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關(guān)于定語(yǔ)從句全英第一頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日1.Heisafamousscientist.2.who’sthatgirlinred?3.I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.4.Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.Payspecialattentiontotheunderlinedparts.Isthereanythingincommonbetweenthem?第二頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日Theattributiveclause(theadjectiveclause)

therestrictiveattributiveclausethenon-restrictiveattributiveclause

noun/pronoun+theattributiveclausetheantecedent(person/thing)

therelativepronouns/adverbs+clause第三頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日TheuseoftherelativepronounsForm1:therelativepronounsreferringtofunctionintheclausewhowhomthatwhichwhoseperson(s)

subject/objectperson(s)objectperson(s)/thing(s)subject/objectthing(s)subject/objectperson(s)/thing(s)(ofwhom/which)attributive第四頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日Theuseoftherelativeadverbstherelativeadverbsreferringtofunctionintheclausewhen(=at/in/onwhich)

where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)

timeadverbialoftimeplaceadverbialofplacereasonadverbialofreason第五頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日Practice:completethesentenceswithsuitablerelatives.1.Iknowthereason____(dá)hecamelate.2.Doyouknowthewoman,_____sonwenttocollegelastyear?3.Thehouse_____colorisredisjohn’s.4.Thisisthebestfilm_____(dá)I’veeverseen.5.That’sthetown___(dá)__heworkedin1987.6.Ihave2brothers,___(dá)__arebothsoldiers.7.Nextweek,_____(dá)_you’llspendinyourhometown,iscoming.8.I’vetried2pairsofshoes,neitherof____(dá)fitsmewell.whywhosewhosethatwherewhowhichwhich第六頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日Notice:Paymoreattentiontotheagreementbetweentheverbandtheantecedentinpersonandnumberintheattributiveclause,andthencompletethesentences:Those

who____togotothecinemamustbeattheschoolgateby3:30p.m.(want)2.Hewho___________thegreatwallisnotatrueman.(notreach)3.Sheistheonlyone

ofthegirlswho____beentoBeijing.(have)4.Heisoneoftheboyswho____seenthefilm.(have)wantdoesn’treachhashave第七頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日

Whenarelativepronounisusedasasubjectintheclause,theverbmustagreewiththeantecedentinpersonandnumber.(2)Whentheantecedentisthestructure“oneof+n.(pl.)”,theverbintheclausemustbeplural,agreeswiththepluralform.However,ifthereis“the”or“theonlyvery”before“one”,theverbintheclausemustbesingular,agreeswiththeword“one”.Conclusion1:第八頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日Practice:Completethefollowingsentenceswithsuitablerelatives:Thetime___________IwenttoTokyoisin1982.2.I’llneverforgetthetime_______(dá)___Ispentatcollege.3.Theshop_______(dá)___Iboughtthebookinisbig.4.Theshop___________(dá)__Iboughtthebookisbig.Conclusion2:whentheantecedentisanounfortimeorplace“when”or“where”isnotalwaysusedtointroducetheclause.Itdependsonthefunctionoftherelativewordintheclause.when/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwhere/inwhich第九頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日TheDifferenceBetween“that”and“which”.Completethefollowingsentenceswith

“that”or“which”.Thisisthe2ndarticle____IhavewritteninEnglish.2.Itisthebestfilm_____hehaseverseen.3.Thisistheverybook_____Iwanttoread.4.All____theytoldmesurprisedme.5.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschools_____theyhadvisited.thatthatthatthatthat第十頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日6.Whoisthecomrade______wasthere?7.Thereisabedintheroom_____isstillvacant.8.Ourvillageisnolongertheplace_______itusedtobe.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof_______hadn’tbeencleanedatleastayear.10.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.11.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,through_______hecouldseewhatwasgoingoninsidethehouse.thatthatthatwhichwhichwhich第十一頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日Conclusion3:

Whentheantecedentreferstothing(s),“that”isoftenusedinthefollowingcases:(1)Afterordinalnumberandsuperlatives(2)Afterthefollowingwords:all,only,little,few,much,very,none,last,just,any(thing),every(thing),some(thing),no(thing).(3)Aftertwoormoreantecedents,referringtobothperson(s)andthing(s).(4)Afterinterrogativepronouns“which”or“who”.第十二頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日(5)Whentherelativepronounisusedasapredictiveintheclause.(6)Whenthemainclausebeginswith“therebe”.Inthefollowingcases,“which”isalwaysused.

①Afterprepositions

②tointroduceanon-restrictiveattributiveclause.

③Thewholemainsentenceisthe“antecedent”oftherelativeclause,andthereisalwaysacomma.第十三頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日Tellmethereason____youwerelateforclass.2.Whoisthegirl_____isspeakingthere?3.ThisisMr.Smith,_____hassomethinginterestingtotellyou.4.Thecomputer________CPUdoesn’tworkhastoberepaired.whythatwhowhoseFillintheblankswithsuitablerelativestocompletethefollowingsentences.第十四頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日5.Thiskindofcomputer,_____iswell-known,isoutofdate.6.Thisisjusttheplace___I’vebeenlongingtovisitforyears.7.Hismotherisanengineer,____makeshimveryproud.8.Theoldmanhas4sons,threeof____aredoctors.whichthatwhichwhom第十五頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日1.Theearthisround,_________isknowntoall.2.____isknowntoall,theearthisroundas具有“正如”之意,搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的,如:asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpectedwhichAs第十六頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日一、從詞類上區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等表示抽象意義的名詞。而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或整個(gè)主句。如:Wearelookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.我們正在調(diào)查的是他是否值得信賴的問題(同位語(yǔ)從句)

Wordcamethathehadgoneabroad.

據(jù)說他已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。(同位語(yǔ)從句)TheDifferenceBetweentheAttributiveClauseandtheAppositiveClause

第十七頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.

你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面。(定語(yǔ)從句,名詞thedoctor作先行詞)Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmakesusveryhappy.(定語(yǔ)從句,which代表前面提到的整個(gè)句子)Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.

他媽媽盡最大努力幫他學(xué)習(xí)。

(定語(yǔ)從句,代詞all作先行詞)第十八頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日二、從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如:Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的。(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說明news的內(nèi)容。)Thenews(that)hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的。

(定語(yǔ)從句,that從句作定語(yǔ)修飾news)第十九頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.我許諾如果誰(shuí)讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有。(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說明promise)Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.媽媽做出了一個(gè)令她的孩子們高興的許諾。(定語(yǔ)從句,that從句作定語(yǔ)修飾promise。)第二十頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日三、從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成份上區(qū)別有些引導(dǎo)詞如how,whether,what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我們是否需要它這個(gè)問題還沒有考慮。(同位語(yǔ)從句)Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事。(同位語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替),并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略。That在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成份,并且不能省略,也不能用which來代替。第二十一頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日Theorderthatwe(should)sendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組的命令昨天已收到了。(同位語(yǔ)從句,是對(duì)order的具體解釋,that雖不作成份,但不能省略)Theorder(that)wereceivedyesterdaywasthatwe(should)sendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組。(定語(yǔ)從句,是名詞order的修飾語(yǔ),that在從句中作received的賓語(yǔ),可以省略)第二十二頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether2.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout___wewouldhavelostourway.

A.itB.thatC.thisD.which3.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars___roadconditionsneed.

A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improvingBDA第二十三頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日5.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as6.Thefactcameup___specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose7.Adecisionwasmade____thosewhowantedtogetajobinthefactorywouldnotbeallowedtostay.

A.whatB.whenC.whichD.thatBCD第二十四頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日8.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether9.Thereason____heislateis____therewasabreakdownontherailway.A.why;whyB.why;thatC.because;thatD.that;becauseDB第二十五頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的句式結(jié)構(gòu)為:“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who從句”。在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一律用that,而不用when,why或how;在強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)時(shí),如果主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指代人,則可用who和whom來代替that,但是從句中的人稱和數(shù)要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)保持一致。這些都容易與定語(yǔ)從句混淆。TheDifferenceBetweentheAttributiveClauseandtheEmphasisStructure第二十六頁(yè),共三十頁(yè),2022年,8月28日定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷方法:若將句中的“Itis/was”和“that/who”去掉,而句子不缺成分,結(jié)構(gòu)完整,說明原句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;若句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,則說明原句為定語(yǔ)從句。

1.Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastsbeganA.whileB.whichC.thatD.since2.____washiskindn

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