專題28 應(yīng)用文寫作-2022年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測（新教材新高考）（測）（含答案解析）

應(yīng)用文（測）滿分：50得分閱讀理解（每小題2分，共16）A（2021.山東濰坊.高三月考）Whileitmaybecommonplace,snubbing（冷落）one'sfriendscanhaveseriousimpactsonrelationships,andthereareavarietyoffactorsthatmaydriveindividualstoignoretheirfriendsinfavorofanelectronicscreen,accordingtoanewUniversityofGeorgiastudy.Thestudyrevealspositiveassociationsbetweendepressionandsocialanxietyandincreasingsnubbing:depressedpeoplearelikelytosnubtheirfriendsmorefrequently,andsociallyanxiouspeople,whopreferonlinesocialinteractions,mightalsoexhibitmoresnubbingbehavior.Thesepeoplearereallysensitivetotheirmessages.Witheachbuzzorsound,theyconsciouslyorunconsciouslylookattheirphones.Thedevice'svariousapplicationsarekeydriverscontributingtothisdynamic.Thefindingalsoshowsthatagreeableindividualshavealowerinstanceofsnubbinginthepresenceoftheirfriends.Peoplewhohaveagreeablenessasapersonalityfeaturetendtoshowcooperative,politeandfriendlybehaviorsintheirinterpersonalrelationshipsandsocialsettings.Thoughagreeablepeoplemayprioritizestrongfriendships,anexploratorystudyrevealstheyarealsomorelikelytoturntophonesinthepresenceofthreeormorepeople.Thatdynamicmayinfluencethespreadofsnubbinginthecontextofaworkenvironment."Itsironic（諷刺意味的）thatwhilesomanypeoplebelievethatsnubbingbehaviorisrude,theystilldoitJSunsaid.“Amajorityofpeoplesnubothers,andinagroup,itmayseemOK,becauseit'sjustme,thespeakerdoesn'tnoticeI'musingthephone.Thenumberofpeopleinagroupcanbeonereason.”Alternately,disablingorturningoveraphonecanindicateashowofrespectforasituationandfocusonaperson.That,too,isasignal—IamlisteningtowhatyouaresayingandIamfocusingonyou.Whatcancausesnubbingbehavior?Socialrequirements.Unhealthymentalcondition.Frequentsocialinteractions.Limitedcommunicationdevices.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheagreeablepeople?A.Theyareinsensitivetophonemessages.B,Theyaremorelikelytosnubtheirfriends.Theyattachimportancetofirmfriendships.Theygetaccustomedtogroupswithmorepeople.Whydosomepeoplecontinuesnubbingbehavioreveniftheyknowit'srude?Themajorityareusingphones.Theydon'tliketheenvironment.Thespeakerdoesn'tcareaboutit.Theythinktheywillgounnoticed.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?HowsnubbingbehaviorscanbeavoidedWhypeopleareaddictedtophonemessagesWhypeoplesnubtheirfriendswiththeirphonesHowphonesinfluencepeople'ssocialinteractions【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.C【解析?】這是一篇說明文。短文從不同精神狀態(tài)的人的角度介紹了為什么人們因使用手機(jī)冷落了自己的朋友。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thestudyrevealspositiveassociationsbetweendepressionandsocialanxietyandincreasingsnubbing”（這項研究揭示了抑郁和社交焦慮以及日益增加的冷落之間的積極聯(lián)系）由此可知，不健康的精神狀態(tài)導(dǎo)致了冷落行為。故選B項。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Thoughagreeablepeoplemayprioritizestrongfriendships^^（盡管和藹可親的人會優(yōu)先考慮牢固的友誼）可知，和藹可親的人強(qiáng)調(diào)牢固的友誼。故選C項。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"It'sironic（諷刺意味的）thatwhilesomanypeoplebelievethatsnubbingbehaviorisrude,theystilldoit,“Sunsaid.“Amajorityofpeoplesnubothers,andinagroup,itmayseemOK,becauseitfsjustme,thespeakerdoesn'tnoticeFmusingthephone."（具有諷刺意味的是，盡管很多人認(rèn)為冷落行為是粗魯?shù)?，但他們?nèi)匀贿@樣做，“孫說。“，在一個群體中，大多數(shù)人都會冷落別人，這看起來沒什么，因為只有我一個人，說話的人沒有注意到我在用手機(jī)。）由此可知，為什么有些人明知道這很粗魯，還要繼續(xù)冷落別人是因為他們認(rèn)為自己沒有被注意到。故選D項。.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第——段“Whileitmaybecommonplace,snubbingone*sfriendscanhaveseriousimpactsonrelationships,andthereareavarietyoffactorsthatmaydriveindividualstoignoretheirfriendsinfavorofanelectronicscreen,accordingtoanewUniversityofGeorgiastudy.”（喬治亞州一所大學(xué)的最新研究表明，盡管冷落朋友可能很平常，但是冷落朋友會嚴(yán)重影響人際關(guān)系，而且有很多因素可能會導(dǎo)致人們忽視朋友，轉(zhuǎn)而使用電子屏幕。）以及下文從不同精神狀態(tài)的人的角度介紹了為什么人們因使用手機(jī)冷落了自己的朋友?？芍涛牡淖罴褬?biāo)題為“為什么人們因使用手機(jī)冷落了自己的朋友故選C項。B（2021.四川仁壽.高三期中）Microplasticsaretinybitsorthreadsofplastic,oftentoosmalltobeseen.Inrecentyears,microplasticshavebeenfoundalmosteverywhere,fromtheNorthpoletoAntarctica,fromthetopofMountQomolangmatothedeepestpointinthesea.InarecentstudyledbyagroupcalledOceanWise,researchersmadefourtripsacrosstheArcticOcean.Theytook71samplesfrombetween10and26feetbelowtheocean'ssurface,and26moresamplesfrommorethan0.6milesbelow.Theyfoundmicroplasticsinallbutone,withanaverageofabout40microplasticparticlesineverycubicmeter.Toidentifytheparticlestheyfound,thescientistsusedatoolbasedoninfrared（紅夕卜的）light.Over92%ofthemicroplasticsfoundweresmallthreads,calledmicrofibers.About73%ofthesefibersweremadeofaplasticknownaspolyester（聚酯），whichexactlymatchedpolyesterusedinclothing.ThestudyalsofoundfarmoremicrofibersneartheAtlanticsideoftheArcticOceanthannearthePacificside.ThefibersontheAtlanticsidewerealsonewer.TheteambelievesthissuggeststhatthefiberscomefromEuropeandNorthAmerica.PeterRoss,wholedtheresearch,said,"Withthesepolyesterfibers,we'vecreatedacloudthroughouttheworld'soceans.”Mostsamplesweretakenfromanoceanlayerwherelotsofsealifefindsfood.Thescientistsbelievethismeansthatmanykindsofsealife,fromthesmallesttothelargest,arelikelytobeaffectedbythepollution.Sohowdothesemicrofibersgetintothesea?Theybreakoffwhenclothesarewashedandemptiedbywashingmachinesintoundergroundpipes.OnerecentstudysuggestedthatlaundryfromtheUSandCanadacarriesaround7,716,000poundsofplasticmicrofibersintotheseaeveryyear..Whichistrueaboutthestudyaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Allthesamplestakencontainedmicroplastics.B,Polyesteraccountedformostofthemicrofibers.TheheadoftheresearchgroupiscalledOceanWise.Mostsampleswerecollectedfromover0.6milesbelow.6.Whatcanweinferfi-omPeter'swords?A.Thesepolyesterfiberslooklikeclouds.B,Theworld'soceansarelinkedtogether.Thepollutionhasreachedaseriouslevel.Thefoodchainoftheseahasbeendamaged.Whichonemightbethesourceofthemicrofibers?A.Plastics.B.Oceanlayers.C.Washingmachines.D.Laundry.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EffortsMadetoProtecttheArcticOceanReductionintheConsumptionofPlasticProductsMicroplasticsFoundAllThroughtheArcticOceanD.ReasonsBehindthePollutionoftheArcticOcean【答案】5.B6.C7.D8.C【解析】本文為說明文。本文主要講述了微型塑料是微小的碎片狀或線條狀。近年來，從北極到南極洲，從地球最高處到最深處幾乎都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)微型塑料的存在，這對環(huán)境和海洋生物存在極大地危害。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Over92%ofthemicroplasticsfoundweresmallthreads,calledmicrofibers.About73%ofthesefibersweremadeofaplasticknownaspolyester（聚酯），可知，超過92%的微塑料是細(xì)小線條狀，被稱為微纖維。其中大約73%的微纖維是由一種被稱為聚酯的塑料制成的。由此可知，聚酯是微塑料的主要來源。故選B項。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段Peter所說的話“PeterRoss,wholedtheresearch,said,“Withthesepolyesterfibers,we\ecreatedacloudthroughouttheworld'soceans.“可知，我們（人類）己經(jīng)用這些聚酯纖維，為世界各地的海洋創(chuàng)造了一片云。再結(jié)合第四段第一句"Mostsamplesweretakenfromanoceanlayerwherelotsofsealifefindsfood.”可知，大多數(shù)的樣本都取自于許多海洋生物覓食的海洋層。由此推知，從Peter的話我們可以推知，微型塑料污染已經(jīng)十分嚴(yán)重。故選C項。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"Sohowdothesemicrofibersgetintothesea?Theybreakoffwhenclothesarewashedandemptiedbywashingmachinesintoundergroundpipes.OnerecentstudysuggestedthatlaundryfromtheUSandCanadacarriesaround7,716,000poundsofplasticmicrofibersintotheseaeveryyear.（那么這些超細(xì)纖維是如何進(jìn)入大海的呢？當(dāng)衣服被洗衣機(jī)洗干凈并倒入地下管道時，它們就會斷裂。最近的一項研究表明，來自美國和加拿大的洗衣店每年將大約7716000磅的塑料超細(xì)纖維帶入大海）”可知，當(dāng)衣服被洗衣機(jī)清洗時微纖維就會脫落，從而被倒入地下管道時進(jìn)入海洋。因此微纖維的來源也許是洗衣服。故選D項。.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“microplasticshavebeenfoundalmosteverywhere（微塑料已經(jīng)隨處可見）”以及第二段“InarecentstudyledbyagroupcalledOceanWise,researchersmadefourtripsacrosstheArcticOcean.（在最近由一個名為OceanWise的組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項研究中，研究人員進(jìn)行了四次北冰洋之旅）”和第三段“ThestudyalsofoundfarmoremicrofibersneartheAtlanticsideoftheArcticOceanthannearthePacificside.（這項研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，北冰洋大西洋一側(cè)的微塑料纖維遠(yuǎn)多于太平洋一側(cè)）”以及后文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了北冰洋微塑料的污染狀況。C項“遍布北冰洋的微塑料”可以作為本文標(biāo)題。故選C項。完形填空（2021?重慶市酉陽第一中學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測）（每小題1分，共15分）（2021.江蘇連云港.高三期中）WhenIleftforcollege,I]myhometowngoodbye!Itoldeveryone,"Iwill2comebackhere!”IsecretlyfeltthatmovingbackhomemeantthatI'dfailed.ThatIbecame3.IlovedcitylifeinNYC.Iadoredthemuseums,nightlife,andendless4forfoodandfun.Iwalkedonthestreets5Iwaspartofthem.Livinginthecitydidprovidemewithmanyopportunities.ButasIgot6tomy30s,Istartedtohatelivinginthecity.Ihatedthetraffic.Ihatedgoingout,7crowdstogetatableorevengetadrink.Ibeganwantingabitmore8somethingthecitycouldnolongergiveme.Istartedtodreamaboutmovingbackhome.AndIdidit.Ileftmygoodjobandtheendless9.EverydayIwakeuptobirdssinging.Notrafficsounds,caralarms,orpeople10onthestreets.Theairhereiscleanandsmellsgood.Myfavoritethingtodoiswatchthesunsetfrommyporch.SinceFvebeenhomemylifehasbeen11,Irealizedthathomeisaplacethat12me.Aplacetodreamandimagine.Becausebefore,inthecity,IfeltlikeIhadtocompetewitheveryoneto13,Manytimes,forgettingwhatIwas'fighting9for,Iwas14incompetition.Ilosttouchwiththeotherpartsofmyself,never15realizingthatthequietcountrylifeprovidedthattome.1.A.huggedB.kissedC,pettedD.shook2.A.NEVERB.ALWAYSC.EVERD.ALMOST3.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing4.A.tastesB.choicesC,dreamsD.events5.A.nowthatB.inthatC.asifD.evenif6.A.tougherB.rougherC,higherD.closer7.A.askingB.demandingC.fightingD.beating8.A.excitementB.achievementC,boredomD.freedom

A.occasionsA.occasionsA.screamingA.suitableA.requiresA.getaheadA.setA.completely【答案】1.B2.A3.A.occasionsA.screamingA.suitableA.requiresA.occasionsA.screamingA.suitableA.requiresA.getaheadA.setA.completely【答案】1.B2.A3.B.opportunitiesB.singingB.comfortableB.tiresB.getonB.cloudedinstantlyD4.B5.C6.D7.C.conditionsC.coughingC.accessibleC.inspiresgetdownC.bathedC.immediatelyC8.D9.BIO.All.inventionsD.laughingD.availableD.admiresD.getoffD.locatedD.necessarilyB12.C13.A14.B15.A【分析】本文是夾敘夾議文。講述了作者考入大學(xué)后離開家鄉(xiāng)，本打算再也不回家鄉(xiāng)而是留在繁華都市打拼，可是隨著年齡的增長，發(fā)現(xiàn)安靜的鄉(xiāng)村生活才是最適合自己的。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我去上大學(xué)的時候，我吻別了我的家鄉(xiāng)!A.hugged擁抱；B.kissed親吻；Cpetted撫摸；D.shook搖晃。根據(jù)"WhenIleftforcollege”得知，作者離開家鄉(xiāng)去上大學(xué)，和家鄉(xiāng)親吻告另限故選Bo.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我告訴每個人，“我永遠(yuǎn)不會回來了!”A.NEVER從不；B.ALWAYS總是；C.EVER曾經(jīng)；D.ALMOST幾乎。根據(jù)"IsecretlyfeltthatmovingbackhomemeantthatTdfailed”得知，作者不打算回來。故選A。.考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我變得一無所有。A.something某事；B.anything任何事；C.everything—切事；D.nothing沒有事。根據(jù)“IsecretlyfeltthatmovingbackhomemeantthatIdfailed”得知，作者認(rèn)為回來打拼意味著自己一事無成。故選D。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我喜歡紐約的城市生活。我喜歡那里的博物館、夜生活，還有無窮無盡的食物和娛樂選擇。A.tastes品嘗；B.choices選擇；C.dreams夢想；D.events事件。根據(jù)"IlovedcitylifeinNYC.Iadoredthemuseums,nightlife,anden”得知，大都市充斥著各種選擇。故選B。.考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：我走在街上，好像我是他們的一部分。A.nowthat既然；B.inthat因為；C.asif好像；D.evenif即使。根據(jù)“Iadoredthemuseums,nightlife,andendlessforfoodandfun."得知，我喜愛大都市的繁華感覺自己是其中一份子。故選C。.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)我快到30歲時，我開始討厭住在城市。A.tougher更艱難；B.rougher更粗糙;C.higher更高;D.closer更近。根據(jù)“Istartedtohatelivinginthecity.”得知,作者接近30歲時,開始討厭城市生活。故選D。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我討厭出去，為了要張桌子，甚至是喝一杯而擠來擠去。A.asking詢問；.demanding要求；C.fighting打仗；D.beating打敗。根據(jù)"crowdstogetatableorevengetadrink.”得知，在城市，人們?yōu)榱苏咀雷踊蚝纫槐鵂?，故選C。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我開始想要更多的自由，這是城市再也不能給我的東西。A.excitement興奮；B.achievement成就；C.boredom無聊；D.freedom自由。根據(jù)“Ihatedthetraffic.Ihatedgoingout,crowdstogetatableorevengetadrink.”得知，作者厭惡城市的擁堵想念家鄉(xiāng)的自由。故選D。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：離開了我的好工作和無盡的機(jī)會。A.occasions場合；B.opportunities機(jī)會;C.conditions條件；D.inventions發(fā)明。根據(jù)"Livinginthecitydidprovidemewithmanyopportunities.知，在城市工作，有各種機(jī)會。故選B。10.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有交通聲音，沒有汽車警報，沒有人在街上尖叫。A.screaming尖叫；B.singing唱歌；C.coughing咳嗽;D.laughing大笑。根據(jù)“Notrafficsounds,caralarms,“得知，城市的喧鬧中有人在街上尖叫。故選A。.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：自從我回家以來，我的生活一直很舒適。A.suitable合適的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.accessible可達(dá)到的；D.available可利用的。根據(jù)“Aplacetodreamandimagine."得知，作者在家鄉(xiāng)生活很舒服。故選B。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我意識到家鄉(xiāng)是一個激勵我的地方。A.requires需要；B.tires厭煩；C.inspires激勵；D.admires羨慕。根據(jù)"Aplacetodreamandimagine.”得知，作者感覺家鄉(xiāng)激勵了自己。故選C。.考查動詞短語詞義辨析\句意：因為以前，在城市里，我覺得我必須和每個人競爭才能領(lǐng)先。A.getahead前進(jìn)，領(lǐng)先；B.geton上車；C.getdown寫下；D.getoff下車。根據(jù)"IfeltlikeIhadtocompetewitheveryone”得知，和別人競爭，自己才能領(lǐng)先。故選A。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：很多時候，我忘記了我在“爭取”什么，我在比賽中感到困惑。A.set設(shè)定；B.clouded使模糊；C.bathed沐浴；D.located位于。根據(jù)“forgettingwhatIwasf