificationforConnectionofCone根本圓錐實(shí)際圓錐實(shí)際圓錐直徑實(shí)際圓錐角basicconeactualconeactualconediameteractualconeangle極限圓錐limitcone極限圓錐直徑limitconediameter極限圓錐角limitconeangle圓錐直徑公差conediametertolerance圓錐直徑公差帶conediametertolerancezone圓錐角公差coneangletolerance圓錐角公差帶tolerancezonefortheconeangle給定截面圓錐直徑公差conesectiondiametertolerance給定截面圓錐直徑公差帶conesectiondiametertolerancezone錐度taper配合長(zhǎng)度lengthoffit基面矩distancebetweendatumsurfaces未注公差角度的極限偏差limitdeviationofanglewithouttoleranceindication圓錐公差conetolerance第八章鍵和花鍵結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)Chapter8PrecisionDesignandVerificationforConnectionofKeyandSpline鍵key平鍵flatkey花鍵spline鍵槽keyway，keyslot鍵長(zhǎng)keylength鍵寬keywide鍵側(cè)keyside鍵槽深depthofkeyway軸槽shaftkeyway輪槽bosskeyway軸槽公差帶tolerancezoneforshaftkeyway輪槽公差帶tolerancezoneforbosskeyway鍵寬公差帶tolerancezoneforkeywide矩形花鍵rectangularspline漸開線花鍵involutespline內(nèi)花鍵internalspline外花鍵externalspline花鍵軸splineshaft花鍵孔splinehole定心直徑diameterfordeterminingcentre定心外表surfacefordeterminingcentre較松聯(lián)結(jié)looserconnection一般聯(lián)結(jié)ordinaryconnection較緊聯(lián)結(jié)closerconnection累積誤差cumulativeerror多參數(shù)配合multipleparameterfit綜合公差compositetolerance補(bǔ)償公差compensativetolerance單項(xiàng)測(cè)量monomialmeasurement綜合檢測(cè)comprehensiveverification第九章螺紋結(jié)合的精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)Chapter9PrecisionDesignandVerificationforConnectionofScrewThread螺紋直徑threaddiameter大徑majordiameter小徑minordiameter頂徑crestdiameter底徑rootdiameter中徑pitchdiameter單一中徑singlepitchdiameter作用中徑mediumeffectivediameter螺距pitch牙型豐角flankangle旋合長(zhǎng)度lengthofengagement內(nèi)螺紋femalethreads外螺紋malethreads普通螺紋ordinarythread粗牙螺紋coarsethread細(xì)牙螺紋finethread螺紋公差screwtolerance螺母公差nuttolerance絲桿公差leadscrewtolerance外螺紋公差帶tolerancezoneofmalethreads內(nèi)螺紋公差帶tolerancezoneoffemalethreads螺紋公差等級(jí)tolerancegradeofscrewthread精密級(jí)finegrade中等級(jí)mediumgrade粗糙級(jí)coarsegrade螺紋副screwthreadpart螺紋量規(guī)screwthreadgauge螺紋塞規(guī)screwpluggauge螺紋量規(guī)公差帶tolerancezoneofscrewgauge第十章圓柱齒輪精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測(cè)Chapter10PrecisionDesignandVerificationforCylindricalgear齒輪gearwheel齒坯blank齒tooth齒頂addendum齒根dedendum齒高toothdepth齒厚toothwidth(thickness)齒間spacewidth齒數(shù)toothnumbers齒輪副gearpair嚙合matewith共軛conjugate節(jié)圓pitchcircle齒輪速比gearratio導(dǎo)角leadangle漸開線involute節(jié)線速度pitch-linevelocity線接觸linecontact直齒輪spurgear傘齒輪bevelgear直傘齒輪straightbevel螺旋傘齒輪spiralbevel偏軸傘齒輪hypoidgear斜齒輪helicalgear人字齒輪double-helicalgear平行軸齒輪parallel-shaftgear交叉軸齒輪crossed—xis儀表齒輪instrumentgear蝸輪蝸桿wormgears單頭蝸桿single-threadworms多頭蝸桿multiple-threadworms滾錐rollingcones齒輪箱gearbox殼體housing油封oilseal潤(rùn)滑劑lubrication熱膨脹thermalexpansion傳遞效率transmittingratio承載能力load-carryingcapacity齒輪偏差gear'sdeviation運(yùn)動(dòng)精度motionprecision平穩(wěn)性精度smoothnessprecision接觸精度contactingprecision齒側(cè)間隙backlash切向綜合誤差tangentialcompositeerror切向-齒綜合誤差tangentialtooth-to-toothcompositeerror徑向綜合誤差radialcompositeerror徑向-齒綜合誤差radialtooth-to-toothcompositeerror周節(jié)累積誤差totalcumulativepitcherrorK個(gè)周節(jié)累積誤差cumulativecircularpitcherroroverasectorofkpitches齒圈徑向跳動(dòng)radialrun-outofgear公法線長(zhǎng)度變動(dòng)variationofbasetangentlength齒形誤差totalprofileerror周節(jié)誤差circularpitchindividuallength基節(jié)誤差basepitcherror齒向誤差totalalignmenterror接觸線誤差contactlineerror軸向齒距偏差axialpitcherror螺旋線波度誤差helixwavinesserror齒厚偏差deviationofwidthofteeth公法線平均長(zhǎng)度偏差deviationofmeanlinetangentlengthoveragivennumberofteeth齒輪副的切向綜合誤差tangentialcompositeerrorofgearpair齒輪的切向-齒綜合誤差tangentialtooth-to-toothcompositeerrorofgearpair圓周側(cè)隙circularbacklash法向側(cè)隙normalbacklash齒輪副的接觸斑點(diǎn)contacttracksofgearpair齒輪副的中心矩偏差centerdistanceerrorofgearpairX方向軸線的平行度誤差inclinationerrorofaxesY方向軸線的平行度誤差deviationerrorofaxes第十一章尺寸鏈Chapter11Dimensionalchain尺寸鏈dimensionalchain環(huán)link封閉環(huán)closinglink組成環(huán)componentlink增環(huán)increasinglink減環(huán)decreasinglink補(bǔ)償環(huán)compensatinglink傳遞系數(shù)scalingfactor，transformationratio長(zhǎng)度尺寸鏈length-dimensionalchain角度尺寸鏈angulardimensionalchain裝配尺寸鏈assembledimensionalchain零件尺寸鏈partdimensionalchain工藝尺寸鏈technologicaldimensionalchain根本尺寸鏈basicdimensionalchain派生尺寸鏈deriveddimensionalchain標(biāo)量尺寸鏈scalardimensionalchain直線尺寸鏈lineardimensionalchain平面尺寸鏈planardimensionalchain空間尺寸鏈space-wisedimensionalchain尺寸鏈圖dimensionalchaindiagram長(zhǎng)度環(huán)lengthlink角度環(huán)angularlink環(huán)的特征characteristicsoflink計(jì)算參數(shù)parametersofcalculation計(jì)算方法methodsofcalculation互換法interchangemethod完全互換法completeinterchangemethod大數(shù)互換法large-numberinterchangemethod分組法groupingmethod調(diào)整法adjustingmethod修配法modifiedmethod平均偏差meandeviation中間偏差mediandeviation相對(duì)分布系數(shù)relativedistributioncoefficient相對(duì)不對(duì)稱系數(shù)relativenon-symmetricalcoefficient平均公差meantolerance極值公差extremetolerance統(tǒng)計(jì)公差statisticaltolerance平方公差squaretolerance當(dāng)量公差equivalenttolerance封閉環(huán)的分布與系數(shù)distributionandcoefficientofclosinglink組成環(huán)的分布與系數(shù)distributionandcoefficientofcomponentlink第十二章統(tǒng)計(jì)檢測(cè)與質(zhì)量控制Chapter12Statisticaltestandqualitycontrol事件隨機(jī)事件概率隨機(jī)變量隨機(jī)變量的概率分布分布函數(shù)連續(xù)隨機(jī)變量的概率密度函數(shù)eventrandomeventprobabilityrandomvariableprobabilitydistributionofarandomvariabledistributionfunctionprobabilitydensityfunctionforrandomvariableacontinuousrandomvariable離散隨機(jī)變量的概率二維分布多維分布邊緣分布條件分布概率分布的分位數(shù)probabilityforadiscreterandomvariablebivariatedistributionmultivariatedistributionmarginaldistributionconditionaldistributionfractileofaprobabilitydistribution中位數(shù)眾數(shù)隨機(jī)變量的期望〔均值〕中心隨機(jī)變量medianmodeexpectation〔mean〕ofarandomvariablecentredrandomvariable方差〔隨機(jī)變量的或概率分布的〕 variance〔ofarandomvariableorofaprobabilitydistribution標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差〔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差〕變異系數(shù)，變差系數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化隨機(jī)變量q階原點(diǎn)矩關(guān)于點(diǎn)a的q階矩q階中心矩相關(guān)〔q,s〕階聯(lián)合原點(diǎn)矩關(guān)于點(diǎn)〔a,b〕的〔q,s〕standarddeviationcoefficientofvariationstandardizedvariatemomentoforderqabouttheoriginmomentoforderqabouttheoriginacentredmomentoforderqcorrelationjointmomentofordersqandsabouttheorigin階聯(lián)合原點(diǎn)矩jointmomentofordersqandsabouttheorigin〔a,b〕〔q,s〕階聯(lián)合中心矩協(xié)方差相關(guān)系數(shù)回歸曲線回歸曲面均勻分布正態(tài)分布、高斯分布標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正態(tài)分布X2分布t分布,學(xué)生分布F分布對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布指數(shù)分布丫分布jointcentredmomentofordersqandscovariancecoefficientofcorrelationregressioncurveregressionsurfaceuniformdistributionnormaldistributionGaussdistributionstandardizednormaldistributionchi-squareddistributiont-distribution,studentdistributionFdistributionlog-normaldistributionexponententaildistributiongamma-distribution貢貝爾分布〔?型極值分布〕Gambeldistribution〔type?extremevalues

distribution)佛萊契分布(n型極值分布) Frechetdistributen(typenextremevaluesdistribution)威布爾分布(山型極值分布)Weibulldistribution(type山extremevalues二項(xiàng)分布負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布泊松分布二項(xiàng)分布負(fù)二項(xiàng)分布泊松分布超幾何分布二維正態(tài)分布二維高斯分布標(biāo)準(zhǔn)二維正態(tài)分布標(biāo)準(zhǔn)二維高斯分布多項(xiàng)分布個(gè)體總體特性，特征觀測(cè)值絕對(duì)值極差極差中值組組限組中值組矩頻數(shù)，絕對(duì)頻數(shù)累積頻數(shù)，絕對(duì)累積頻數(shù)頻率，相對(duì)頻率累積頻率頻率分布binomialdistributionnegativebinomialdistributionpsissondistributionhypergeometricdistributionbivariatenormaldistributionbivariateGaussdistributionstandardizedbivariatenormaldistributionstandardizedbivariateGaussdistributionmultinomialdistributionitem，individual，unitpopulationcharacteristicobservedvalueabsolutedifferencerangemidrangeclassclasslimitsmid-pointofclassclassintervalabsolutefrequencycumulativeabsolutefrequencyrelativefrequencycumulativerelativefrequencyfrequencydistribution

一維分布直方圖條形圖折線兩種方式表聯(lián)列表算術(shù)平均加數(shù)算術(shù)平均偏差平均偏差總體參數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)量次序統(tǒng)計(jì)量似然估計(jì)，估計(jì)值估計(jì)量總估計(jì)誤差抽樣誤差估計(jì)量的偏倚無(wú)偏估計(jì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差總體均值〔或概率分布期望〕univariatedistributionhistogrambardiagrampolygontwo-waytablecontingencytablearithmeticmeanweightedarithmeticaveragedeviationmeandeviationpopulationparameterstatisticorderstatisticlikelihoodestimation(ofparameter)estimate(ofparameter)estimatortotalestimationerrorsamplingerrorbiasofestimatorunbiasedestimatorstandarderror的估計(jì)estimationofthemeanofapopulation(oroftheexpectationofaprobabilitydistribution)總體(或概率分布)方差的估計(jì) estimationofthevarianceofapopulatio(nor雙側(cè)置信區(qū)間單側(cè)置信區(qū)間置信水平，置信系數(shù)置信限統(tǒng)計(jì)容許區(qū)間統(tǒng)計(jì)容許限aprobabilitydistribution)two-sidedconfidenceintervalone-sidedconfidenceintervalconfidencelevel，confidencecoefficientconfidencelimitstatisticaltoleranceintervalstatisticaltolerancelimits分布的擬合優(yōu)度goodnessoffitofadistribution統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)tatisticaltest原假設(shè)〔零假設(shè)〕nullhypothesis備擇假設(shè)alternativehypothesis簡(jiǎn)單假設(shè)simplehypothesis復(fù)合假設(shè)compositehypothesis參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)parametrictest-distribution非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)freetest-non-parametrictest檢驗(yàn)的操作特性曲線operatingcharacteristiccurveofatest〔檢驗(yàn)的OC曲線〕(OCcurveofatest)顯著性結(jié)果significantresultX2檢驗(yàn)chi-squaredtestT檢驗(yàn)t-test，studenttestF檢驗(yàn)F-test重復(fù)repetition隨機(jī)化randomization真值truevalue均值的準(zhǔn)確度accuracyofthemean精密度precision重復(fù)性repeatability再現(xiàn)性reproductability抽樣sampling樣本〔子樣〕sample抽樣單位samplingunit樣本大小samplesize有放回抽樣samplingwithreplacement無(wú)放回抽樣samplingwithoutreplacement簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣simplerandomsampling子樣本subsample對(duì)分樣本duplicatedsample分層抽樣stratifiedsampl