2022屆高考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（四）

2022屆高考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（四）A閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案.Insteadofheadinghomeordiningatarestauranttocelebratetheendoftheworkweek,electricalengineerChuQingwasreadytobeginhis"secondjob”asacitizenscientist（公民科學(xué)家）.Armedwithtelemeters（遙測(cè)儀），Chuandhisfriendslocate（確定的準(zhǔn)確地點(diǎn)）frogsinShanghai'sCenturyParkeveryweekend.Thiscitizenscienceproject,whichlastsuntilSept30,isoneofmanythattheShanghaiNaturalHistoryMuseumstartedinAugust.Themuseuminvitedvolunteerstolookforfrogsaroundthecityandrecordhowthesecreaturesmove.Withonlysixspecies（種類）oftheanimalleftinShanghai,urban（城市的）plannerscanusethisinformationtoprotectthefrogsbyprovidingenoughspacewhendesigningnewparksinthecity.Theconcept（概念）ofcitizenscience,inwhichmembersofthepublichelpexpertsgatherdataforscientificresearch,datesbacktoatleast1900intheUS,andithasrecentlygrowninpopularityinChina.“Previously（在之前）,fieldwork,suchaswildlifemonitoring,wasperformedonlybyexpertsinuniversitiesorinstitutions（機(jī)構(gòu)）.But,withlimitedhumanresources,onlyafewplacesinthecitycouldbemonitored/5YuanXiao,deputyheadoftheShanghaiWildlifeProtectionandManagementAdministration,toldChinaDaily."Thedatagatheredbycitizenscoversthewholecity,andthisprovidesvaluableinformationforus.”O(jiān)netypicalexample,accordingtoYuan,isaprojectofShanghaiChenshanBotanicalGarden.Itoncetookfiveyearstofinishacitywideinvestigationofplants.Butiftheyhadreceivedhelpfromthepublic,itcouldhavebeenshortenedtooneyear.Tohelpscientistsfurtherstudythebiodiversityandencouragethepublictoembrace（擁抱）nature,theShanghaiNaturalHistoryMuseumreleasedanappcalledFindNature（《聽見萬物》）onAug15.Userscanuploadphotosandsoundsofinsects,birdsandotherwildanimals.uTherearealsosocietiesforinsectsandfrogs,andIamgladthemuseumhascreatedthisnewplatformtogatherpeoplearoundnature/9WangTianhou,aprofessorofecology（生態(tài)學(xué)）atEastChinaNormalUniversity,toldChinaDaily."Itletspeopleknowthateveryonecanbeascientistandcontributetoimportantresearch.Indeed,thereisnofastorslow—thereisonlyyourownterms,andyourownpace.WhatdoweknowaboutthecitizenscienceprojectinShanghai?ItwasstartedbyaShanghaicitizeninAugust.ItaimstostudydifferenttypesofwildlifeinShanghai.Itcallsonthepublictogatherdataforscientificresearch.ItcollectsopinionsofShanghaicitizensondesigningparks.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenfieldworkandcitizenscience?Whodoestheresearch.Whentheresearchisdone.Thepurposeoftheresearch.Theplacewheretheresearchisdone.WhyistheShanghaiChenshanBotanicalGardenprojectmentioned?Toshowtheimportanceofscientificresearch.Totellpeopletheadvantagesofcitizenscience.Toencouragepeopletoenjoythebeautyofnature.ToexplainwhytheappFindNaturewasdeveloped.WhatdidWangTianhouthinkoftheappFindNature?A.It'shelpful.It'shardtouse.It'snotpractical.It'sforspecificusers.B閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案Maybeyouarefamiliarwithscenesinmovieswhereapilothasencountered（遭遇）anissuemid-flightandyouhearhimshout“Mayday,mayday,mayday”.Butwhatdoes“mayday"mean?”Mayday“isaninternationallyrecognizeddistresscall（求救信號(hào)），mostlyusedbypilotsandboatcaptains.Thesignalcanbesentoutonanychannelbyradiocommunication.Thisemergencycalloriginatedinthe1920s.Atthattime,thestandarddistresscallwas"SOS”andwastypicallyusedbynavycaptains.ThemessagewassentinMorsecodebytelegraph.InMorsecode,“SOS"isthreedots（，點(diǎn)）,threedashes（線）andthreedots.Thesignalwasunmistakable.However,aircraftpilotsuseradiocalls,sosendingout"SOS"couldbemisheardasotherletters,suchas"F".FrederickStanleyMockford,aradioofficeratCroydonAirportinLondon,wasaskedtothinkofawordthatwouldindicatedistress.BecauseoftheamountofflightsthatflewbetweenCroydonandParis,hechosemayday,asitsoundssimilartotheFrenchword"m'aider"，whichmeans"helpme”.Facingathreateningsituation,pilotsarerequiredtorepeatthesignalthreetimesincaseofradiointerference（干擾）orloudbackgroundnoise.Ifthepilotsdon'tgetareplywithintwominutes,theyshouldrepeatit.Oncetheyreceiveareply,moreinformation,includingthecodeoftheflight,theircurrentsituationandthenumberofpeopleonboardshouldbereported.Sometimespilotsaredirectedtoanearbyairportorlocationwheretheycanmakeanemergencylanding.Whilemaydaysignalsindicatealife-threateningsituation,theydonotalwaysendinfatalities（死亡）.Despitedangers,airtravelisstillthesafestmeansoftransport.Makingasuccessfulemergencylanding①OnJan15,2009,USAirwaysflight1549wasscheduledtoflyfromNewYorkCitytoNorthCarolina.However,shortlyaftertakeoff,theplanecollidedwithaflockofgeese,causingbothenginestoshutdown.Luckily,thepilotswereabletomakeanemergencylandingintheHudsonRiverinNewYork.Ifabirdissuckedintotheengineofaplane,itcancausetheenginetolosethrust（推力）.②LiuChuanjian,aChinesepilotonSichuanAirlines3U8633,madeanemergencylandinginsouthwestChinaafterthecockpit（駕駛艙）windowbroke.Ifaplane'scockpitwindowbreakswhiletheaircraftisathighaltitude,therewouldberapiddecompression（減壓）-areductioninairpressure.Thiswoulddecreasethelevelofoxygenandcouldcausethoseonboardtopassout.Whatdoesthearticletellusabout“mayday”？ItisasignalmainlyusedinEuropeancountries.Itisonlyusedbypilotsandboatcaptains.Itwasinventedbyaradioofficerinthe1920s.Itwassentbytelegraphinthebeginning.Howis"SOS"writteninMorsecode?A....B?...C---D....—-...“Mayday“waschosenasadistresscallbecause?A.“SOS”waseasilymisheardbynavycaptains.itsoundssimilarto"m'aider”,theFrenchwordfbr“helpme”.C.itspronunciationissimilarto"distress“inFrench.D.ithadsomethingtodowiththeflightsatCroydonAirport.Whatdoesthesecond-to-lastparagraphmainlytalkabout?Whentousemaydaysignals.Whatmakesmaydaysignalsuseful.Howmaydaysignalswererecognized.Howtousemaydaysignalstocallforhelp.C閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案Iwasoftentoldbymymotherandgrandmotherandmyaunts-womenwhowereworldclassworriers-thatworryingisnotonlyasin（罪惡），butabigwasteoftime.Alwayshopeforthebest,theysaid,butmakesureyou'repreparedfortheworst.IstartedworryingwhenIwasfour,thedaymybrotherJoewasbornprematurely（早產(chǎn)）andhairless,likeafistwitheyes.Hespentweeksinanincubator，恒溫箱），afterwhichweweretoldhehadcerebralpalsy（腦癱），mightneverwalkandwastotallyblind.ForJoe,thingsoftenseemedtogofrombadtoworse.Goingtoschoolmeantleavinghomeasalittleboytoliveinadorm.Findingajobandasenseofindependencewouldprovenearlyimpossible.Helivesalonenowinpublichousing.Butforeveryheartacheanddisappointment,Joehassaidthanks.Hehastaughtmebyexamplethatgratitudebuildshope.Ifwearemindfulofallthewaysthatwe'vebeenblessed（祝福），it'seasiertobelievewe'llbeblessedagain.WhenIcalledJoeyesterday,Isaid,“Hey,darling,how[are]youdoing?^^“Well,riljusttellyou.Mylegsareburningandhurtingbad.”Hourslater,whenhecouldn'tstandthepain,Joecalled911.Mysisterphonedmethismorningwithafullreport.JoewasinthehospitalgettingIVantibiotics（抗生素）fbrinfectionsinbothlegs.He'llprobablybethereforafewdays.Icalledhimrightaway.Joesaidthis:"Don'tworryaboutme,sister.I'mjustthankfulfbrallthesegoodpeople-theEMTs（急救人員）,doctorsandnurses-totakesuchgoodcareofme.”Now,morethanever,weneedtoseeclearlylikemybrother-notwithoureyes,butwithourhearts.Gratitudeisalightthatshinesinthesoul,turningworryintohope,fearintojoy,weaknessintostrengthandwondersintowarriors（戰(zhàn)士）.WhatdoweknowaboutJoe?Hehasbeeninpoorhealthsincehewasborn.Hewasnotlikedbyhisfamilywhenhewasborn.Hehasspentlotsoftimeworryingabouthimself.Heliveswiththeauthorandistakengoodcareof.WhatwasJoelikewhenhewasinthehospitalfortreatment?A.Hewasconfidentabouthistreatment.Hecomplainedalotaboutthepain.Hewasalwaysfullofgratitude.Hefelthopelessabouthisfuture.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?Tostresstheimportanceofbeinghealthy.Toshowthateveryonehashisorhervalue.Totellpeoplesomethingaboutpublichousing.Toencouragepeoplewithhisbrother'sstory.D閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。WhenAriellaPachecowasalittlegirl,herparentsletherchooseanAmericanGirldoll.Shepickedtheonewiththehaircolorandstylethatmatchedherown.“Shelookedlikeme,andIfelttherewasapieceofmeinher,“saidPacheco,now17.“Youseeyourselfinadoll,andit'sreallyspecialtohavethatconnection.^^Butwhataboutchildrenwithraremedicalconditionswhodon'tlooklikeanyoneelse?Pachecowantedtogivethesechildrenthesamegiftshegotasachild.So,overthepastseveralmonths,shehasdesignedandsewn（縫）clothdollsforfourlocalkidswhohavefacialdifferencessuchasbirthmarksorsurgicalscars（手術(shù)傷疤）.“Ireallyvaluethebeautyinthelittlethings,“Pachecosaid."Eachofthesekidsisspecial.Ihopethroughthesedollstheycanseethemselvesinanewlightandreallyembrace（接納）theirbeauty.^^Pacheco,asenioratCathedralCatholicHighSchoolinCalifornia,US,gottheideaforthedollprojectafterrememberingamagazinestoryabout"ADollLikeMe“project,whichmakescustomlook-alikedollsforchildrenwithdisabilities.SoPachecoreachedouttoFreshStartSurgicalGifts,acharitableorganizationthatprovidesfreecosmetic（美容的）surgeriesandothermedicaltreatmentforchildren.Sheaskedifshecouldcreatesimilardollsforsomeofitsclients。項(xiàng)客）.ThenPachecogotfourdollrecipients（接受者）.Forthisproject,Pachecofoundouttherecipients9favoritesportsorhobbiesandtheirfavoritecolors.Shewatcheddoll-makingtutorials（教程）,thendesignedherownpatterns（圖案）andfiguredouthowtorecreatethechildren'sdifferencesthroughalongprocessoftrialanderror.Itwasimportanttoherthatthechildrencouldrecognizethemselvesinthedolls,butthattheirdifferenceswouldnotbethemostnoticeablefeature（特征）.ZulemaGillett,oneofthedollrecipients,lovestheideaofspecialdoll