美國圖書館的管理與運營課件

美國圖書館的管理與運營課件Outline

提綱ThebasisofAmericanpubliclibraries圖書館的基礎(chǔ)Americanpubliclibrariessystem美國公共圖書館系統(tǒng)Librarymanagementandpersonnel圖書館管理和人員Libraryfunding圖書館資金來源Theroleoflibraryassociations圖書館協(xié)會的作用AmericanLibraryAssociation

美國圖書館Stateandregionallibraryassociation洲和地區(qū)圖書館協(xié)會2

AmericanLibraries美國圖書館AcademicLibraries(highereducationalinstitutions)高校圖書館PublicLibraries公共圖書館SchoolLibraries(Kindergartenthroughgrade12)學校圖書館（幼兒園至12年級）SpecialLibraries(Dept.librariesinhighereducationalinstitutions:medical,theological,scientific,law)

專業(yè)圖書館（有一些在高等院校設(shè)立，如醫(yī)學，神學，科學，法律圖書館）3OrganizationalBasisofAmericanPublicLibrary

美國圖書館的組織基礎(chǔ)Publiclibraryisbasedontheneedsofthecommunity

基于社區(qū)的需要Morepubliclibrariesareavailableinlargemetropolitanareas

大都市有更多得圖書館Schooldistricts

學區(qū)Countyorstateregions,orcities

洲,縣,市所在地4LegalBasisofPublicLibrary

美國圖書館的法律基礎(chǔ)LibraryLawandlegislationofUS圖書館法和美國法律Constitutional–fromthepeople

憲法-來源于人們Statutory–enactedbylegislativebody–congress…法定的-如制定立法機構(gòu)-國會等Administrativelegislatures,countycommissions,citycouncils.

行政議會，縣委員會，市議會5PublicLibraryManagement

美國公共圖書館的管理Stategranttherighttocity,village,ordistricttoestablishalibrary州政府通過各種法律所建立的一個公共圖書館為本社區(qū),城區(qū),或本地區(qū)的居民提供服務Tolevytaxes&determinethestructureandpowersofthelibraryboard州政府通過征稅和確定和圖書館委員會的結(jié)構(gòu)和權(quán)力6圖書館在伊利諾宜州地產(chǎn)稅中(舉例）

IllinoisCompiledStatutesCh.75:Libraries(Example)圖書館表明政府是如何使用房地產(chǎn)稅的，與每個方面直接掛鉤。居民據(jù)此可向當?shù)卣硎臼欠裢狻?/p>

一個芝加哥居民房地產(chǎn)稅2006年帳單中的一部分AReportinaChicagoResidentPropertyTaxStatement

PurposeofaPubliclibraryPurpose

建立公共圖書館Theeconomicgapbetween“haves“and“havenots”

縮小有無產(chǎn)者間的差距Increasediversityandgrowthofthepopulations

提高人口和人員多元化Qualityofeducationandliteracy

人口文化程度Technologybenefitsandchallenges

享受技術(shù)迎接挑戰(zhàn)Partnershipandcollaboration

與各界合作Stayingrelevant–providingservicesandprogramsresponsivetothecommunityandhavingthecommunityawareofthem緊跟形勢,

提供服務和方案回應社區(qū),使社區(qū)對他們有所了解Makesuretheresidentsgainallkindsofnecessaryinformationtheyneed.確保居民獲得各種社區(qū)信息8EquityofAccess平等使用圖書館資源和享受圖書館服務的機會

Gatewaytoknowledge 知識之門Lifelonglearning 提供終身學習的資源

Intellectualfreedom提供追求知識的自由

Communityandinformationcenter，meetingtheneedsoflocalcommunities 社區(qū)和信息中心Qualityoflife提高個人及社區(qū)的生活質(zhì)量

EstablishingaPublicLibrary

公共圖書館

PublicLibraryServices

公共圖書館服務

公共圖書館八種功能:CommunityactivitiesCtr社區(qū)活動中心、CommunityinformationCtr.社區(qū)資訊中心、FormaleducationsupportCtr正規(guī)教育支持中心、IndependentLearningCtr獨立自學中心、Popularmaterialslibrary通俗資料圖書館、Preschoolersdoortolearning學齡前兒童學習入門、ReferenceLibrary參考圖書館、ResearchCtr.研究中心10PublicLibrarySystem

美國公共圖書館管理系統(tǒng)Hierarchysystem等級管理系統(tǒng)Theremaybeonepubliclibraryinacommunityortheremaybeapubliclibrarysystem.Apubliclibrarysystemadministers該系統(tǒng)一個圖書館，可以包括：centrallibrary,中心圖書館Branchlibrary,分館bookmobile,流動圖書館books-by-mailservice圖書郵寄服務11PublicLibrary

美國公共圖書館Apubliclibraryshouldhave:一個公共圖書館應有:anorganizedcollection組織有序的館藏;paidstaff;有正式工作人員anestablishedscheduleinwhichservicesofthestaffareavailabletothepublic;有正常的業(yè)務時間,并有工作人員接待讀者thefacilitiesnecessarytosupportsuchacollection,staff,andschedule,有支持館藏,工作人員,以及開館時間所需要的各種設(shè)施issupportedinwholeorinpartwithpublicfunds.有部分或全部來自公共資金的支持(IMLSdata,2008)12PublicLibrary美國公共圖書館Thereareatotalof9,208publiclibraries共有9,208個公共圖書館,Thereare819

mobilelibrariesserving97%ofthepopulation有819個流動圖書館,為各州的97%的人口提供圖書館服務12%ofthelibrarieslocateinapopulationofmorethan50,000upto73%ofthetotalpopulation12%的公共圖書館為73%的人口服務,人口都在50,000以上53%ofthelibraryresideincityorschooldistricts53%以上的公共圖書館直屬市區(qū)管轄51%ofthelibrariesopenmorethan40hours51%的圖書館每周開館時間在40小時以上140,000Librarystaff有圖書館工作人員140,00013PublicLibrary美國公共圖書館Averagetotalstaffper25,000population12.18

每25,000人,有圖書館工作人員Highest最高21.66Ohio,lowest最低:Arkansas7.55,Averagelibrariansper25,000population4.06圖書館員highest最高8.39NewHampshire,lowest最低2.00N.CarolinaAverageALAMLSlibrariansper25,000population2.75

專業(yè)館員Highest最高5.25Connecticut,lowest最低.84ArkansasAverageotherstaffper25,000population8.13

一般工作人員,Highest最高15.59Ohio,lowest最低4.29Montana

14PublicLibraryManagement

美國公共圖書館的管理結(jié)構(gòu)Librarymanagementsystem

圖書館管理結(jié)構(gòu)LibraryBoardoftrustees董事會LibraryDirector館長librariansandstaff館員及一般工作人員

Mission圖書館使命Policy政策15

Administration-LibraryBoardoftrustees

行政管理-公共圖書館董事會

Libraryboard-Aboardofcitizens(supportedbynationalandstatelevelassn)圖書館董事會Responsibilities

責任Analysisofcommunityneeds

分析社區(qū)需要Hiringrecommendingthedirector

挑選推薦館長Actinginanadvocacyroletodevelopcommunitysupportforbondissuesandtaxation作為地區(qū)為圖書館呼吁支持人Budgetreviewandapproval

審批預算Policyreviewandapproval審批政策Commitmenttofreedomofinquiryandexpression

確保自由知尋和表達Formulationoflong-rangeplanning

制做長期計劃16LibraryDirector圖書館館長Workscloselywiththelibraryboard

圖書館館長與董事會緊密合作realizethepubliclibrarymission實現(xiàn)公共圖書館的使命developlongrangeplans發(fā)展長期規(guī)劃implementpoliciesforthelibrary’soperations并執(zhí)行圖書館的業(yè)務的各項政策strengthentherelationshipbetweenthecommunityandthelibraryanditsstaff加強社區(qū)和工作人員之間的聯(lián)系。*McCook(2004).IntroductiontoPublicLibrarianship,p.141LibraryDirectorResponsibilities

圖書館館長責任,知識技能Fromleadingtoorganizing主導規(guī)劃組織Liaisonandrepresentative代言人Managingandplanningetc.規(guī)劃，設(shè)計Technical,Customerservice,Problem-solvingabilityskills–Self-renewal,Risk-takingabletorecommendpolicies,ie,usenewtechnology,evaluatenewinfo.技術(shù),客戶服務解決問題,承擔風險,自我更新People’sskills,vision,marketing,communicationandcollaboration人事技巧,營銷能力,溝通交流能力,協(xié)作技能18PublicLibraryStaffandServices

公共圖書館員工和服務LibrarianswithMLISfromALAaccreditedschools

由美圖書協(xié)會認可的研究院畢業(yè)Othersupportingstaff

一般人員Libraryservices:服務Publicservice:

公共服務References參考咨詢Interlibraryloan館際互借Youthservices青少年讀者服務Adultservices成人讀者服務19YouthServiceataPublicLibrary

公共圖書館青少年讀者服務Developandencouragechildren‘sreadinghabit從小培養(yǎng)和加強兒童的閱讀習慣;Supportindependentandformalteaching個人自學以及各級正規(guī)教育;Provideopportunitiesforcreativities

為個人發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力提供機會;Stimulateyouth’simagination激發(fā)兒童和青年的想象力Improveawarenessandappreciationofculturaldifferences,art,science,inventionandcreation

提高對文化，對藝術(shù)的鑒賞力以及對科學成就和創(chuàng)造發(fā)明的了解Providepathtounderstandculturaldifference,art,science,inventionandcreation提供了解各種表演藝術(shù),文化的途徑;20YouthServices-ProfessionalAssociations

青少年讀者服務專業(yè)協(xié)會

NationalOrganizationsServingChildrenandYouth為兒童和青少年提供服務的全國性機構(gòu)

AmericanAssociationofSchoolLibrarians(AASL)學校圖書館員協(xié)會

AssociationforEducationalCommunicationsandTechnology(AECT)教育交流與技術(shù)協(xié)會AssociationforLibraryServicestoChildren(ALSC)

兒童圖書館服務協(xié)會–改進和擴大針對兒童（學齡前兒童到八年級）的圖書館服務YoungAdultLibraryServicesAssociation(YALSA)

青年圖書館服務協(xié)會-宣傳，促進，和加強針對青年人的服務并支助為這一群組提供服務的工作人員21YouthServices青少年讀者服務Youtheducationservices-兒童和青少年服務－教育Parentseducation-goodrelationshipamongthefamilyandbetweenchildren家長教育，發(fā)展與兒童和家庭的良好關(guān)系，Satisfytheliteratureneedsofthecommunity滿足社區(qū)成員的閱讀需求BasicLiteracyservices基礎(chǔ)掃盲服務Informationliteracy信息教育FormalLearningSupport輔助正規(guī)教育22YouthServices青少年讀者服務Librarians’competencies圖書館員資格

TheCompetenciesofChildren’sLibrarian

兒童圖書館員的資格-證書Knowledgeofthereaders了解服務對象Administrative&managerialskills行政和管理技能Communicationskills交流技能Advocacy,publicrelations&networking宣傳，公關(guān)和建立合作網(wǎng)絡的能力Professionalism&professionaldevelopment專業(yè)精神和專業(yè)發(fā)展能力AdultServices成人讀者服務Scope:服務范圍Findingmaterials選擇圖書館的藏書Libraryresourcesaccess提供使用資源的途徑Teaching,readingandconsulting教學,讀者咨詢顧問和指導Referenceandinformation參考和信息服務Marketing&communityreaderservices鼓勵個人和社區(qū)團體使用圖書館資源24AdultServices成人讀者服務

Generalpublic–everyindividual為所有普通人服務Peoplefromdifferentculturesandethnicgroups,出身于不同文化或不同種族的人Peoplewithdisabilities身體有殘障的人(盲人,只具部分視力的人,有聽力障礙的人)Homebound/houseboundpeople不能離開住房的人,Institutionallyconfinedpeople-被隔離的人(醫(yī)院,或監(jiān)獄等)AdultServices成人讀者服務

Serviceforinstitutions服務于所有團體Educationalinstitutions教育團體Culturalgroups文化團體Publicservices公益團體Businessorganizations商業(yè)團體Andalltypesofregionalorlocalgovernmententities各類團體的上一級機關(guān),如地方政府等SourcesofLibraryFunding

圖書館資金來源Localtaxdollars(primary)taxation

地方稅元（主要）稅收State–grants,percapitasupportmaterialgrantslumpsumgrants

洲政府-人均補助助或一次性補助金Federal–libraryagencies-informationaccessthroughtechnologyandprovisionofinformationaccessthroughempowerment聯(lián)邦政府-通過圖書館組織項目-通過提供技術(shù)信息和信息接入服務來提高能力Foundation–publicandprivate–theGatesprogram,communityfoundations

基金會–公共私人Individuals個人捐款27SourceofLibraryFund

美國公共圖書館資金來源Operatingrevenue

運營資金

(藍色表示地方來源，紅色表示州來源，紫色表示聯(lián)邦來源，綠色表示其它）28SeekingandAdvocatingwithlocalofficials

尋求當?shù)毓俜降闹С諴resentingbenefitstolocalgovernment

向當?shù)卣愂鲋С謭D書館的利益Supportingtheworkoflocalgovernment

支持當?shù)卣墓ぷ鱑nderstandinglocalpriorities了解當?shù)卣┱闹攸cEstablishingarelationship與當?shù)卣⒘己藐P(guān)系BeingclearandtothepointNotusinglibraryterms要清晰，明確，扼要避免使用圖書館術(shù)語29//

Seekingfunds-FundRaising

向個人和商界籌措資金

Identifythosewhohaveinterestsinlibrariesaskingthemtodonate確認對圖書館有興趣的個人和商界團體,對他們施以開導，懇請捐款和溝通Developlongtimestrategies有長期發(fā)展策略Usemail,email,phoneorin-personcommunication利用信件郵遞，電話溝通，或訪談來懇請捐款Developcollectiveeffortsthroughthelibraryandlibrarystaff由圖書館基金會或單位領(lǐng)導全圖書館共同努力30BudgetandOperatingExpenditures

美國公共圖書館運營支出Operatingexpenditures運營支出(藍色部分表示職工薪水，紅色表示館藏，綠色表示其它)31Librariesandpoliticalprocess

圖書館與政治結(jié)構(gòu)Existwithinanestedandoverlappingstructure存在于各階層的政治重疊的結(jié)構(gòu)中Local,regional,stateandnationalpoliticalentities

當?shù)?地區(qū),洲及全國政治組織Eachlevel,mustworkhardtoeducatepolicymakersaboutthefiscalandlegalneedsoflibraries

圖書館人員必須讓每個政界知道圖書館的財經(jīng)與政治需要.ALApublicawarenessadvisorycommittee---advocacy,workshopandprograms

美國圖書館提供為圖書館呼吁的各類活動.NationallegislativedayinMaytotalkwithrepresentativesandsenatorslibraryissues每年5月的全國立法日是大家與參眾議員淡圖書館的事宜.32ThebuildingwasdesignedbythearchitecturalfirmofHammond,BeebyandBabka,nowknownasHammondBeebyRupertAinge,Inc.,winnersofadesigncompetitionheldin1987toreplacetheoldcentrallibrary,Itisapproximately756,640

squarefeet(70,294m2).[1]33Population-服務人口:2,896,016LibraryBranches-圖書館79Collection-藏書量5,521,854冊Visits-訪問圖書館人次2,860,862Circulation-圖書借閱次數(shù)1,506,293PCusage-計算機使用次數(shù)2,600,000Childrenprograms:兒童活動參加人次 262,208WhereinUSisChicago?34芝加哥公共圖書館中國城分館

FateofmostpubliclibrariesinU.S.isentirelyalocalmatter大部分公共圖書館的命運掌握當政府和居民

ChicagoPublicLibraryMayorRichardM.DaleyjoinedChicagoPublicLibraryofficialsforthe17thAnnualBookamaniaevent36圖書館挑戰(zhàn)TwomajorchallengesStaffmanagement–encouragingthemsothattheyareabletodotheirbest.人員管理，激發(fā)工作積極性Budgetmanagement–sotousefinancialresourcestothebestadvantageofthelibrary.財政管理，使財政資源發(fā)揮最大優(yōu)勢用于圖書館37

Agoodorganizationhasputsatitsheartqualifiedstaff&itispaidcompetitivesalarieswithgoodbenefits以稱職的員工為中心，并支付合理的工資Threeprocessesformanagingpeople人員管理的三個核心程序Recruitment,hiring,retention招聘，雇傭，留住人才Evaluationofemployees工作績效評估Discipliningofemployees工作紀律38PersonnelManagement

人員管理PersonnelManagement

人員管理Hiring招聘–人事處Jobannouncementadvertised發(fā)布招聘廣告Applicationsreviewedbysearchcommittee招聘委員會對工作申請人的評審Selectapplicantsforinterviews選擇人進行面試Successfulcandidatechosen錄取最合適人選Jobdescription崗位職責描述jobanalysisandneedsoflibrary基于這個工作崗位

的分析和圖書館本身的需要Qualifications應具備的條件Otherinformation：benefits,salary，description ofthelibrary 信息包括福利，工資或者浮動,范圍；對圖書館的介紹等39招聘廣告二

參考咨詢圖書館員ReferenceandInstructionLibrarian

Institution:AshlandUniversityPosted:January14,2010Location:OhioPositionDescription:Non-TenureTrackWebsite:

AshlandUniversityLibraryseeksanexperiencedlibrariantoprovidereferenceandinstructionservicesaspartofathree-memberreferenceandinstructionteam.Theposition,availableApril1,isa12-month,full-time,non-tenuredfacultypositionthatisrenewedannually.ThesuccessfulcandidatewillteachresearchandinformationliteracyskillstoundergraduateandgraduatestudentsonAshland'smaincampusandatregionalsites.Primaryresponsibilitieswillincludereferenceservice,course-integratedinstructionandcollectiondevelopment.Theselectedcandidatewillserveaslibraryliaisontoseveralacademicdepartments,workingtodevelopthecollectiontosupportthecurriculumofassigneddepartmentsandtofacilitatefacultyawarenessoflibraryresourcesandservices.AshlandUniversitylibrariansarenon-tenuredfacultymemberswhoparticipateinfacultygovernanceandcontributetoserviceactivitiesoftheLibraryandtheUniversity.

Requirements

includeaMaster'sDegreeinLibrarySciencefromanALAaccreditedinstitution;demonstratedcommitmenttostudent-centeredteachingandlibraryoutreach;excellentoralandwrittencommunicationskills;strongpublicserviceethic;awillingnesstolearnnewlibraryandteachingtechnologies;theflexibilitytoworkeveningsandweekendsandtotraveltooff-campusuniversitycenters;andtheabilitytoworkcollaborativelyinateamenvironment.

Experiencewithlibraryinstruction,familiaritywithconceptsofinformationliteracyandpedagogy;webdesignandLibrary2.0skills,andtheabilitytoplanandimplementprogramsisdesired.Asubject-areamaster'sdegreeisaplus.Preferencewillbegiventocandidateswiththreeormoreyearsofexperienceasareferenceandinstructionlibrarian.Salaryiscompetitiveandcommensuratewithexperience.ReviewofapplicationswillbeginFeb.1andwillcontinueuntilpositionisfilled.

PleasemailoremailresumeandnamesandcontactinformationofthreereferencestoEdKrakora,directoroftheLibrary,atorEdKrakora,ReferenceandInstructionLibrarianSearch,AshlandUniversity,Ashland,Ohio44805.Submissionofportfolioswithapplicationisencouraged.AshlandUniversitymeetsfullyitsobligationofnondiscriminationunderfederalandstatelawandisactivelycommittedtodiversityinitsworkplace.

招聘廣告一

哥倫比亞大學東亞圖書館館長Director,C.V.StarrEastAsianLibrarySearchRe-openedTheColumbiaUniversityLibrariesinvitenominationsandapplicationsforthepositionofDirectoroftheC.V.StarrEastAsianLibrary.Formoreinformationaboutlibrarycollectionsandservices,see/cu/lweb/indiv/eastasian.TheC.V.StarrEastAsianLibraryisoneofthemajorcollectionsforthestudyofEastAsiaintheUnitedStateswithapproximately840,000volumesofChinese,Japanese,Korean,Tibetan,andWesternlanguagematerialsandover7,200periodicaltitles.TheDirectorguidescollectiondevelopment,overseestechnicalanduserservicesoperations,andworkscloselywithfacultyandstudentstohelpshapetheEastAsianscholarlyenterpriseatColumbia.Incollaborationwithinstructionaltechnology,preservation,anddigitallibraryprogramunits,theDirectorexpandsaccesstoandpreservationofthelibrary'smanyuniquematerialsinsupportofresearch,teaching,andlearning.TheDirectordevelopsexternalfundraisingandgrantsinitiatives,implementsoutreachactivitiesthatadvancecollectionsandservices,anddevelopsandmaintainsinternationalpartnershipsandagreementsrelatedtoEastAsianlibrarycollections.ReportingtotheAssociateUniversityLibrarianforCollections&Services,theDirectorservesontheManagementCommitteeoftheColumbiaUniversityLibrariesandrepresentsColumbiaatregional,nationalandinternationalmeetingsandorganizations,includingcooperativeresourcesharingprogramsforEastAsianlibraries.TheDirectormanagesamaterialsbudgetof$2.6millionandleadsastaffof22FTE.Thesuccessfulcandidatewillhave:"astrongscholarlybackgroundinEastAsianStudies"anaccreditedMLSorPhDinarelevantsubjectareaoranequivalentcombinationofeducationandexperience"thedemonstratedabilitytomanageinacomplexorganization,includingbudget,staffsupervision,andplanningexperience"knowledgeoftrendsineducation,research,andthescholarlycommunicationprocessinEastAsianStudies"acommitmenttoandunderstandingoftechnology'sroleinenhancinginformationdiscoveryandaccess"anabilityto