2022屆高考英語閱讀理解專項訓練（二）

2022屆高考英語閱讀理解專項訓練（二）A閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案.BenjaminFranklinsaidthat,“Ifyouwantsomethingdone,askabusyperson."ThafshowMannyAbreupractices.ThroughouthisfouryearsatKellenbergMemorialHighSchoolintheUS,Abreumadecommunityserviceanimportantpartofhislife.don'tknowwherehefindsthetimetodoeverything/9saidErinRonan,Abreu'smathteacher."He'strulyaclassact（出色的人）Asanhonorsstudent,Abreu,18,tookpartindifferentvoluntaryactivitiesafterschool,duringweekendsandsummerholidays.Theseincludedhelpingstaffatthepubliclibrary,doinglandscapeworkatKellenbergandservingcustomersatalocalrestaurant.Butfacedwithalimitednumberofhoursinaday,Abreulefthislibraryjoblastsummertostartworkingasanemergencymedicaltechnician-arolethatfitshispassionformakingadifferenceinotherpeople'slives.“Myappreciation（喜愛）forservicehasguidedmeintogivingback,“saidAbreu,whoissettinghissightsonbecomingadoctor."It'ssucharewardingfeelingtohelpsomeone.”Duringhisyearsathighschool,Abreudevotedbetween40and50hoursofhistimeeachyeartovolunteerwork-morethandoubletheschooPsannual（每年的）requirementof20hours.Forallhishardwork,Abreuwaswelcomedintoaleadershipclubthatorganizesfellowstudents9volunteeractivities.StMartindePorresMarianistSchool（Kellenberg^sisterschool）alsobenefitedfromAbreu'sdevotion.ThroughhisschooPsSmartClubprogram,hevoluntarilyprovidedhomeworkhelpandplayedgameswiththejuniorhighschoolstudents.Abreuthankedhisparentsforinspiringhimtodotherightthing,sayingtheyare"themostselflesspeopleIknow”.Herememberedwhenhewasabout6yearsold,andhismotherinvitedadisadvantagedneighborhoodboytohavedinner.Uponobserving（觀察）theboy'shappiness,Abreucameawaywithasenseofhowhewantedtolivehisownlife-"Iwon'tfocusonmyowndesires（愿望）.I'llhelpasmanypeopleasIcanJhesaid.WhatdoweknowaboutMannyAbreu?Hedidn'tdowellinmath.Hedidalotofvolunteerwork.HefollowedBenjaminFranklin*sexample.Hefellbehindothersbecauseofafter-schoolactivities.WhatmadeAbreuwanttoworkasamedicaltechnician?Hisloveofbeingpraisedbyotherpeople.Hislackoftimetodoanyotherjob.Hiswishtoimprovethelivesofothers.Hishopetotrydifferenttypesofjobs.WhatdidAbreugetfromhishardwork?Itgavehimasenseofself-worthtohelpothers.Itmadehisfamilypopularamongtheirneighbors.Itgavehimachancetoattendmedicalschoolforfree.Itmadehimstandoutasaleaderathisschool.B閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案AmericanandBritishEnglisharesimilarinmanyways.Forexample,themajorityofthespellingsandgrammarrulesarelargelythesame.However,beyondsimplespellingslikecolour（UK）andcolor（US）,thetwolanguagestrulydiverge（有區(qū)另ll）throughspeech.Taketheaccents（口音）ofChrisEvans,thestarofCaptainAmerica,andRowanAtkinson,whoplayedMrBean,asanexampleofhowfarthetwolanguagesdifferinmoderntimes.Buthaveyoueverwonderedhowthischangecameabout?Forthat,wehavetolookattheoriginsofbothdialects.AccordingtotheBBC,BritishEnglishdatesbackto449AD,whentheSaxonsandtheAngles—tribes（部落）frommodern-dayGermanyandDenmark-invaded（入侵）Britain,replacingtheancientCelticlanguage.AsCelticgraduallyfaded,anearlyformofBritishEnglishemergedwithinfluencesfromFrenchandLatin.ItlaterbecamestandardthroughouttheUKfollowingthefirstcompleteModemEnglishtranslationoftheBible（《圣經(jīng)》）in1535andtheemergenceofplaywrightslikeWilliamShakespeare.ThiswentontoformBritishEnglishasweknowtodayandwasheavilyinfluencedbytheaccentspokeninLondon.AcrosstheAtlanticHowever,acrosstheAtlanticOcean,Indo-Europeanlanguagesspokenbymigrants（移民）,regionaldialectsofBritishcolonists（殖民地開拓者）andNativeAmericanwordsallformedthebasisofUSEnglish.Newwordsalsoarosefromtheneedtoexplainunfamiliarlandscapes,animalsandlivingconditions,buttheysoonturnedintoarevolutionary（革命性的）toolduringtheindependencemovement.In1789,lexicographer（詞典編纂者）NoahWebsterwrote,uAsanindependentnation,ourhonorrequiresustohaveasystemofourown,inlanguageaswellasgovernment.”Post-revolutionUSEnglishkeptchangingbasedonneighboringcultures.ThiscanstillbeseenthroughstatenamessuchasDelawareandIllinois,whichwerenamedafterNativeAmericantribes,andColoradoandNevada,whichwereinfluencedbySpanishcolonizersinthe1800s.Thesedays,BritonsandAmericansstillargueoverterminology（術語）andspellings.Buttheirdifferencesformakeypartofeachnation'shistoricalculture.Indeed,itshowsthetruthbehindthephrase,"BritainandAmerica,twonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage.”4.WhyareChrisEvansandRowanAtkinsonmentionedinparagraph2?Toshowthetwolanguageshavethesamegrammarrules.Totellreadershowtotellthetwolanguagesapart.ToexplainwhyAmericanandBritishEnglishdiffer.Togivereadersanexamplehowthelanguagesdiffer.WhatcanweknowaboutBritishEnglish?ItsearliestformistheancientCelticlanguage.IthasbeeninfluencedbyFrenchandLatin.C.ItsoundssimilartoGermanandDanish.D.Shakespeare^workswerewritteninStandardBritishEnglish.Whatdoparagraphs5-7mainlytalkabout?Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandpolitics.ThewayAmericancultureswereformed.TheinfluenceofBritishEnglishonAmericanEnglish.ThehistoryanddevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablysuggestpeopledowhenarguingoverthedifferencesbetweenthelanguages?Understandandaccepttheirdifferences.Choosewordswithsimplerspellings.Studythetwocountries9cultures.Asklanguageexpertsforhelp.C閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案Mosthumansareabletorecognizeabout1milliondifferentcolors,butsomepeoplecan'trecognizethismanybecauseofsomethingcalledcolorblindness（色盲）.Inrarecases,somepeoplecan'tseeanycolorsatall.Therearethreecone-shaped（錐形的）cellsatthebackofoureyesthatallowustoseecolors.Thesecellsabsorb（吸收）lightwavesandsendamessagetothebrain,wheretheimageisprocessed.Ifsomethingiswrongwiththesecone-shapedcells,thiscanresultincolorblindness.Thankfully,specialcolor-correctingglasseshavealreadybeenmadetohelpfixsometypesofcolorblindness.Now,accordingtoresearchpublishedinOpticsLetters,scientistshaveprovidedanotherchoice.SharonKarepovandTaiEllenbogen,engineersfromTelAvivUniversityinIsrael,havefoundawaytoapplythistechnologytocontactlenses（隱形眼鏡）.Thisisgoodnewsforthemillionsofpeopleworldwidewhosufferfromcolorblindness.Oneofthemostcommontypesofcolorblindnessisred-greencolorblindness.Peoplewhohavethisspecifictypeofvisualimpairment（視覺障礙）havedifficultytellingthecolorsredandgreenapart."Problemswithdistinguishing（區(qū)分）redfromgreeninterruptsimpledailyroutinessuchasdecidingwhetherabananaisripeJKarepovexplained.Karepovalsostressedtheimportanceofapplyingthisfindingtocreatespecialcontactlensesinsteadofrelyingoncolor-coiTectingglasses.uGlassesbasedonthiscorrectionconcept（概念）arecommerciallyavailable（可以買到的）.However,theyaresignificantlybulkier（笨重的）thancontactlenses/9Karepovsaid."Ourcontactlenses...createacustomized,compactanddurable（耐用的）waytoaddressthesedeficiencies（缺陷）Thisnewresearchisgroundbreaking（開創(chuàng)性的）.Inadditiontoofferingthosewhoarecolorblindanotheroption,itmayleadtosolutionsforothervisualimpairments.Whatcancausecolorblindness,accordingtothearticle?Onlyonetypeofconc-shapcdcellexistsintheeyes.Cone-shapedcellscannotprocessimagesreceived.Thebrainfailstoabsorbandprocesslightwaves.Cone-shapedcellsprobablydon'tworkproperly.Whatistrueaboutpeoplewithcolorblindness?Theycanrecognize1milliondifferentcolors.Theyarenotinterestedincolorfulstuff.Theymayfinddailytasksmoredifficult.Theyhavefewercone-shapedcellsthanotherpeople.Whatistheadvantageofthecontactlensesovertheglasses?A.Theyaremuchsmaller.Theyareeasiertomake.Theyaremuchcheaper.Theycanhelpcorrectcolorblindness.WhyisSharonKarepovandTaiEllenbogen^researchgroundbreaking?A.Ithasledtoacureforcolorblindness.Ithasfoundcausesofvisualimpairments.Itcouldleadtosolutionsforothervisualimpairments.Ithashelpedtodevelopglassestofixvisualimpairments.D閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。Whyarepeopletakingpicturesoftheirfaces,theirhobbiesandtheirfood?Whydowecaptureeverysinglemoment?Ican'treallygiveyouananswer,becausehonestly,Iamoneofthosepeoplewhotakephotographsofeverything.Thespecialthingaboutphotographyisthatwecancapturemomentsanywhereandanytime.Allweneedforthisisoursmartphone-somethingthatrarelyleavesourside.Comparedtootherformsofvisual（視覺的）art,youdon'tneedanyspecialtalentfbrit.Everysingleoneofuscangetstartedwiththiswonderfulhobby,nomatterifyourgoalistosellyourphotographsorjusttokeepthemforyourownviewingpleasure.Everypictureyoutakeisapersonalstory.Thereisnopaintingwithoutcontext（背景）.However,unlikeapainting,youdon'tneedtospendhoursofyourtimeonit.Itisawaytoexpressyourself,withlittletonoskillinvolved.Ifyouprefertoshareyourpictureswiththeworld,youcanalsogetimmediatefeedback（B|J時反饋）.Cameraphonesallowustouploadourpicturesinafewseconds.Picturesconnectandshowthepeoplearounduswhatisgoingoninourliferightnow.Themostamazingthingformeiswithoutquestiontheabilitytocaptureeverysinglemomentinmylifewithjustasingleclickofabutton（按鈕）.Thisenablesmetoremembereveryexperienceasithappens.It5scrazyhowtheemotionsofonesinglepicturecanthrowyoubackintime.Wecanconnecttoourpast,nomatterwhereweare