英語(yǔ)文件-寫作筆記

“表達(dá)”評(píng)判提升表達(dá)的途徑變換用詞Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonthismatter.Notionsaboutthismatterdifferwidely.CommentsonthismatterareForexample,Casestothispointareabundant,butthisonewillThefollowingillustrations(Illustrationtocome)arefamiliarandarewithineasyWeshouldrememberthevalueofWeshouldbearinmindthesignificanceof….remember,stand,putupwith,endure,適度省略Haveyoueverthoughtofthefeelingofbeingexposedtovariedoptions?Ifso,youmayunderstandtheawkwardnessofthegroupofgraduatesinthepicture.Inthecartoon,thegroupofgraduatesisfacinguptofourchoices–strivingforfurthereducation,studyingabroad,huntingforajob,orstartingabusiness–ceasingtheirstepsandwonderingwheretoHaveyoueverthoughtofthefeelingofcooperatingwithothers?Ifso,youmayunderstandtheexcitementofthemeninthepicture.Twohandicappedmen,supportingeachother,aremarchingtowardtheircommondestination,leavingtheircrutchesbehind,onwhichtheyusedtorely.變換語(yǔ)序a.Iamwriting,humbly,toextendmygratitudeheartandb.語(yǔ)法倒裝部分：Seldom/Scarcelydowepayattentionto…,butthecartoonforcesustohaveadeepinsightinto….完全：地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)（移動(dòng)、處所、主語(yǔ)名詞[Undertheridiculousappearanceofthecartoon],liesasimpletruth:c.修辭倒裝Emergingfromthecartoonisanironicscenethat…….Exhibitedbythecartoonisasarcasticscenariothat…..Displayedbythecartoonisaninspiringscenariothat…..Portrayedbythecartoonisaninstructivescenariothat…..Depictedbythecartoonis armingscenariothat…..變換成分Agroupofgraduatesarefacinguptofourchoices–strivingforfurthereducation,studyingabroad,huntingforajob,orstartingabusiness–ceasingtheirstepsandwonderingwheretoTwohandicappedmen,supportingeachother,aremarchingtowardtheircommondestination,leavingtheircrutchesbehind,onwhichtheyusedtorely.變換邏輯e.g.Thetimeforsharpeningpencils,arrangingdesks,ratherthanwriting,hasWehavetoWehavenoalternativesbuttoAcanaffectBmostNootherfactorscanaffectBsogreatlyasForexample,ThereshouldbenobetterillustrationsthanthefollowingIcanfigureoutnobetterdemonstrationthanthefollowing使用問(wèn)句forAren’tthefollowingcasesconvincing?Willnotthefollowingcasessuffice?ArethereanyothercasesmoreconvincingthanthisThereareseveralstepstobetaken.Firstly,….Secondly,….Onlyinthisway,canweachieveabrighterfuture.Howcanwestepoutoftheshadow?….Howcanwecrackthishardnut?Weshouldputanendtothisproblem,but簡(jiǎn)單修辭擬Whenthegreenhousewasremoved,theflowerwasswallowedbytheTheycrazystormtearsuptheflowerwhenitismovedawayfromthe比明喻、暗喻、借喻、提喻Lazinessisamillstone,killingoffouryouth排回Youdon’thavetobegreattostart,butyouhavetostarttobeWearelivinginasocietyinwhiutualassistanceisAvolunteerhelagrandpa[inaAseat-lendersupportingapregnantlady[inaAkid-defenderrescuingahomelesschild[inaDoyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescience?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.避免明顯的錯(cuò)誤方案一基調(diào)

第一段簡(jiǎn)要描述，略微引Portrayedinthecartoonis scenethatEmergingfromthecartoonis scenariothatUndertheamusing/ridiculousappearanceliesasocialphenomenonthat相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)（變換成分引ThecartoonistisremindingallofusthatBythismetaphor,theauthorofthecartoonwarningthecharactersinthepicture,aswellasallofus,that….Sample(1)Emergingfromthecartoonisanironicscenethatcollegestudentsaretopassexaminationsbyanymeans.(2)Thefirstlinereads“therewouldbenoupgradewithoutcheatinginexams”,whilethesecondlinebears“theypreferdecentscorestotheirdignity”.(3)ThecartoonistiswarningusthatstudentsinmountingnumbersnolongercherishthevirtueofThehorizontalHefangPreferAtoBDecentscorerow/Thefirstplanto…betodo….Sample(1)Emergingfromthecartoonisarmingscenethat(2)holdingagunandhidinginthebush,heisstaringattheskywherehumanbeingsaresoaring,toshootpeopleforrevenge.(3)Thecartoonistiswarningusthatwemaypayapriceforwhatwedidwiththenature.whatwedowith方案二反問(wèn)共鳴細(xì)節(jié)SampleHaveyoueverthoughtofthefeelingofbeingattacked?（2）Ifso,youmayunderstandtheangerofthebirdinthepicture.(3)Inthecartoon,holdingagun,hidinginthebush,andstaringatthesky,he,whosepeersoncewerehuntedbyhuman,istoshootpeopleforrevenge.SampleHaveyoueverthoughtofthefeelingofacceptingorofferingassistancefromortoIfso,youmayunderstandthewarmthfeltbytwomeninthepicture.(3)Inthecartoon,aMr.“Help-Provider”isofferingwhathecould,inhismindwhatheshould,whileaMr.“Help-Accepter”isextendinghisgratitudeheartandsoul,whichisreallyasceneofgreatSample（1）Haveyoueverthoughtofthefeelingoffacingtheexaggerationofthepowerofmoneyabig-fish?（2）Ifso,youmayunderstandthesorrowoftheshopclerkinthepicture.(3)Inthecartoon,awealthyguyintendtobuy“health,happiness,orfame”withmoney.Beingtoldthattheseitemsarenotforsale,heinsiststooffermoremoney,whiakestheclerkembarrassed.(1)Emergingfromthecartoonisathough-provokingscenariothat(2)awealthyguyintendtobuy“health,happiness,orfame”withmoney.Beingtoldthattheseitemsarenotforsale,heinsiststooffermoremoney,whichmakestheclerkembarrassed.(3)Bythismetaphor,theauthorofthecartooniswarningtherichman,aswellasallofus,thatweshouldneverexaggeratethepowerofmoney.方案一：化立論為駁論陳舊觀點(diǎn)

第二段點(diǎn)明寓意，原因影響范ItusedtobeacceptedthatItoncewasimaginedbymanythatItoncewasa“conventionalwisdom”thatA“conventionalwisdom”oncehaditthat提出質(zhì)疑Now,however,isthisviewstilltheCurrently,though,isthisviewstillAtthetimebeing,yet,isthispointofviewstillPresently,nevertheless,isthiscommentstill充實(shí)論據(jù)Casesagainstthepointareabundant,butthisonewillCasesagainstthepointareabundantandarewithineasyIs(Are)notthefollowcase(s)sufficienttoagainstthetraditional得出結(jié)論(-)Evidently,…h(huán)as eastoryofthepast.Thelossof…ispoisonousto…,letaloneto….(+)Evidently,…h(huán)as eastoryofthepast.Therevivalof…iselevatingto…,nottomentionto….Sample(1)Itusedtobeacceptedbymanythatnoothergroupsinthewideworldcanbesohonestascollegestudnets.(2)Now,however,isthisviewstillvalid?(3)Casesagainstthispointareabundant,butthisonewillsuffice.Itisnotsurprisingtoseesomecandidatesgesturing,whispering,andevendeliveringkeysbymobilephonesduringexaminations.(4)Evidently,students’honestyhas eastoryofthepast.Thelossoffaithfulnessispoisonoustothequalityofcurrenteducation,letalonetofutureofthem.Seesb.ng（scripts,peek,gesture,whisper,baidu,,mobilephone,無(wú)線耳機(jī)Sample(1)Itusedtobeacceptedbymanythatwearelivinginasocietywherethesenseofenvironment-protectionispervasive.(2)Now,however,isthisviewstillvalid?(3)Casesagainstthispointareabundant,butthisonewillsuffice.Itisnotsurprisingtoseesomefolksshootingwildanimalsforfun,cookingthemforfood,andevensellingthemforprofit.(4)Evidently,theattentiontoourenvironmenthas eastoryofthepast.Thelossoftheattentionispoisonoustothebalanceoftheecologicalsystem,letalonetooursurvivalinthefuture.Some方案二：化蒼白為哲理哲理引入Whatthecartoonconveyscanbesummarizedasamotto/principle/doctrine:Whatawisemanonceputcanbetheimplicationofthecartoon:Theimplicationofthecartooncan edasasimpletruth:闡釋哲理Thatis,Inotherwords,Or,putanotherway,Simplystateit,充實(shí)論據(jù):范例、原因、影響、數(shù)據(jù)、對(duì)比得出結(jié)論：借圖中角色道明結(jié)論Nowonderthe…inthepictureSample(1)Whatawisemanonceputhappenstobetheimplicationofthecartoon:“thenaturemaytreatusthewaywedo”.(2)Inotherword,itmayrewardusifweareonharmonywithit,whilemaypunishusifwemistreatit.(3)Thepastdecadehaswitnessedexcessiveexploitationofnaturalresources,whichtriggerstheexhaustionoftheseresources,inturntherocketingofourlivingcost.(4)Nowonderthebirdinthepictureiswarningusthatdon’tcommitsuchmisconductsanymore.Not…anymore.CommitmisdeedsRunoutofTheincreaseofourlivingcostThesoaringofourlivingcostSample(1)Whatawisemanonceputhappenstobetheimplicationofthecartoon:“l(fā)abormakeshuman,andmutualassistancemakeshumansociety”.(2)Inotherwords,anyone,withoutsupportfromothers,canhardlyleadanormallife.(3)Thepastdecadehaswitnessedtherevivaloftheatmosphereofmutualhel,whichevokesimprovedinter alrelationship,inturnasocietyofgreatharmony.(4)NowonderthesetwomeninthepictureareremindingusthatneverhesitatetolendahellendahelhandTakegoodcareofitGetonwellwithitBeongoodtermwithitBeonharmonywithitleadtoresultingiveriseto

第三段結(jié)合上文論調(diào)，態(tài)度決心對(duì)策A社會(huì)弊病、生態(tài)環(huán)境（對(duì)策）控制點(diǎn)：內(nèi)控、外控從外控內(nèi)外控：Correspondinglawsandregulations/disciplinesandschoolregulationsshouldbecarriedout.Officialintervention/InterventionfromschoolauthoritiesshouldbecastonPenaltiesorfinesshouldemployed/enacted/activatedNewsocialnormsshouldbesetup/Supervisionfrommassmediashouldbeputon內(nèi)控：self-discipline/self-restriction/self-theawarenessof…shouldbeadvocatedbythemassTherightattitudetoward…shouldbecultivated/nurturedbyfamilies,schools,orsocialadministrations.決外內(nèi)展(1)Wearesupposedtodrawtheproblemofeco-destructiontoanend,buthow?(2)Itissuggestedbymanythatweareinneedofapackagedeal,involvinglawsandregulationsconcerningourenvironment,interventionfromenvironmentgroups,andpenaltiesorfines.(3)Itisaway,butanineffectiveway.Actually,wealsoneedtheawareness–advocatedbymassmedia–thatwewouldbehomelessifwemistreattheearth,ouronlyhome.(4)Withthesemeasuresreinforcingeachother,wewillputanendtotheproblem.B社會(huì)風(fēng)尚、箴言哲理（態(tài)度疑啟決計(jì)(1)IusedtowonderandponderwhetherIshouldhelpothersatthecostofmyowntimeandenergy?(2)Withtheenlightenmentfromthepicture-itisavirtuetoassistotherswithoutanyhesitation,(3)Iamdeterminedtosparenoefforttoofferhelptothosewhoareinneed.(4)Specifically,Iamtoenriyknowledge,enhancemysocialabilities,andbereadytoprovidewhatIcouldtoanyoneeagerforhelp.圖表作文段落框架第一段：圖表趨勢(shì)，具體變化第二段：原因分析，具體闡釋第三段：個(gè)人態(tài)度，前景展望(1)Emergingfromthecolumnchartarethesignificantchangesin…(2)Tobespecific,thepast…yearshaswitnessedtherapidincreasein…,(3)whichwas panied(followed)bythedropof….(1)Itwaswidelysharedthatthesechangesweremainlycausedby….(2)However,arethesefactorscomprehensiveenoughtoexplainthechanges?Actually,…isthemajorcontributingfactor.(3)Inthepast…years,…,whichnotonlybroughtthem…,butalsohelpedto….(1)Iusedtowonderandponderwhether….(2)Withtheenlightenmentfromthechart-…,Icanforeseethatweareto….Emergingfromthecolumnchartarethesignificantchangesinthemarketshareofcarindustry.Tobespecific,thepasttwoyearshaswitnessedtherapidincreaseinthesharetakenbydomesticcarbrands,whichwas paniedbythedropofshareownedbyJapanesecarbrands.ItwaswidelysharedthatthesechangesweremainlycausedbyJapaneseprice-disadvantagesandrecall-crisis.However,arethesefactorscomprehensiveenoughnowtoexplainthechanges?Actually,thedevelopmentofChinesecarindustryisthemajorcontributingfactor.Inthepasttwentyyears,Ch