外研版八年級上冊英語知識點清理

八年級上冊知識點清理Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation？1，一般過去時基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞過去式+其他；否定形式：①was/werenot;didn't主語+其他？②Did+主語+動詞原形+其他？2，動詞過去式規(guī)則變化：eded；以輔音字母+yyied+yed音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed不規(guī)則變化的動詞過去式（見書本最后一頁）3，goonvacation去度假 beonvacation在度假of做主語時位于動詞用單數(shù)。Eg(examplegiven)：Isthereanyoneathome？anyone任何一個，指人或物，后面接of短語。Eg：Youcantakeanyoneofthesebooks.5，adj修飾不定代詞后置anythingspecial somethingimportantenough作adv，修飾adj/adv后置oldenough fastenoughelse作adj，修飾疑問代詞和不定代詞后置whatelse whoelsesomething6，quiteafew/little相當多7，How/whatabout+V-ing/n/代詞...怎么樣？（表建議、詢問）8，moststudents=mostofthestudents“oneof+themost+adj+n復數(shù)”表示“最…之一”Eg：HeisoneofthemostfamouswritersinChina.Amost+adj+n非常 Eg：Hangzhouisamostbeautifulcity.buy/getsbsth=buy/getsthforsb10，whatdoyouthinkof/about...？howdoyoulike...？你認為…11，havefun，enjoyoneself，haveagood/great/wonderfultime+V-ing,（n/adj）seemstobeasmartboy/happy.Itseemsthat從句eg：Itseemsthatheunderstands.主語seemtodostheg：Heseemstounderstand.13，adj以-ing結(jié)尾“令人...的”exciting，interesting，relaxing，boring以-ed結(jié)尾“人感到...的”excited，interested，relaxed，bored14，詢問價格：Howmuchis...?What’sthepriceof...?表示價格高低：...beexpensive/Thepriceofishigh/low15，getto,arrivein/at,reach,到達（home，heretherein,at,to）16，decide（not）todecidethat從句decide+疑問詞+不定式17，try（not）todosth盡力 trydoingsth嘗try/dotodosthtryiton試穿（動副結(jié)構(gòu)） tryout試驗 haveatry試一試18，feellike感覺像 feellikedoingsth/wanttodosth/wouldliketodo19，alotof=lotsof=plentyof20，inthepast在過去21，enjoy/likedoing22，感嘆句：How+adj+How+adj+a/an+n單+主謂！ What+a/an+adj+n單+主謂What+adj+n復/不可數(shù)+主謂！23，morethan=over超過 lessthan少于moreorless或多或24，waitfor等待25， toomany“太多”修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)toomuch“太多”修飾不可數(shù)名詞muchtoo26，because+從句becauseof+n/V-ing代詞27，enough作adj修飾n，enoughtime enoughhaveenough...todostheg：Ihaveenoughtimetofinishthework.enough作adv修飾adj/adv oldenough fastenough….enoughforsbtodostheg：ThejobiseasyenoughformetoNot….enoughtodo Thebookisn’teasyenoughformetoread.Thebookistoodifficultformetoread.So….that… ThebookissodifficultthatIread.28，thenextday第二天29，remember/forget+todoremember/forget+doing30Stopsbfromdoingsth阻止Stoptodo停下來去做其他事Stopdoing停止正在做的事31，anothertwohours=twomorehours32，atthetopof 在….頂端，名列….之前 強調(diào)點onthetopof在….上面 強調(diào)面33，findout查明，弄清find找到（結(jié)果）lookfor尋找（過程34，goonwith/doingsth繼續(xù)原來的事goontodosth35，so+adj+that結(jié)果狀語從句...如此…以致…....eg：IwassobusythatIdidn’tgotosleepfor3days.sothat引導目的狀語從句，以便，為了（inorderto）eg：theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.so+adj+（a/an+n單數(shù)）that ItissoimportantameetingthatIcan’tmissit.such+a/an+adj+n單數(shù)+thatItissuchanimportantmeetingthatIcan’tmisssuch+adj+n復數(shù)/不可數(shù)+thatUnit2Howoftendoyouexercise？1，How如何（方式）howlong多長（時間）答語常用...（For/about+）時間段...howfar多遠（距離）（I’s+）+miles/meters/howoften多久一次（頻率）答語常用“Always/often/everyday/“”..或“次數(shù)+時間”等表頻率的狀語Howsoon多快，多久以后，常用在將來時中。答語常用“in+howmany多少（接可數(shù)名詞）howmuch（接不可數(shù)名詞2，exercise 作v 鍛煉，運動作[c]操，練習domorning/eyeexercises作[uc]鍛煉 takemuch/more3，at+鐘點at7o’clockatnoon/atnight（during/intheday）atthis/thattimeattheageofon+一天、紀念日、節(jié)日onApril1stonSundayonacoldwintermorning onin上午、下午、晚上、年、月、季節(jié)、年代、世紀inthemorning/afternoon/evening in1999 inAugustinin1960s inthe21stcentury4， helpsb（to）dohelpsbwithsthwithsb’shelp=withthehelpof5，do（the）housework=dochores6，頻度副詞（be后）Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never7sometimes有時（頻度副詞）sometime（將來）（曾經(jīng)）Sometimes幾次，幾倍 sometime一段時間（前面用介詞for）8，goshopping=dosomeshopping9，once twice threetimes10，atonce，rightnow，rightaway，inaminute，inamoment，innotime立刻，馬上 oncemore再一次，重新 onceuponatime從前，曾經(jīng)11，everyday每天 everyday日常的，每天12，ontheinternet13，what’syourfavoriteprogram？=whatprogramdoyoulike14，free空閑的inone’sfreetime befree自由的 asfreeasafish freedomn.自免費的Thebestthingsinlifearefree.15，befull=bebusy忙的 bebusydoingsth/bebusywithbefullof充滿 bottleisfullofmilk.16，Howcome？怎么會？為什么？17，maybe為情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形，在句子中做謂語，maybe是副詞，表示可能，大概，一般放在句首(perhaps)。18，stayupdoingsth熬夜做某事19，stay/keephealthy beingood/bad/poorbegood/badforone’shealth20，atleast=nolessthan atmost=nomorethansbaboutsth askdosth asksbforhelp/advice/information22，theresultof...的結(jié)果 asaresult結(jié)果23，besurprisedthat/besurprisedat/besurprisedtodo對…很驚訝Toone’ssurprise另某人驚訝的是 insurprise驚訝地24，theanswertothequestion，akeytothedoor，atickettotheball25，although=though（but不能連用）Eventhough/if即使，盡管 asthough/if仿佛，好26，by介詞+n/v-ing/代詞通過…方式byoneself獨自地bytheway順便問/說一下bychance/accident偶然地bymistake錯誤地learnbyheart記住27，thebestway/timetodo做某事最好的方式/時間28，4個花費：人+spend/spends/spent+時間/錢+（in）doingsth/onsth spendtimewithsb 人+pay/pays/paid錢+forsth Ittakes/tooksb+時間+todosth 物+cost/costs/cost+sb+29，die死亡，消失 died過去式deadadj死亡的，無生命的deaddoghave/hasbeendeadfor…=died...agodying adj垂死的，快死death n死亡 thedeathof….30，beforeit’stoolate趁來得及3of+Eg：Twentypercentofthestudentsexerciseeveryday.Twentypercentoftimepasses.32，noone=nobody指人，回答who，anyone，anybody的提問Noneof（→all≥3）howmany/，及有特定范圍（which）的提問nothing指物，回答what，anything的提問Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.1，比較級，最高級變化規(guī)則一般在詞尾eresterst；重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫輔音字母er+yyi+ermost。不規(guī)則變化見書本P1142，比較級用法基本句型：主語+be+比較級+than+比較對象兩者相比較用比較級eg：Whodoyouthinkismoreoutgoing，LilyorLucy？little，abit，far，even等修飾比較級eg：I’mmuch/alittle/alot/abit/farmoreoutgoingthanmysister.I’mevenworsenow.不能與人或事物自身相比較eg：Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.比較對象要一致（that代替不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，所有格，ones）eg：TheweatherinHarbinismuchcolderthanthatinWuhan.ThestudentsofClassOnestudyharderthanthoseofClassMybikeisnewerthanTom’s.比較級中出現(xiàn)ofthetwo/twins結(jié)構(gòu)時，adj比較級前要+the，不可用thanEg：Tomisthetallerofthetwobrothers.“get/become+比較級+and+比較級”表示“變得越來越…..”（多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)用“moreandmore+原級）Eg:Itgetswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.You’regettingmoreandmorebeautiful.“the+比較級……the+比較級……”表示“越……就越……”Eg:Themoreyouexercise,thestrongeryouwillbe...…..notas/….表示“不如”Heisastallashisfather.Heisnotas/sotallashisfather.“比較級+than”.(more/less+原級+than)與“notas/so...as...可以互換Eg:I’mtallerthanyou. ChineseismoreimportantthanBiology.You’reshorterthanme. BiologyislessimportantthanChineseYou’renotas/sotallasme. Biologyisnotas/soimportantas比......大/多/長/寬幾倍，用...主語+be+......times+比較級+than+比較對象...Eg:Ourclassroomistwicelargerthanyours.重幾斤，高幾公分，大幾歲......，用...主語+be+數(shù)量詞+比較級+than+比較對象...Eg:I’msixyearsolderthanyou.3，loudly大聲地，響亮地（多含噪音之意）aloud大聲地，出聲地（強調(diào)出聲）readaloud callaloudforhelploud speak，shout，laugh，talk響亮的，大聲的loudvoice4，fastrun/drivequickly強調(diào)動作、行動快soon強調(diào)時間間隔短5，competition體育，書法，朗讀，音樂等比賽match體育競技比賽，球類比賽race速度方面的競賽，賽跑，賽龍舟6，win+比賽，獎項 beat+人，團隊7，ago以前，用于一般過去時，放在一段時間后before在 以前，通常用于完成時，放在時間點或事件之前8，thesameas→bedifferentfrom besimilarto=belike9，begoodat+V-ing=dowellin擅長于begoodfor對...有益（bebadfor對 有害）begoodto對...友好（good可用friendly，nice，kind替換）begoodwith和 相處好=geton/alongwellwith10，true/truly指故事、說法、答案等與標準事實、實際情況相符real/really指人或事客觀存在，不是想象的11，takecareof=lookafter照顧carefor照料、關(guān)心某人，喜歡某人、某物careabout關(guān)心，計較，在乎12，makesbdosthmakesb/sth+adj makemehappymakesb+n. Wemadehimmakesb+過去分詞Shespokealoudtomakeherselfheard.makeit約定時間，做成某事，及時抵達Let’smakeitat10:00.Don’tworry.He’llmakeit.13，both位置：行前be后bothofthem/us=they/webothbothnotboth為部分否定，全部否定要用either...not或者neitherboth...and...=notonly...but（also）...否定為：neither...nor14，bepopularwithsb受某人歡迎 bepopularin/at在某地受歡迎15，itis+adj+forsb+todosth（adjtodoItisimportantformetolearnEnglish.itis+adj+ofsb+todosth（adjsb）Itiskind/friendly/niceofyoutohelp16，bringout使顯現(xiàn)出17，sharesthwithsb18，other其他的，另外的...other+n復數(shù)=othersanother...又一（個，另一（個）...一個，后接名詞單數(shù)。theother...（兩者中的）另一個...，常與one連用，...one...theother......表示...一個...，另一個......19，heartlearnsthbyheart用心記 loseheart灰心20，breakthelaw/rules/worldrecord違法/違規(guī)/打破世界紀錄Breakoffbreakawayfrombreakintobreakin插Breakdownbreakoutbreakupbreakone’swords食Haveabreak/rest21laughlaughat嘲笑Smilesmile定語從句之間，起聯(lián)系作用，同時又作定語從句的一個成分。who(whom,whose),which;副詞（在定語從句中只能作狀語，且不能省略）有：when,where,why(1)先行詞是什么(2)先行詞在定語從句中作什么成分。關(guān)系代詞（that，who，which，whose，whom）引導的定語從句。that/who在從句中作主語，先行詞為人。Eg：Thegirlthat/whoisreadingismy②that/which在從句中作主語或賓語，先行詞為物。Eg：Thebookthat/whichisonthedeskbelongs