專題25 人與社會(huì)之科技與創(chuàng)新-2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（新教材新高考）（練）（含答案解析）

人與社會(huì)之科技與創(chuàng)新（練）時(shí)間：50滿分：50分鐘得分.單句語(yǔ)法填空(每小題1分，共10分)fyouareinterested,pleasesendanapplicationemailatyourearliest(convenient)toMsChen..Theowneroftheshopinsistedonpaymentcashondeliverywithoutallowinganydiscount..Sincehe(stick)inalifthalfayearagohehasn'tdaredtogetbackintoone..Manykidsareaddictedto(surf)theInternet,sotheyhavelostinterestinstudy..Weshouldeatmorefruitandvegetables,whichcanbe(benefit)totheirhealth..Regardlessoftheweatherorthe(distant),PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhisneighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.wasextremely(inspire)bytheelegantwaythewordssounded..Thenumberofthepeople,whohaveaccesstheirowncars,hasrisensharplyinthepastdecade..Thisappkeepsus(update)onallinformationwhichweareinterestedin..Mymost(embarrass)momentwastryingtointroducealadywhosenameescapedme.【答案】1.convenience2.in3.wasstuck4.surfing5.beneficial6.distance7.inspired8.to9.updatedlO.embarrassingIL閱讀填空(每小題2分，共10分)(2021?浙江杭州?高三期中)Shynessisnormalanditisnotconsideredasamentalproblem.Allpeoplehavebeenshyatonetimeoranother.Eventhemostconfidentpeopleexperiencedbeingshy.1..Youprobablyarewonderingwhyyouareshy.Itmaybebecauseoftheenvironmentyouwereusedtoorthewayyouwerebroughtup.Certaineventsorincidentsinthepastmayalsoleadtothereasonwhyyouareshynow.2.Mostshypeoplehaveshyparentsandrelativesanditisnotsurprisingtofindoutthattheytoohavebecomeshypersons.Oneofthenegativesidesofbeingshyishavingthetendencytobepassive.Mostofthetimeshypeoplecan'tstandupforthemselvesandwhattheybelieveisright.3.Thisapparentlyinfluencestheirsociallifeaswellaswork,familyandotheraspectsoftheirlife.Whileshynesshasnegativeaspects,ithaspositivesides.Shypeopleareusuallygoodobserversanddonotgetthemselvesintotoomuchtroublebecausetheytrytoobservetheirenvironmentoranysituationbeforetheyact.Theycanalsomakegreatfriends.Sincetheyhavedifficultiesinsocialscenes,makingfriendsseemstobeamust.Therefore,theyvaluetheirfriendswholeheartedlyandhaveproventobeloyalandthoughtfulfriends.Someofthembornwithshyparentshavesuccessfullybattledagainstbeingshy.Thiscontributestotheirconstantself-improvement,developingself-esteemandtryingtobeexposedtonewenvironments.Butinmostcases,shynessprovestobegenetic.Theyaresensitiveandaccustomedtogettingsuspicious.Becausesomepeopleareborntobeshy,theyletitgohang.Soifyou'refeelingshy,don'tworrybecauseyouarenotalone.Theyarenothot-headedandthinktwicebeforemakinganydecisions.Althoughshynessissomethingfrombirth,itcanbeimprovedovertime.Theyavoidcrowdsbynatureandstayawayfromgroupsandsocialinteractions.【答案】1.D2.A3.G4.E5.F【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章分析了人們會(huì)害羞的原因、介紹了害羞的弊端和益處以及害羞是可以慢慢克服的這一事實(shí)。.第一段是全文的開篇，前三句話“Shynessisnormalanditisnotconsideredasamentalproblem.Allpeoplehavebeenshyatonetimeoranother.Eventhemostconfidentpeopleexperiencedbeingshy.（害羞是正常的，它不被認(rèn)為是一種精神問(wèn)題。所有的人都曾有過(guò)害羞的時(shí)候。即使是最自信的人也會(huì)感到害羞）”講到害羞是正?，F(xiàn)象，所有人，包括最自信的人，都曾害羞過(guò)，D項(xiàng)“Soifyou'refeelingshy,don'tworrybecauseyouarenotalone.（所以，如果你感到害羞，不要擔(dān)心，因?yàn)槟悴皇且粋€(gè)人）”是本段的結(jié)論，正因?yàn)槿巳硕紩?huì)害羞，所以不用擔(dān)心，與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。.上文“Itmaybebecauseoftheenvironmentyouwereusedtoorthewayyouwerebroughtup.Certaineventsorincidentsinthepastmayalsoleadtothereasonwhyyouareshynow.（這可能是因?yàn)槟闼?xí)慣的環(huán)境或者你被撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的方式。過(guò)去的某些事情或事件也可能是導(dǎo)致你現(xiàn)在害羞的原因）”講感到害羞可能與成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境和特定事件等外部因素有關(guān)，而下文“Mostshypeoplehaveshyparentsandrelativesanditisnotsurprisingtofindoutthattheytoohavebecomeshypersons』大多數(shù)害羞的人都有害羞的父母和親戚，所以不難發(fā)現(xiàn)他們也成了害羞的人）''講害羞可能來(lái)自父母親戚的遺傳、基因，是內(nèi)部因素，上下文之間有轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系,A項(xiàng)-Butinmostcases,shynessprovestobegenetic.（但在大多數(shù)情況下，害羞是遺傳的）“起到承上啟下的作用。故選A項(xiàng)。.根據(jù)下文“Thisapparentlyinfluencestheirsociallifeaswellaswork,familyandotheraspectsoftheirli奧.（這顯然影響了他們的社會(huì)生活以及工作、家庭和生活的其他方面廠中指示代詞this可知，上文中應(yīng)出現(xiàn)其指代內(nèi)容，而且該內(nèi)容會(huì)影響到人們的社會(huì)生活以及工作、家庭和生活的其他方面，G項(xiàng)“Theyavoidcrowdsbynatureandstayawayfromgroupsandsocialinteractions.(他們天生避開人群，遠(yuǎn)離群體和社會(huì)交往)”中所描述害羞的人會(huì)“避開人群，遠(yuǎn)離群體和社會(huì)交往”這一行為，會(huì)對(duì)人們的方方面面造成極大的影響，正是下文代詞this指代的對(duì)象，與下文構(gòu)成邏輯上的順承關(guān)系。故選G項(xiàng)。.根據(jù)段首中心句“Whileshynesshasnegativeaspects,ithaspositivesides.(雖然害羞有消極的方面，但它也有積極的方面廣可知，本段主要介紹“害羞”的積極意義，E項(xiàng)"Theyarenothot-headedandthinktwicebeforemakinganydecisions.(他們不會(huì)頭腦發(fā)熱，在做任何決定之前都會(huì)再三考慮)”講害羞的人做事情會(huì)深思熟慮,這是對(duì)中心句中“positivesides”的舉例說(shuō)明，同時(shí)，與其上文和下文構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，都是對(duì)中心句的舉例說(shuō)明。故選E項(xiàng)。.根據(jù)下文“Someofthembornwithshyparentshavesuccessfullybattledagainstbeingshy.Thiscontributestotheirconstantself-improvement,developingself-esteemandtryingtobeexposedtonewenvironments.(一些人出生時(shí)父母就很害羞，但他們成功地戰(zhàn)勝了害羞。這有助于他們不斷自我完善，發(fā)展自尊，嘗試接觸新環(huán)境)”可知［,本段主要講了害羞是可以戰(zhàn)勝的，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Althoughshynessissomethingfrombirth,itcanbeimprovedovertime.(雖然害羞是與生俱來(lái)的，但它可以隨著時(shí)間的推移而改善廣講害羞可以改善，作為段首中心句，是對(duì)全段內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)確概括，且句中“itcanbeimproved"與下文"theirconstantself-improvement,developingself-esteem”相照應(yīng)。故選F項(xiàng)。III.語(yǔ)法填空(每小題1.5分，共15分)(2021?重慶市開州中學(xué)高三期中)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThreeChineseastronautssafelyreturnedtoEarthonSeptember17aftercompletingthefirstmannedmissionaboardtheShenzhou-12spacecraft.ThemissionwasledbyNieHaisheng,theoldestmemberoftheteam,inhisthirdtripintospace.LiuBoming,thesecond1.(old)teammember,joinedChina's2008spacemissionwherehehelpedZhaiZhigangbecomethefirstChineseastronaut2.(take)aspacewalk.ForTangHongbo,theyoungestmember,itwasthefirsttimethathe3.(travel)tospace,despitetrainingfor11years.Theyspentthreemonthsundertakinga4.(various)ofscheduledtasksinthecoremoduleoftheplannedspacestation,whichisstill5,construction.“Ibelievewiththe6.(continue)developmentofChina'sstrengths,therewillbemoreastronautssettingnewrecordsandmakingnewbreakthroughs.,,Neisaidinapost-landinginterview.TheBeijingAerospaceFlightControlCenterdeclaredthemission7,completesuccess.Themissionwasthethirdof118.(launch)fbrChina'sspacestationconstruction,9,isexpectedtofinishbytheendof2022.Ifsuccessfully10,(complete),thestationisexpectedtooperatefor10years.【答案】1.oldest2.totake3.hadtravelled4.variety5.under6.continuous?.a8.Ipleted【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了中國(guó)神州12號(hào)宇航飛船成功完成太空飛行任務(wù)后，安全返回地球的事件。.考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：劉博明是團(tuán)隊(duì)中第二年長(zhǎng)的成員。他參與了中國(guó)2008年太空飛行任務(wù)。那一次任務(wù)中，他幫助翟志剛成為第一位太空行走的中國(guó)人。The+序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+（名詞）為固定表達(dá)。故填oldest。.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：劉博明是團(tuán)隊(duì)中第二年長(zhǎng)的成員。他參與了中國(guó)2008年太空飛行任務(wù)。那一次任務(wù)中，他幫助翟志剛成為第一位太空行走的中國(guó)人。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞helped,且該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作astronaut的后置定語(yǔ)。又由于前有序數(shù)詞修飾該名詞，慣常使用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。故填t。take。.考查謂詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：對(duì)最年輕的唐洪波來(lái)說(shuō)，這是他第一次進(jìn)行太空飛行。Itwasthefirsttimethat...為固定句型，意為：這是某人第一次做某事。如前面主句的系動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句謂語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadtravelledo.考查名詞。句意：他們花了三個(gè)月在計(jì)劃建成的空間站核心艙內(nèi)完成各項(xiàng)既定的任務(wù)。該空間站仍然在建造中。avarietyof為固定搭配,意為：各種各樣的。故填variety。.考查介詞。句意：他們花了三個(gè)月在計(jì)劃建成的空間站的核心艙內(nèi)完成各項(xiàng)既定的任務(wù)。該空間站仍然在建造中。beunderconstruction為固定搭配，意為：正在施工；正在建造中。故填under。.考查形容詞。句意：我相信，隨著中國(guó)太空技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展強(qiáng)大，屆時(shí)將會(huì)有更多的宇航員創(chuàng)造新的紀(jì)錄，實(shí)行新突破。由空格后的名詞可知，該處應(yīng)使用形容詞，作定語(yǔ)。故填continuous。.考查冠詞。句意：北京航天飛行控制中心宣布此次太空飛行取得圓滿成功。該處應(yīng)使用不定冠詞，泛指一次成功的任務(wù)，complete首字母的發(fā)音為輔音音素。故填a。.考查名詞。句意：中國(guó)太空站建造完成需要進(jìn)行11次這樣的航天器發(fā)射，預(yù)計(jì)將于2022年年底完成，此次神州12號(hào)太空飛行是第三次。由空格前的數(shù)詞11可知I,該空格處應(yīng)填寫名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填launches。.考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意：中國(guó)太空站建造工程的完成需要進(jìn)行11次這樣的航天器發(fā)射，預(yù)計(jì)將于2022年年底完成，此次神州12號(hào)太空飛行是第三次?？崭窈蟮木渥有揎椙懊娴拿~（即先行詞尸construction”,且從句缺少主語(yǔ)。先行詞為物，且該從句為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。故填which。.考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。句意：如果成功完成，該太空站將能運(yùn)營(yíng)10年之久。條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，則從句部分中主語(yǔ)可以省略；且由于該從句主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞提示詞為被動(dòng)邏輯關(guān)系，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的助動(dòng)詞be也可以省略。故填completedoIV.應(yīng)用文寫作（15分）（2021.河南?高三開學(xué)考試）你校正在組織英語(yǔ)作文比賽，請(qǐng)你以“Myfavoriteinvention”為題，寫一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容包括：.發(fā)明簡(jiǎn)介；.喜愛的原因。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；.短文題目和首句已為你寫好。MyfavoriteinventionWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,manynewinventionshavecomeintoourlife.【答案】Onepossibleversion:MyfavoriteinventionWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,manynewinventionshavecomeintoourlife.Theyenableustoliveaneasierandmoreconvenientlife.Ofalltheinventions,Iliketherobotcleanerbest.Therobotcleanercangointosomenarrowareaslikeunderthesofa,thebedandotherfurmnitureeasily.Besides,it'scompletelyautonomousincleaning.Oncesetproperly,itcancalculatethecleaningsize,designthecleaningroute,andconductthecleaningtaskallbyitself.Whafsmore,it'sequippedwithrechargeablebatteriesan