托福雅思分類詞匯

托福/雅思通用分類詞匯（共17類863個(gè)單詞）一、 psychology心理mental心理的physical身體的，物質(zhì)的，物理的spiritual心靈的conformity從眾majority多數(shù)人minority少數(shù)人thresholdjudgment（心理學(xué)）初始性判斷subject受實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象心理學(xué)psychology心理現(xiàn)象mentalphenomenon心理過程mentalprocess心理狀態(tài)mentalstate心理活動(dòng)mentalactivity意識(shí)consciousness內(nèi)部活動(dòng)internalactivity普通心理學(xué)generalpsychology實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)experimentalpsychology行為科學(xué)behavioralscience心身關(guān)系mind-bodyrelation遺傳heredity活動(dòng)理論activitytheory中央處理器模型centralprocessormodel信息儲(chǔ)存informationstorage人工智能artificialintelligence,AI計(jì)算機(jī)類比computeranalogy計(jì)算機(jī)模擬computersimulation計(jì)算機(jī)模型computermodel測謊器liedetector預(yù)期誤差anticipationerror正誤法methodofrightandwrongcases反應(yīng)response訪談法interviewmethod問卷法questionnaire表情法methodofexpression提示法anticipationmethod視覺vision瞳孔pupil可見光visiblelight顏色匹配colormatching顏色對(duì)比colorcontrast顏色混合colormixture加色混合additivecolormixture色弱colorweakness紅色弱redweakness色盲colorblindness紅色盲redblindness藍(lán)黃色盲blue-yellowblindness內(nèi)耳innerear中耳middleear反映reflection二、 geography地理geography地理geographer地理學(xué)家hemisphere半球meridian子午線，經(jīng)線parallel平行圈，緯線latitude經(jīng)度longitude精度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes溫帶地區(qū)horizon地平線equator赤道tropics熱帶地區(qū)Arctic北極Antarctic(Antarctica)南極expedition探險(xiǎn)timezone時(shí)區(qū)topography地形，地形學(xué)plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地區(qū)island島嶼continentalisland大陸島volcanicisland火山島coralisland珊瑚島islet小島/ailit/peninsular半島continent大陸continentalshelf大陸架ranges山脈valley峽谷canyon峽谷channel(strait)海峽remote-sensing遙感的terrestrial地球的，陸地的terrestrialheat(geothermal) 地?zé)醫(yī)errestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism) 地磁continentaldrift大陸漂移學(xué)說sea-floorspreading海床擴(kuò)展evaporation蒸發(fā)salinity含鹽度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物，沉積物tropical熱帶的temperate溫帶的frigid寒帶的formation形成frostheaving凍脹現(xiàn)象fieldstone卵石三、 geology地質(zhì)學(xué)geologist地質(zhì)學(xué)家crust地殼mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陸地殼oceaniccrust海洋地殼layer(stratum,復(fù)數(shù)strata)地層plate板塊fault斷層faultplane斷層面faultzone斷層帶rift(crack;split)斷裂disintegration(decomposition) 分解,崩潰erosion腐蝕fossil化石igneousrock火成巖sedimentaryrock沉積巖metamorphicrock變質(zhì)巖quartz石英/kwa:ts/limestone石灰?guī)rmarble大理石

granite花崗巖lithogenous巖成的lithosphere巖石圈magma巖漿mineral礦物ore礦石deposit礦床platinum白金，鉑silver銀copper黃銅aluminum鋁tin錫lead鉛zinc鋅nickel鎳mercury汞，水銀sodium鈉gem寶石diamond鉆石emerald綠寶石ruby紅寶石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期glacialdrift冰漬iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山噴發(fā)crater火山口lava火山巖漿volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山塵地震volcanicash火山灰地震earthquake(quake;tremor;seism)seismic地震的seismology地震學(xué)magnitude震級(jí)seismicwave地震波cataclysm災(zāi)變四、 anthropologist人類學(xué)家paleoanthropologist古人類學(xué)家ecologicalanthropologist生態(tài)人類學(xué)家psychologicalanthropologist心理人類學(xué)家origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人(科)homogeneous同一種族(種類)的tribe部落clan氏族archeologist考古學(xué)家excavation挖掘excavate(unearth)挖掘ruins遺跡，廢墟remains遺跡，遺骸artifact手工藝品relic遺物，文物antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老StoneAge石器時(shí)代BronzeAge(青)銅器時(shí)代IronAge鐵器時(shí)代Paleolithic舊石器時(shí)代的Mesolithic中石器時(shí)代的Neolithic新石器時(shí)代的archaeology考古學(xué)anthropology人類學(xué)morphology形態(tài)學(xué)skull顱骨cranial顱骨的五、 ecology生態(tài)學(xué)ecologist生態(tài)學(xué)家ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)balance(ofnature)自然界生態(tài)平衡fauna動(dòng)物群flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物鏈acidrain酸雨greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)infraredradiation紅外線輻射ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧層ultravioletradiation 紫外輻射pollution污染pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空氣污染waterpollution水污染noisepollution噪音污染soilpollution土壤污染pollution-free無污染pollutant污染物noxious(toxic)有毒的fumes(有毒)廢氣waste廢物solidwaste固體垃圾sewage(wastewater)污水sewagepurification污水凈化sewagedisposal污水處理decibel(噪音)分貝六、 meteorology氣象meteorology氣象meteorologist氣象學(xué)家forecast(predict)預(yù)報(bào)climate氣候atmosphere大氣層troposphere對(duì)流層current(氣)流vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸發(fā)damp(wet;moist;humid) 潮濕的humidity濕度moisture潮濕；水分saturate飽和dew露frost霜fog(mist)霧smog煙霧droplet小水珠condense濃縮crystal水晶體downpour(torrentialrain) 大雨tempest(storm)暴風(fēng)雨drizzle細(xì)雨shower陣雨hail冰雹blizzard(snowstorm)暴風(fēng)雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水，沉淀物，猛沖breeze微風(fēng)gale大風(fēng)/geil/whirlwind旋風(fēng)typhoon臺(tái)風(fēng)hurricane颶風(fēng)tornado(twister,cyclone) 龍卷風(fēng)funnel漏斗，漏斗云disaster(calamity,catastrophe)災(zāi)難devastation破壞，荒廢submerge淹沒drought旱災(zāi)七、 chemistry化學(xué)chemicalproperty化學(xué)特性，化學(xué)性質(zhì)chemicalcomposition(makeup) 化學(xué)成分chemicalagent化學(xué)試劑chemicalreaction化學(xué)反應(yīng)chemicalchange化學(xué)變化chemicalbond化學(xué)鍵chemicalapparatus化學(xué)器械substance(matter;material)物質(zhì)element元素periodictable周期表hydrogen氫oxygen氧nitrogen氮helium氦carbon碳calcium鈣silicon硅sulfur硫iodine碘compound化合物hydrocarbon碳?xì)浠衔飀erivative衍生物alchemy煉金術(shù)petroleum(oil)石油petroleumproducts石油產(chǎn)品crudeoil原油refine提煉，精煉gasoline汽油methane甲烷solution溶液dissolve溶解solvent溶劑solubility可溶性cohesive聚合力adhesive粘合力atom原子nucleus原子核electron電子neutron中子proton質(zhì)子molecule分子particle粒子ion離子particleaccelerator粒子加速器catalysis（復(fù)數(shù)catalyses）催化作用catalyst催化劑artificial人造的synthetic合成的syntheticfiber人造纖維polymer聚合物polymerization聚合作用plastic塑料dye染料cosmetics化妝品八、 physics物理physics物理mechanics力學(xué)thermodynamics熱力學(xué)acoustics聲學(xué)electromagnetism電磁學(xué)optics光學(xué)dynamics動(dòng)力學(xué)force力velocity速度acceleration加速度equilibrium平衡statics靜力學(xué)motion運(yùn)動(dòng)inertia慣性gravitation引力relativity相對(duì)gravity地心引力vibration震動(dòng)medium(media)媒質(zhì)frequency頻率wavelength波長pitch音高intensity強(qiáng)度echo回聲r(shí)esonance回聲，洪亮sonar聲納ultrasonics超聲學(xué)electricity電staticelectricity靜電magnetism磁性，磁力magnet磁體electromagnet電磁magneticfield磁場electriccurrent電流directcurrent(DC)直流電alternatingcurrent(AC)交流電electriccircuit電路electriccharge電荷electricvoltage電壓electricshock觸電electricappliance電器conductor導(dǎo)體insulator絕緣體semiconductor半導(dǎo)體battery(cell)電池drybattery干電池storagebattery蓄電池electronics電子學(xué)electronic電子的electroniccomponent(part) 電子零件integratedcircuit集成電路chip集成電器片，集成塊electrontube電子管vacuumtube真空管transistor晶體管amplification(名詞)放大amplify(動(dòng)詞)放大amplifier放大器，揚(yáng)聲器oscillation震蕩optical光(學(xué))的opticalfiber光學(xué)纖維lens透鏡，鏡片convex凸透鏡concave凹透鏡microscope顯微鏡telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡magnifier放大鏡spectrum光譜ultraviolet紫外線XraysX射線Gammarays丫射線infraredrays紅外線microwaves微波dispersion色散transparent透明的translucent半透明opaque不透明的九、 mathematics數(shù)學(xué)mathematics數(shù)學(xué)mathematician數(shù)學(xué)家arithmetic算術(shù)calculation計(jì)算calculator計(jì)算器abacus算盤numeral數(shù)字sum和total(sumtotal)總和，總數(shù)aggregate總計(jì)fraction分?jǐn)?shù)，小數(shù)decimal十進(jìn)位，(十進(jìn))小數(shù)digit數(shù)字，數(shù)位percentage百分比addition加法plus加上subtraction減法minus減去multiplication乘法multiplicationtable乘法表multiply乘以times乘以power乘方square平方division除法divide除以algebra代數(shù)quantity表示量的數(shù)(或符號(hào))equation方程式，等式formula公式，慣例root根geometry幾何geometric幾何的dimension維paralleladj.平行的n.平行線quadrilateral四邊形square正方形area面積rectangle長方形，矩形polygon多邊形cube立方形volume體積sphere球形circle圓形ellipse(oval)橢圓形cone圓錐形circumference圓周diameter直徑radius半徑triangle三角形angle角degree(角)度calculus微積分differentialcalculus微分學(xué)integralcalculus積分學(xué)function函數(shù)probability概率statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)quantitative量的，數(shù)量的qualitative質(zhì)的，質(zhì)量的deduction(inference)推論，演繹，扣除induction歸納十、agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)agriculture(farming)農(nóng)業(yè)agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的land(soil)土壤；土地soilconservation土壤保護(hù)soilerosion泥土流失silt粉砂，泥沙clay黏土，濕土clod土塊agrarian土地的，農(nóng)業(yè)的pilot(experimental)試驗(yàn)性的harrow(rake)耙，耙土ridge田埂furrow犁溝plot(patch)小塊地ranch農(nóng)場，牧場plantation種植園orchard果園nursery苗圃seedbed苗床sickle鐮刀spade鏟，鍬shovel(平頭)鏟pick稿tractor拖拉機(jī)cultivate(till)耕作sow(seed)播種harvest收割weed除草irrigate灌溉manure(fertilizer)肥料spray噴灑(農(nóng)藥)insecticide(pesticide)殺蟲劑pest害蟲rust銹病grain(cereal)谷物，谷粒granary(grainstore)糧倉mill碾，磨wheat小麥corn玉米rice大米barley大麥sorghum高粱oats燕麥rye黑麥millet粟，小米vegetable蔬菜horticulture園藝學(xué)hydroponics水栽法，營養(yǎng)液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse,hotbed)溫室cabbage洋白菜

lettuce生菜mustard芥菜spinach菠菜broccoli花椰菜cucumber黃瓜eggplant茄子pepper辣椒pumpkin南瓜tomato西紅柿beet甜菜carrot胡蘿卜radish小紅蘿卜pea豌豆soybean大豆celery芹菜garlic大蒜leek韭菜onion洋蔥頭potato土豆peanut花生sesame芝麻畜牧業(yè)cotton棉花畜牧業(yè)husbandry(animal,husbandry)pasture牧場livestock家畜fowl(poultry)家禽cattle牛，家畜buffalo野牛dairy(dairycattle)奶牛dairyfarm乳牛場hay(作飼料用)干草haystack干草堆fodder(feed)飼料trough飼料槽barn(shed)牲口槽stable廄，馬廄cowshed牛棚pigpen(hogpen,pigsty)豬圈sheepfold(sheeppen)羊欄roost(henhouse)雞舍fishfarm養(yǎng)魚場aquaculture水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖一、animal動(dòng)物Darvinism達(dá)爾文學(xué)說naturalselection自然選擇class綱order目family科genus屬suborder亞目species種invertebrate無脊椎動(dòng)物vertebrate脊椎動(dòng)物aquatic（life）水生動(dòng)物reptile爬行動(dòng)物amphibian（amphibiousanimal） 兩棲動(dòng)物dinosaur恐龍bird鳥類extinction滅絕mammal哺乳動(dòng)物primates靈長目動(dòng)物insect昆蟲antenna（復(fù)數(shù)antennae）觸須larva幼蟲，幼體camouflage偽裝pest害蟲worm蟲，蠕蟲hibernate冬眠lizard蜥蜴chameleon變色蜥蜴regeneration再生turtle龜beast野獸domesticate馴養(yǎng)predatory（carnivorous）食肉的predator捕食者prey（動(dòng)詞）捕食（名詞）被捕食的動(dòng)物scavenger食腐動(dòng)物migrate遷移wing翅膀，翼bill（鳥）嘴beak（鷹等的）嘴nest筑巢dolphin海豚whale鯨魚bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩habitat棲息地rodent嚙齒動(dòng)物（如松鼠）primate靈長動(dòng)物plankton浮游生物mollusk軟體動(dòng)物coelenterate腔腸動(dòng)物（如珊瑚）shrimp小蝦prawn對(duì)蝦lobster對(duì)蝦crab螃蟹clam蛤蜊sponge海綿coral珊瑚starfish海星canary金絲雀chirp（鳥，蟲的叫聲）唧唧squeak（老鼠等）吱吱porpoise海豚sloth樹懶slothful懶惰的hygiene衛(wèi)生sanitation衛(wèi)生parasite寄生蟲moth蛾caterpillar毛蟲hordes（昆蟲等）群swarms（昆蟲等）群flock（鳥，羊等）群community動(dòng)物的群落或人的部落herd獸群bunch（花等）束，捧beaver海貍monogamous一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper誘捕動(dòng)物者rhinoceros犀牛niche小生態(tài)環(huán)境vestige退化器官，遺跡oyster牡蠣fertilizer使?受精larvae幼蟲tentacle觸角homotherm恒溫動(dòng)物poikilotherm變溫動(dòng)物metabolism新陳代謝baboon狒狒breed（名詞）品種，（動(dòng)詞）繁殖multiply（reproduce）繁殖hatch孵spawn（魚、蝦、蛙等）孵offspring（young）解剖學(xué)anatomy解剖學(xué)appetite食欲creature生物microbe微生物herbivorous食草的carnivorous食肉的104.omnivorous雜事的十二、plant植物botany植物學(xué)botanist植物學(xué)家botanical（botanic）植物的plant植物aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant寄生植物root根canopy樹冠層，頂棚foliage（leaf）葉leaflet小葉rosette（葉的）叢生stem莖stalk桿leafstalk葉柄shoot（sprout）嫩芽，抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel（skin）果皮shell（硬）果殼husk（干）果殼；（玉米）苞葉trunk樹干branch樹枝bough大或者粗的樹枝twig小樹枝bark樹皮

jungle叢林lawn草坪meadow草地，牧場prairie大草原shrub(bush)灌木cluster一簇(灌木)fern蕨類植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用symbiosis共生wither(shrivel,fade)凋謝pollen花粉pollinate傳授花粉pollination授粉cell細(xì)胞tissue組織organ器官system系統(tǒng)seeds種子everlasting永久的orchid蘭花pollinate授粉crossbreed雜交shrub灌木sequoia紅杉rootpressure根壓cohesion-tension凝聚壓力bore腔，腸column花柱symbiotic共生的immunity免疫organism生物，有機(jī)物necrosis壞死barren貧瘠，糖類futile無用的，糖類carbohydrate(starch)碳水化合物(淀粉)glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白質(zhì)vitamin維他命c(diǎn)alorie卡路里(熱量單位)malnourished營養(yǎng)不良的nutrition營養(yǎng)十三、politics政治constitution憲法legislation立法Democrats民主黨Republicans共和黨Amendment修正案Congress美國國會(huì)Senate參議院HouseofRepresentatives眾議院monarchy君主制anarchism無政府主義federalsystem聯(lián)邦制presidentialsystem總統(tǒng)制municipal市的，市政的metropolitan大都市的centralized中央集權(quán)的ideology意識(shí)形態(tài)maneuver策略，演習(xí)tariff關(guān)稅immigrant移民institutionalize機(jī)構(gòu)化election選舉vote投票officeholding任職veto否決AmericanRevolution美國革命/獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭IndependenceWar美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭AmericanCivilWar美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)radical激進(jìn)的,根本的overturning顛覆性的independent獨(dú)立的breathtaking激動(dòng)人心的military軍事的colonize拓殖，殖民percapita人均treason叛國conspiracy陰謀imprisonment監(jiān)禁release釋放pardon特赦accusation譴責(zé)，指控welfare福利patronage資助，贊助unionization聯(lián)合，結(jié)合十四、education教育educator教育家highereducation高等教育moralcharacter道德品質(zhì)domain領(lǐng)域faculty全體教員alumni校友treasurer生活委員，財(cái)務(wù)大臣electivesystem選課制度curriculum課程(總稱)discipline學(xué)科，管理learnbyrote死記硬背十五、music音樂musicalinstrument樂器orchestra樂隊(duì)string弦樂wind管樂shookrattle搖撥浪鼓pounddrum擊鼓footbeat點(diǎn)腳，跺腳percussion震蕩，打擊樂器note音符score樂譜movement樂章fanatical狂熱的hillbillymusic鄉(xiāng)村音樂folkmusic民間音樂popmusic流行音樂classicalmusic古典音樂Jazz爵士樂十六、astronomy天文astronomy天文學(xué)astronomical天文的astronomicalobservatory天文臺(tái)astronomer天文學(xué)家astrophysics天文物理學(xué)astrology占星學(xué)pseudoscience偽科學(xué)cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙學(xué)infinite無限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙輻射cosmicrays宇宙射線celestial天的celestialbody(heavenlybody) 天體celestialmap(skyatlas)天體圖celestialsphere天球dwarf(dwarfstar)矮星quasar類星體，類星射電源constellation星座galaxy(MilkyWay)銀河系cluster星團(tuán)solarsystem太陽系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太陽輻射planet行星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)，繞轉(zhuǎn)twinkle閃爍nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Satur