《語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練》9-17章及答案

第

九時(shí)7qa藍(lán)］課前熱身請(qǐng)判斷下列句子的時(shí)態(tài)。Theyusuallygotoworkbysubway.Sheisplayingthepianoinherroom.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSaturday.Sofar,theyhavelearnt2,500words.TheywillholdapartyforWilliamtomorrow.Mymothersentane-mailtomelastnight.@動(dòng)腦思考常見的時(shí)態(tài)有哪些？請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)述它們的用法?！鮆知識(shí)重點(diǎn)■重點(diǎn)一、時(shí)態(tài)的分類時(shí)態(tài)是表示行為、動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)在不同時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式，英語(yǔ)中有16種時(shí)態(tài)。一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在do★doesamisdoing★arehasdone★havehasbeendoinghave過(guò)去did★wasdoing★werehaddone★hadbeendoing將來(lái)willdo★willbedoingwillhavedonewillhavebeendoing過(guò)去將來(lái)woulddo★wouldbedoingwouldhavedonewouldhavebeendoing注意：以上帶的八種時(shí)態(tài)為主要考點(diǎn)，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)。■重點(diǎn)二、時(shí)態(tài)的定義及考點(diǎn)?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)定義：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。⑵基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞原形(如果主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要改為三單形式)Weareteachers.Ihaveapencil.Hehasapencil.(3)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyweek/day/year/month...,onceaweek,onSundays等(4)基本用法：用法例句表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的副詞連用Theyusuallygotoschoolbybus.Heoftengoesswimminginsummer.表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、特征、性格和能力等rhegirlisfiveyearsold.Allmyfriendsloveplayingbasketball.表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理Theearthmovesaroundthesun.GuangdongHesinthesouthofChina.表示預(yù)先計(jì)劃或安排好的，將要發(fā)生的行為(位移動(dòng)詞)rhetrainleavesattentonight.FhematchtakesplacenextFriday.在某些以here,there開頭的句子，表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Herecomesthetrain.(=Thetrainiscoming.)Fheregoesthebell.(=Thebellisringing.)在時(shí)間'條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)I'llcallyouassoonas1arrivethere.Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wellvisittheGreatWall.⑸動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則類別構(gòu)成方法示例一般情況加slook-looks,begin-begins,play-plays以s,x,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾加esguess-guesses,fix-fixes,finish-finishes,teach-teaches,do-does,go-goes

續(xù)表類別構(gòu)成方法示例以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾改y為i,再力口eshurry-hurries,study-studies,try-tries以元音字母+y結(jié)尾直接加splay-plays,enjoy-enjoys,stay-stays特殊情況have-has幺即學(xué)即練一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式1.stay2.brush3.fly4.watch5.drive6.have二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.1 (go)shoppingwithmymothereverySunday.2.Mary (collect)stampsinherfreetime.It'sherhobby.3.Hetoldmethesun (rise)intheeast.4.Pleaseletmeknowassoonasyourbrother(come)back.5. you (brush)yourteetheveryday?6.HowoftenMike (play)basketball?cSQop'9qsnjq，oqsaiuoo予sasu?￡SQ可［03ZI'二s叫,9SSAljp-gsgqn理m>?￡saqsnjqz、-A”@一般過(guò)去時(shí)(1)定義：一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式Wewereteachersbefore.Hehaxlapencilyesterday.(3)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago,justnow,thismorning,yesterday,lastweek,inthepast,in1994,atthattime,once,onceuponatime,intheolddays等

(4)基本用法:用法例句表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Hewasatschoollastweek.1gotupat7:30yesterdaymorning.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作1usedtogetupverylate.MrsSmithalwayscarriedanumbrellainthepast.在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中表示過(guò)去將來(lái)Tomtoldmethathewouldwritetomewhenhearrivedthere.Hesaidhewouldcomeif1lenthimmymotorcar.⑸動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則:類別構(gòu)成方法示例規(guī)則變化一般情況加edoffer-offered,weigh-weighed以e結(jié)尾加dlike-liked,provide-provided,use-used以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾以元音字母+y結(jié)尾改y為i,再加ed直接加edtry-tried,fly-flied,study-studied,play-played,enjoy-enjoyed,stay-stayed以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾雙寫末尾的輔音字母.再加edplan-planned,refer-referred,regret-regretted不規(guī)則變化：詳見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表4即學(xué)即練一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式1.shop 2.hurry 3.play4.live5.have6.cost二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞的適當(dāng)形式填空They(be)studentstwoyearsago.

He(lose)hisbike,sohewasveryunhappyyesterday.They(leave)forCanadaearlythismorning.Thelittleboysmiledathisfatherassoonashe(see)himVincent(notgo)tobeduntil11o'clocklastnight.Bill(read)abookaboutsportyesterday.pE9J908lupipMBS卞典￡I、二P叫4paXrjd,￡poujnq7paddoqs-i、_qy?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)定義：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或從事的動(dòng)作。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be(am/is/are)+現(xiàn)在分詞⑶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now,thesedays等，或者是使用了look,listen的句子(4)基本用法：用法例句表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Theyareplayingfootballnow.Listen!Sheisplayingtheviolin.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的事情Heismakingmodelplanesthesedays.MrJacksonisvisitingourcitythisweek.當(dāng)其與always,often,constantly等副詞連用時(shí)，表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作、表示不滿或滿意等Thestudentsaremakingprogressconstantly.Mysisterisalwayslosingherkeys.出現(xiàn)come,begin,leave,arrive等表位置移動(dòng)的詞，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)UncleCheniscoming.I'mleavingtomorrow.⑸現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則類別構(gòu)成方法示例一般情況加ingplay-playing,wash-washing,sleep-sleeping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾去掉e,再加ingdance-dancing,have-having,come-coming以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ingshop-shopping,swim-swimming,run-running以ie結(jié)尾改ie為y,再加ingtie-tying,lie-lying公即學(xué)即練一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式1.cut 2.die 3.take4.study5.skate6.begin二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Bill (write)areport,sodon'tdisturbhim.Look,thegirls(swim)inthepool.Hurryup.Thetaxi(come).三、選擇正確答案MyfriendsareTVinthelivingroom.A.watch B.seeing C.watchingD.readingDoyouknowwhyhesostrangelythesedays?A.acts B.act C.wasacting D.isactingArethegirlslookingatthescreen?Yes,they.A.aren't B.are C.don't D.do

□I、三SupUMST'J、二SuiXpnisSuW□I、三SupUMST'J、二SuiXpnisSuWn3-iA4Suiuioosi,￡SuiuituiMSaie工SuiuuiSoq9 坪 qgupje]?￡ SuiXp zo過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)定義：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be(was/were)4現(xiàn)在分詞IwaswatchingTVatninelastnight.(3)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：thewholemorning,atfivelastSaturday,atthistimeyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,atthattime/moment等(4)基本用法：用法例句表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Hewasreadingabookatthistimeyesterday.When/Whileweweretalkjng,mybosscamein.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Hewasdoinghishomeworkthewholemorning.Hewascleaninghiscarwhile1wasreadingthenewspaper.表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的、出乎意料的或計(jì)劃之外的晝，通常與always,forever等副詞連用Wewerealwayse,go,leave這類動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)打算要做的事或預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.@即學(xué)即練一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Whenthebellrang,they(wait)intheirseats.一WasGaryathomeyesterdayevening?一Yes,hewas.He(listen)tothemusicthewholenight.

they(have)ameetingatnineo'clockyesterdaymorning?SheaskedmeifI(go)shoppingthatafternoon.二、選擇正確答案WhilesheTYshealoudsoundoutside.A.watched,washearing B.waswatching,washearingC.waswatching,heard D.watched,heardHealwaysofotherswhenhewasasolider.A.does,thinkingB.was,thinkingC.is,thinkingD.did,think9T 01、二§uio§sbmSuiApq匕1辦\*￡Suiuojsqsbm7SupiPMjgMj_?一般將來(lái)時(shí)⑴定義：一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)會(huì)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).(2)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,tomorrowmorning,thisafternoon,nextyear,inafewdays,beforelong,inthefuture,soon,someday等(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu)與用法：基本結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句will+動(dòng)詞原形表示將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況；預(yù)料將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況Willyougoswimmingwithme?ItllbeTeachers*Daytomorrow.be(am/is/are)goingt。+動(dòng)詞原形表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事或者有跡象表明某事要發(fā)生1amgoingtospendmyholidayinTokyo.Look!It'sgoingtorain.be(am/is/are)to+動(dòng)詞原形表示客觀的計(jì)劃或者安排好的事，比begoingtodo更強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀性Sheistobemarriednextweek.SheistovisitAustralianextyeanbe(am/is/are)aboutto+動(dòng)詞原形表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不能與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用They'reabouttoleave.(=They'releaving.)

公即學(xué)即練

選擇正確答案Paulherenextmonth.B.won'tworkD.isn'tgoingtoworkingB.won'tworkD.isn'tgoingtoworkingB.isgoingtocomingbackD.willcomebackC.isn'tworkingLisainfourdays.A.camebackC.comingbackThepresidentusthisafternoon.A.havemeet B.ismeetingC.met D.istomeetThereameetingnextweek.A.isgoingtobe B.willgotobeC.willbegoingto D.willgoingtobeGeorgeis13yearsoldnow,andhe14nextyear.A.isgoingtobe B.wasgoingtobeC.willbe D.is6.youA.Will,be6.youA.Will,beC.Are,beB.Will,areD.Do,beV,9VTQT9,1gyo過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(1)定義：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。⑵基本結(jié)構(gòu)與用法： .基本結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句would+動(dòng)詞原形表示對(duì)過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間來(lái)說(shuō)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)HesaidhewouldgotoGuangzhouthenextday.Shetoldmetheywouldgocampingthefollowingweek.

續(xù)表基本結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句be(was/were)goingto+動(dòng)詞原形表示過(guò)去曾經(jīng)打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的動(dòng)作1didn'tknowifshewasgoingtocome.be(was/were)to+動(dòng)詞原形表示過(guò)去即將安排好的事情或?qū)⒁プ龅膭?dòng)作Heinformedusthetrainwastoleaveateight.be(was/were)aboutto+動(dòng)詞原形表示過(guò)去即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作1wasabouttodomyhomeworkwhenmymotherarrivedhome.?二即學(xué)即練選擇正確答案LMothersaidthatshe metoShanghaithenextyear.A.willtake B.takes C.took D.wouldtakehopedAndy tomybirthdaypartythenextFriday.A.iscoming B.wouldcomeC.wascoining D.willcomeHetoldmethathe Egyptthefollowingmonth.A.wouldvisit B.willvisitC.hasvisited D.isgoingtovisitwasnotsurewhetherhe morefruits.A.isgoingtogrow B.willgrowC.wasgoingtogrow D.hasgrownShemadeuphermindthatshe anewcaronceshechangedajob.A.hadbought B.haveboughtC.bought D.wouldbuyqg。干vwa7ai心x?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)⑴定義：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。還可以表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+過(guò)去分詞

(3)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already,yet,never,ever,just,before,recently,lately,for+時(shí)間E殳，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)sofar,inthepast/last...years等(4)基本用法：用法例句表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束Shehasalreadyleftthere.Hehasjusthadsupper.表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)MysistershavenXhadbreakfastyet.1havelostmymobilephone.表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，仍要繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Untilnowwehaven'tsolvedtheproblems.1havelearntEnglishforalongtime.1havebeenheresince1998.表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)歷過(guò)的事情__TheyhaveneverbeentoSydney.Janehas^eentotheGreatWalltwice.⑸考點(diǎn)辨析A.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的辨析具體內(nèi)容例句兩者的區(qū)分瞬間動(dòng)詞不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以Ihaveleftmyhometownfor23years,(x)Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownfor23years.(V)如需體現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可將瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為其他形式改成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Ihaveborrowedthebook.一Ihavekeptthebookfortwodays.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞Hehasjoinedtheclub.—?Hehasbeenamemberoftheclubforaterm.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞Hergrandmotherhasdied.—?Hergrandmotherha^beendeadforfouryears.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語(yǔ)SallyhasarrivedinChina.—?SallyhasbeeninChinaforayear.特殊用法在否定句中，瞬間動(dòng)詞能與一段時(shí)間連用Ihaven^tseenherforseveraldays.

B.hasgoneto,hasbeent（?和hasbeenin的用法辨析句型意義例句have/hasgoneto去了某地（還沒(méi)回來(lái)）MymotherhasgonetoBeijing.have/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過(guò)（已經(jīng)回來(lái)）（常與ever,never等頻率副詞連用）MymotherhasbeentoBeijingthreetimes.have/hasbeenin（+for+時(shí)間段/since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)）待了多久（去了，現(xiàn)仍在所待的地方）Mymotherhas^eenjnBeijingforthreeyears.（6）?？季湫途湫屠銲t（This）isthe+序數(shù)詞+time+that從句（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）Itisthefirsttimethat1havemetherparents.Thisisthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+that從句（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI'veeverseen.Itis/lthasbeen+時(shí)間段+since+從句（從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）Ithasbeen/lfsfouryearssincehegraduatedfromtheuniversity.次即學(xué)即練-x用for或since填空LindahasstudiedChineseshewasfiveyearsold.Tveknownherlastyear.HehaslivedinGuangzhouabout23years.TheyhavebeenawayfromItalytenyearsago.二、選擇正確答案一Haveyouseenthefilm?一No,Ihaveseenit.A.already,everB.ever,alreadyC.never,justD.ever,neverTheSoundofMusicisawonderfulfilm.Iitthreetimes.A.haveseenB.willseeC.see D.sawThefamouswriterthreebest-sellingbooksbynow.A.wrote B.haswrittenC.iswriting D.waswritingIthasbeenabout10yearssinceshetheUSA.A.hasleftB.leave C.left D.isleavingHurryup!Thefilmforsevenminutes.A.hadbegun B.hasbegunC.began D.hasbeenon一haveyouplayedthepiano?—Forsixyears.A.Howoften B.HowfarC.Howlong D.HowsoonItisthefourthtimethattheytheexperiment.A.havedoneB.did C.do D.haddoneThisisthemosttouchingstorythatI.A.everheard B.everhearC.willhear D.haveeverheardBrucehastoFrance.Hewillcomebackinthreedays.A.neverbeen B.gone C.been D.wenta6a,8VY□9CTS0卞日￡V7a,i、二aouis?少嗎?￡aouisz53UIS*T、一,?過(guò)去完成時(shí)(1)定義：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。 .(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過(guò)去分詞HehadstudiedChinesebeforehecametoBeijing.(3)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：(bythetime/theendof等)+過(guò)去的時(shí)間，表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

(4)基本用法用法例句表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作1hadfinishedallmyworkbeforedinner.Bytheendoflastyear,wehadlearnt3,000newwords.Thefilmhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothecinema.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或還要持續(xù)下去ShehadJivedinBeijingfor10yearsbeforeshecamehere.Hetoldmethathehadknownhersincehewasaboy.用于intend,hope,expect等表示愿望與打算的詞，表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或希望，表達(dá)惋惜之情Ihadintendedtovisityouyesterday,butIhadtodealwithanurgentproblem.(5)常考句型句型例句Itwasthe+序數(shù)詞+time+that從句(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí))ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadspokentoaforeigner.Itwas+時(shí)間段+since+從句(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí))ItwastwoyearssinceIhadknownhim.hardly...when...nosooner...than...Wehadhardlygottotheparkwhenitbegantorain.=Wehadnosoonergottotheparkthanitbegantorain.注意：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化方式與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的相同；不規(guī)則變化請(qǐng)參照書后附錄：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。公即學(xué)即練一、選擇正確答案allthelightsbeforeIwenttobed.A.hadturnedoff B.turnedoffC.haveturnedoff D.willturnoffMyplanfailedbecauseIabadmistake.A.made B.havemadeC.hadmadeD.make二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Hesaidhe(return)themoneytohisfriendthedaybefore.She(sing)asongtousbeforeshedanced.Bytheendoflastweek,they(sell)100,000tickets.Bythetimeshearrivedthehospital,hermother(passaway).在mbpassedpeq卞pjosp叫巧Sunsp叫工paujnpjp叫「、二3? Y【'一的Q同步練習(xí)一、填寫下列動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞havingboughtstopbecomedoesswimmingtryplayscutwent

二、選擇正確答案1.yourfather milkeveryday?1.A.Do,drinkC.Did,drinkB.Does,drinkA.Do,drinkC.Did,drinkD.Does,drinksBettyhermotheronthefarmthewholemorninglastSunday.D.wouldhelpthedinnerD.hadcookedD.havelivedD.comeD.wouldhelpthedinnerD.hadcookedD.havelivedD.comeD.didBythetimewereachedhomeyesterday,myparentsalready.A.wascookedB.cookedC.havecookedFilneverforgetthedayIinthevillage.A.live B.willlive C.livedwillbehappyifyoualltomybirthdayparty.came B.hadcome C.willcome—Mike,whydidn'tyoucomelastnight?—I,butIhadtotakecareofmysister.A.would B.had C.wasgoingtoMyuncletoseeourgrandparents.He'llbeheresoon.A.comes B.iscomingC.hadcomeD.cameThisisthebiggestdesertintheworldthathe—.A.hadeverknown B.haseverknownC.haveeverknown D.willeverknowHenrysaidhewouldgotothemuseumassoonashehishomework.A.finished B.hadfinishedC.willfinish D.finishWhilefatherhisbike,IakiteforJohn.A.wasrepairing,wasmaking B.repaired,madeC.wasrepairing,made D.repaired,was makingThedayaftertomorrowtheyafootballmatch.A.arewatching B.willwatchingC.aregoingtowatch D.watchHehislegbeforetheysawhim.A.havebroken B.hadbroken C.hasbroken D.brokeShethedoorandwentintothebedroom.A.locks B.hadlocked C.locking D.lockedHerparentsforseveralyears.A.died B.dead.C.havedied D.havebeendeadDavidpromisedhisfriendthathenotsmokeagain.A.would B.might C.shouldD.could—Ihaven'tseenhimforseveraldays.—Hepreparationforthefinalexam.A.make B. makes C. ismaking D.wasmakingIfhecomes,weskatingtogether.A.willgo B. went C. go D.wouldgoWeSydneyOperaHousetwice.A.havebeento B. havegoneto C.havebeenin D.willbetoThistimetomorrowwethatmountain.A.climbed B.climbC.haveclimbed D.willbeclimbinghopetheythishousebythetimewecomebacknextautumn.A.havebuilt B.willbuildC.willhavebuilt D.aretobuild三、用括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1(teach)myselfEnglishfor13years.Cathywentintoabookshopand(buy)adictionaryforherson.It'snineo'clock.Dora(lie)inbed.Andrew(paint)thehousebeforehemovedin.Michael(live)anormallifesincethen.Theysaidthescientist(make)aspeechforthekidsthenextday.He(spend)hiswholesummerholidayinItalylastyear.四、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)提示，完成英語(yǔ)句子(我們的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大變化)since2015.Ifyouholdontoyourdream,it (終有一天會(huì)成真).Hetoldhisfriendsthathismother(將會(huì)給他買)apresent.Theytoldusthat(光傳播得比聲音快).Themovie (已經(jīng)開始了)for15minuteswhenwegottothecinema.第十章被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)課前熱身請(qǐng)判斷下列句子是主動(dòng)句還是被動(dòng)句OHeopenedthedoor.Thedoorwasopened.Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.Thisbridgewasbuiltlastyear.haveboughtanewcomputer.6.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.動(dòng)腦思考什么情況下需要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成是怎么樣的？主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如何進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換？知識(shí)重點(diǎn)■重點(diǎn)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)包括兩種形式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，動(dòng)詞就用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。反之，如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)詞就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。例：Englishistaughtinmostschools.Thousandsoftreeswereplantedlastyear.次即學(xué)即練閱讀文段，用括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞的適當(dāng)形式填空TheNetherlandsisfamousforwindmills.Someofthem1.(build)inthe18thcentury.They2.(use)to3.(produce)

windpower.TheNetherlandsisalsofamousforcandles.Thecandles4.(make)byhand.apuui9JB下a?npojd?￡pgsnojb7ijmqjsm」人？,■重點(diǎn)二、不同時(shí)態(tài)的語(yǔ)態(tài)類別語(yǔ)態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)★主動(dòng)do/doesWecleanthefloor.—?Theflooriscleanedbyus.被動(dòng)am/is/are+done一般過(guò)去時(shí)★主動(dòng)didHemadeakite.—?Thekitewasmadebyhim.被動(dòng)was/were+done一般將來(lái)時(shí)★主動(dòng)willbeTheyw川planttreestomorrow.—?Thetreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.被動(dòng)willbe+done1 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主動(dòng)am/is/are+doingSheiswateringflowers.—?Theflowersarebeingwateredbyher.被動(dòng)am/is/are+beingdone; 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主動(dòng)was/were+doingHewaswritingaletteratthistimeyesterday.—?Aletterwasbeingwrittenbyhimatthistimeyesterday.被動(dòng)was/were+beingdone2 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主動(dòng)have/has+doneJackhasfinishedthework.-?TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJack.被動(dòng)have/has+beendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)主動(dòng)haddoneJimhadfinishedthework.一?TheworkhadbeenfinishedbyJim.被動(dòng)had+beendone續(xù)表類別語(yǔ)態(tài)例句過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主動(dòng)woulddoShesaidshewouldmakeakite.—?Shesaidakitewouldbemadebyher.被動(dòng)wouldbe+done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞★主動(dòng)can/may/mustdoYoumusthandinyourhomeworkafterclass.Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinafterclass.被動(dòng)can/may/must+be+done注意：以上帶的語(yǔ)態(tài)為主要考點(diǎn)公即學(xué)即練用括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Thiskindofcotton(grow)inthesoutheastofChina.Hisdictionary(leave)inthereadingroomyesterday.AtalkonChinesehistory(give)inourschoolhallnextMonday.Look!Anicepicture(draw)bytheteacher.Thequestion(discuss)atthistimeyesterdayafternoon.She(tell)manytimes,butstillcan'trememberit.Bythetimethetornadoended,morethan700people(kill).Thework(finish)by5pm.Canyouwaituntilthen?Theknifecan(use)tocutpaper.Theroomhadbetter(clean)thisafternoon.pauuapaqoip^snaq6p^qsiuyoq[rm-g u^qpuqypjojseqgpossnosipSuiaqsumumpjp§upqsi

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■重點(diǎn)三、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換類別變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的方法例句“主+謂+賓”的句型step1.把主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)；step2.把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)改成be+過(guò)去分詞的形式，be根據(jù)主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)及原句時(shí)態(tài)作變化；step3.如需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，把主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)放在by后。如沒(méi)必要強(qiáng)調(diào)執(zhí)行者，可省略。by后的人稱代詞要用賓格Theywillbuildanewshoppingmallnextyear.—?Anewshoppingmallwillbebuiltbythemnextyear.“主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”的句型可用間接賓語(yǔ)（人）作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，也可用直接賓語(yǔ)（物）作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，但需用t?；騠or引出原句的間接賓語(yǔ)（人）Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.—?改法1：Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.改法2：Apresentwasgiventomeonmybirthday.一般可在下列動(dòng)詞后、間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等Pveboughtmylittlesisterasweater.Asweaterhasbeenboughtformylittlesisterbyme.“主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)"的句型一般可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。使役動(dòng)詞make及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,hear,notice等在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中后接不帶t。的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中to要還原Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.—?Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.注意：當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的謂語(yǔ)為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要把短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作為整體看，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉動(dòng)詞后的介詞或副詞。Theywillputoffthesportsmeetingbecauseofthebadweather.—?Thesportsmeetingwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.公即學(xué)即練根據(jù)括號(hào)要求改寫句子。amgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Abirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.Parentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirbabies.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Babiesbytheirparents.Hemademedothatforhim.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Ithatforhim.Theywillbuildabridgenextyear.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Wehaveboughtanewsofa.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Myfatherplantedthistree10yearsago.（改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）sjpoXoiXiuXqsumnansii[￡9,snXq）q§noqusoqseqbjosmouy§jxauuigqjXqjpnqcqjjimo§puqyS opo]apuiusum?￡jopoo§11叫eiaqpjnoqs7am01u9ai8si■重點(diǎn)四、不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況類別例句系動(dòng)詞如feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義Thefoodtastesdelicious.（V）Thefoodistasteddelicious.（x）謂語(yǔ)為sell,wash,clean,run,ride,wear,write等動(dòng)詞，且和狀語(yǔ)well,easily,badly連用時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義Thepenwriteswell.Thebooksellswell.

續(xù)表類別例句謂語(yǔ)為need,beworth,require,want等詞時(shí)，可接動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義Thebikeneedsrepairing.=Thebikeneedstoberepaired.謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise,happen,takeplace,belongto等Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.(7)Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.(x)Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.(V)Thefirewasbrokenoutinthecapitalbuilding.(x)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：have,hold,lack,last,own等Theboyhasabeautifultoy.(V)Abeautifultoyishadbytheboy.(x)遮即學(xué)即練根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)提示，完成英語(yǔ)句子Thefood(嘗起來(lái)很糟糕).Greatchanges(發(fā)生)inrecentyears.Afewpears(留在了)onthetree.Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesun(已經(jīng)升起來(lái)了).Booksofthiskind(暢銷)，Thecar(需要清洗).[rm]ps

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pauipuioj?￡Q同步練習(xí)一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞1.cost2.cut3.hurt4.put5.beat6.take7.deal8.hear9.show10.build11.spend—12.bring13.buy14.think_15.catch 16.teach17.hold 18.speak_19.keep 20.have二、選擇正確答案Theworksoon.A.willbefinished B.finishesC.hasfinished D.willfinishInsomepartsoftheworld,teawithmilkandsugar.A.serves B.servedC.isserving D.isservedMaryanewbikebyherfatherlastweek.A.weregiven B.hasbeengivenC.wasgiven D.willbegivenThestoryinthe18thcentury.A.happened B.washappenedC.hashappened D.happening—Thehurricanetoreachthecoasttomorrowmorning一Ifso,we'dbettermakefullpreparationsforit.A.willbepredicted B.ispredictingC.haspredicted D.ispredictedWecan'tmoveintothehouseyet,fbrit.A.isgettingrepair B.isbeingrepairedC.hasbeenrepaired D.isrepairingYourhomeworkbeforeclass.A.handin B.ishandinC.mustbehandedin D.willhandinMostsciencebooksinEnglishnow.A.wrote B.writeC.werewritten D.arewritten9.AnewfilminStarCinemanow.A.showsC.isbeingshownB.isbeingshowingD.isshown10.Anewbridgeinmyhometownlastyear.A.builtC.hasbeenbuiltB.wasbuiltD.isbeingbuilt11.Ourschool,whichin1901,isoneoftheoldestschoolsinourprovince.A.foundC.wasfoundThey dayandnight.A.aremadeworkC.madetobeworkedB.wasfoundedD.foundedB.aremadetoworkD.aremakingtowork13.PetertoattendameetinginShanghai.A.toldC.hasbeentoldB.hastoldD.aretoldThebookme.Itishers.A.isntbelongedto B.wasn'tbelongedtoC.doesn'tbelongto D.didn'tbelongtoTheproblembeforethemeetingisover.A.hadbeenworkedout B.wereworkedoutC.willbeworkedout D.hasbeenworkedoutThefootballmatchnextweek.A.willhold B.washoldC.willbeheld D.willbeholdGreatchangesinChinainthelasttenyears.A.aretakenplace B.arebeingtakenplaceC.havetakenplace D.havebeentakenplaceThemanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatmostofthetickets.A.wasbooked B.werebeingbookedC.hadbeenbooked D.havebeenbooked—IwonderwhyRoberthasn'tshownupattheinterviewyet.Itwouldbeapityifhemissed.一I'mnotsure,butheinatrafficjamonhiswayhere.A.couldstuck B.shouldstuckC.musthavestuck D.mighthavebeenstuck一Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.Itfbrweeks.A.hasn5tcleaned B.didn'tcleanC.wasn'tcleaned D.hasn'tbeencleaned三、用括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Thelongbridge(build)twomonthsago.Whichlanguagethemostwidely(speak)intheworld?Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.Canthemagazine(take)outofthelibrary?Thefood(smell)delicious.四、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)提示，完成英語(yǔ)句子Goodmedicine (吃起來(lái))bittertothemouth.Nowadays,computers(被廣泛使用)intheworld.WhenIgottohishouse,Ifoundthatthewalls(正在被粉刷).Thebook(銷路很好).Recentlyourlife(受到很大影響)byairpollution.第十一章非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課前熱身請(qǐng)找出下列句子中的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。Somemadetheirlivingbytrading.Eachtypeofshipwasbuiltforadifferentuse.Theyareworkinghardandlivinghonestly.Hesetsailfinally,knowingquitesurewheretogo.Theman,namedEric,wasalwaysintroublewithhiscolleagues.TofighttheCOVID-19,weshouldwearmasksinpublicareas.?動(dòng)腦思考一以上―動(dòng)、產(chǎn)都日句子的、『?jiǎn)?，如果不口又曰什么呢？知識(shí)重點(diǎn)■重點(diǎn)一、動(dòng)詞不定式?動(dòng)詞不定式的形式動(dòng)詞不定式的形式例句一般式★主動(dòng)todo1wanttoreadthisnovel.Hewastoldnottosmokeanymore.被動(dòng)tobedoneHewantshisnewbookto^ej^adbyhiscolleaguesassoonaspossible完成式主動(dòng)tohavedoneSheissaidtohaveknowntheaccident.被動(dòng)tohavebeendoneHewasthefirstteenagertohavebeenawardedthisprize.進(jìn)行式主動(dòng)tobedoing1amgladtobedancingwithyou.不定式的否定式是在to前加not,如nottodo,nottobedone等帶“★”為常見考點(diǎn)公即學(xué)即練用括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Hewants(go)therewithhisfamily.Emilyaskedhermother(nottake)herbabyaway.Sheseems(get)muchbetter.4.1amsorry(put)youintrouble.Thewriterwantedhisbook(publish)inaveryshorttime.Thestoryissaid(know)byalltheneighbours.umoldjua叫叫o】§ paqsijqnd叫oi 1nd3A叫oj卞m翥叫 o8orIa@動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）的句法功能不定式在句中不能作謂語(yǔ)，但具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，又兼有名詞、形容詞和副詞的語(yǔ)法功能，在句子中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)'定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。它表示動(dòng)作還沒(méi)發(fā)生或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。功能說(shuō)明例句作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)可放于句首。當(dāng)不定式過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)可以用it代替,把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句末lbstayhealthyisourdream.Itisourdreamtostayhealthy.如果要說(shuō)明不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者是誰(shuí)，可以在不定式前加forItisnoteasyforhimtofindajobnowadays.當(dāng)it后有kind,good,nice,wise,clever,right,wrong,foolish,careless等描述人的特征或行為的形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用of引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，從而引出動(dòng)詞不定式Itisverykindofhimtooffermehelp.作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)與內(nèi)容Herdutyistoteachwellinthisschool,

功能說(shuō)明例句作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后Wemustfindaplacetohideaway.作賓語(yǔ)可按不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask,appear,arrange,afforddecide,demand,desire,expect,fail,happen,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等Heintendstofinishhisjobintwodays.Wedecidedtoplantmoretreesthisspring.feel,find,make,think等后可用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式1finditdifficulttowriteapoem.1don'tthinkithelpfultodrinktoomuchwater.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ask,advise,allow,beg,cause,enable,encourage,expect,force,get,help,hate,invite,like,order,permit,promise,remind,teach,tell,urge,want,warn,wish等可在具兵語(yǔ)后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Theteachertoldustohandjnourhomeworkimmediately.感官動(dòng)詞feel,listento,hear,see,watch,notice,observe和使彳殳動(dòng)詞let,have,make等后接省略to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，被動(dòng)句中要還原toWeoftenhearhersingthissong.Thestorymadeuslaugh.hadbetter,cannotbut,wouldrather...than,whynot,donothingbut等詞組后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式We'dbetterkeepsocialdistance.1cannotgobutwait.Atthatnight,theycoulddonothingbutwaitfortheoutsidehelp.作狀語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用表達(dá)有inorderto,soasto（只能放句中）等Hecametovisithisparents.Inordertoimprovehisstudy,hewentabroadforadvancedstudy.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用表達(dá)有too...t。，enoughto,so...asto,such..asto等Heistooyoungtotakeavolunteerjob.作原因狀語(yǔ)Theboywashappytohearfromthisnewfriend.注意：who,how,what,when,why等疑問(wèn)詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句。Whattodoisstillabigquestion.Wemustknowhowtousecomputers.Theproblemiswhentostopthetest4即學(xué)即練選擇括號(hào)內(nèi)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯，或用括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Itwasreallyunwise(for,of)him(giveup)thisopportunity.Thenextstepis(apply)forajobontheInternet.Sheisalwaysthelastone(leave)theoffice.Ourteacherencouragedus(care)moreaboutourskills.Shewasseen(dance)withthatboy.feelthewarmth(run)overmyskin.Itisimportant(for,of)him(hold)thischance.Shedoesnothingbut(sleep)overnight.HewenttotheUK(earn)moremoney.Weallowthisboy(take)tothepartybyhisparents.Hepretended(know)me,asheevendidn'tsayhellotomeinthemeeting.Hemademe(give)aspeechinthemeeting.9ai§YIMOinjo];ou?[[ gq ujuagdaajs,gpjoqojUqj,/ uni9a?upp01g9JE301 Xjddroj7dnoai§o：

■重點(diǎn)二、動(dòng)名詞