介詞關(guān)系代詞

關(guān)于介詞關(guān)系代詞第一頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Preposition+which/+whomATTIBUTIVE:FOLLOWME!定語從句第二頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日介詞+關(guān)系詞的定義當(dāng)介詞后的賓語提前做為先行詞時(shí)，介詞可以放在定語從句中，也可提前放于關(guān)系詞前Heistheperson_____________youspoketothat/who/whomHeistheperson_______youspoke.whomThisisthehouse__________Ilivedin4yearsagoThisisthehouse______Ilived4yagothat/whichwhichtoin第三頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Thecity

which

shelives

in

isfaraway.Theman

whom

youspoke

to

isourheadmaster.Thefarm

which

weworkedontenyearsagoisbeautiful.Thisis

thetree

which

weusedtoplaygamesunder.Thefarm

on

which

weworkedtenyearsagoisbeautiful.Theman

to

whomyouspokeisourheadmaster.Thecity

in

which

shelives

isfaraway.Thisis

thetree

under

which

weusedtoplaygames.第四頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日介詞+關(guān)系詞的功能一、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中主要起關(guān)系副詞的作用，即在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只有whom,which和whose

三個(gè)，不能用that.二、介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。三、先行詞時(shí)物時(shí)，介詞后用關(guān)系詞which，先行詞是人時(shí)，介詞后用關(guān)系詞whom.四、表所屬關(guān)系時(shí)用ofwhich/whomTheboy_________parentsarebothdoctorswonthefirstplaceintheexam.whoseTheboytheparentsofwhomarebothdoctorswonthefirstplaceintheexam.=ofwhomtheparents第五頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日關(guān)系副詞when,where,why和介詞+which之間的關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which。第六頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日

1.Iwon’tforgetthedate

onwhichIwasborn.2.Thisistheroom

inwhichIlived.3.Idon’tknowthereason

forwhichhehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays

duringwhichtheylivedinTianjin.!5.Hangzhouistheplace

towhichIwentlastyear.6.Iremembertheday

onwhichmyfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.=when=where=why=when=where=when第七頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日介詞+關(guān)系詞中介詞的選擇根據(jù)從句所修飾的先行詞的需要來確定介詞。根據(jù)從句中謂語動(dòng)詞或形容詞搭配的需要來確定介詞。根據(jù)從句句意的需要來確定介詞。根據(jù)主從句搭配關(guān)系的需要來確定介詞。第八頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Themoney____whichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.Hewillneverforget

theday____whichhefailedintheexam.Thisis

themountainvillage____whichIstayedlastyear.I’llneverforget

thefarm______whichIworkedtogetherwithyou.一、根據(jù)從句所修飾的先行詞的需要來確定介詞withthemoney用錢onwithinonontheday在那天inthemountainvillage在山村onthefarm在農(nóng)場第九頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Heisreallytheperson

____whomwehavealottolearn.

Thegirl

_________whomyouaretalkingisworking.

TheWestLake,_____whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.

Theman

______whomIshookhandsjustnowismydaughter’sEnglishteacher.二、根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞或形容詞確定learnfromsb.向某人學(xué)習(xí)talkto/withsb.與某人交談befamousfor因?yàn)椤劽鹲hakehandswithsb.與某人握手fromto/withforwith第十頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日

Air,

________whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.三、根據(jù)定語從句句意或主從句的搭配關(guān)系來確定Thepen

_____whichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thisismypairofglasses,

________whichIcannotseeclearly.Heisthegirl

____whomyouwenttoconcertlastnight.withoutwithwithoutwith第十一頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日①一般情況下，介詞放在關(guān)系代詞which和whom之前，也可放在動(dòng)詞后。②固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前.常見的這類動(dòng)詞短語有:lookfor/after/forwardto、carefor、takecareof、hearof/about/from,等.ThisistherightplaceI’mlookingfor.Thegirlwhomheislookingafterishissister.

介詞+關(guān)系詞中介詞的位置第十二頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日

介詞﹢關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇,方法一是看從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞(習(xí)慣搭配),再則可以通過整個(gè)句子整體含義來判斷,結(jié)合生活實(shí)際來判斷.

Tips第十三頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日1.

Doyoulikethebookonwhichshespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebookforwhichshepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebookformwhichshelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks?

介詞+關(guān)系代詞的使用5.ThemantowhomIspokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.6.Glasses,withoutwhichIcan’tseeclearly,arereallyimportantforme.7.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichweareproud.8.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?第十四頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Thisistheteacherwhose

daughterisafamousdoctor.=Thisistheteacherthedaughterofwhom

isafamousdoctor.1.名詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞

Wehavethreeforeignteachers,

twoofwhom

arefromCanada.2.數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞(含基數(shù)詞.序數(shù)詞.分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)）第十五頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日3.代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞（代詞有all、both、none、either、either、some、any等）

Theoldwomanhastwosons,

bothofwhomareteachers.

Ihavemanyfriends,someofwhomarefromChina.4.形容詞最高級+介詞+關(guān)系代詞Chinahasthousandsofislands,

thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞Hespentfouryearsincollege,

duringwhichtimehestudiedmedicine.第十六頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Lookatthesesentences!

Weboughtahouseinfrontof______thereisalake.Wehadabarbecueonthefarmbehind_____wefoundawood.Mikereachedthepostoffice,ontherightof______henoticedasupermarket.whichwhichwhich第十七頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Theman___________Ishookhandsjustnowismydaughter’sEnglishteacher.Adesertisagreatplain_________nothingwillgrow.Hewastheman___________roomthethiefhadstolenthebag.Thisismypairofglasses,______________Icannotseeclearly.withwhominwhichfromwhosewithoutwhich第十八頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日5.Thegirl_______________hespokemadenoanswer.6.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_________aresoldabroad.7.Theyaskedmealotofquestions,many___________Icouldn’tanswer.Twomen,________________Ihadeverseenbefore,cameintomyoffice.我以前從未見過他們neitherofwhomtowhomofwhichofwhich第十九頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日9.Hegothisfirstsalary，___________hegavetohisparents.其中一半10.Ourcountryhasmanyislands,____________________isTaiwan.其中最大的11.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,________thesailingtimewas226days.thelargestofwhichhalfofwhichofwhich第二十頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日介詞加關(guān)系代詞的基本用法Theman__________youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.Theroom__________myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.Didyoufindthepen_________Iwrotejustnow?Didyoufindthepaper________Iwrotemyletter?Didyoufindthecomposition______Iwrotejustnow?withwhominwhichwithwhichonwhichwhich第二十一頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Thefarm

weworkedtenyearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.Heistheman

youcanturnforhelp.Thisisthetree

weusedtoplaygames.onwhichtowhomunderwhichonthefarm在農(nóng)場turntosb.forhelp向某人求助underthetree在樹下第二十二頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Thesungivesusheatandlight,_______________wecan’tlive.Thestudent___________weweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.I’llneverforgettheday__________shesaidgoodbyetome.Whocangivemethereason________hehasn’tturnedupyet?withoutwhichaboutwhomonwhichforwhich第二十三頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日1.Theteacher__________IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.2.Thisisthehouse__________LuXunoncelived.Thereason___________IcamehereisthatIwanttogetyourhelp.4.Thefellow________Ispokemadenoanswer.5.TheWestLake,___________Hangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.fromwhominwhichforwhichtowhomforwhich第二十四頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Practice

第二十五頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding______thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.I’llneverforgettheday____IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_____mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhomCAB第二十六頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,____sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_____hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_____muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhomBCD第二十七頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日7.Hebuiltatelescope___hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason____hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,____writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthemCDB第二十八頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日10.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich11.Chinahasmanyrivers,____theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_____Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhichACD第二十九頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日13.Thespeed____whichyoudriveyourcarmustn’ttoohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_____whichisbrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_____whichtherearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_______whichhewasnottoosure?17.Theyheldameeting,____whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.18.Thebook,_____whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.atofinaboutatfor第三十頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日19.Isthistheman____whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel_________whichtheycouldgotothefieldswithoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.21.WuDong,_____whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_____whichthisisoneexample,hroughwithof第三十一頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Iwillneverforgettheday_____Ifirstwenttoschool.狀語Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.賓語Thehouse____________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.賓語Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.狀語when(which/that)(which/that)whereThereason____hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.Thereason____________hegaveisn’tbelievable.賓語whythat\which\x第三十二頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanything

else_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what

考點(diǎn)一:that與which的區(qū)別先行詞為all,little,much,everything,nothing,no,something,anything等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that第三十三頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks

_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom先行詞為人和物的組合，關(guān)系代詞用that。若主句中有疑問代詞who或which，為了避免重復(fù),關(guān)系代詞用that。7.

Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it第三十四頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日6.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it

先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(thefirst),形容詞最高級(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that。5.Thelastplace___wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it

第三十五頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日

1.先行詞為all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代詞.2.先行詞被all,little,much,every,no,等修飾時(shí)。3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(thefirst),形容詞最高級(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等時(shí)。4.先行詞為人和物的組合。5.若主句中有疑問代詞who或者which，為了避免重復(fù),關(guān)系代詞用that。只用that的情況:考點(diǎn)一:that與which的區(qū)別第三十六頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichBthatCthisD.it只用which的情況:1.逗號后面2.介詞后面2.Theday______hewasbornwas

Aug

.20

,1952.AonwhichBthatCwhichD.this一個(gè)句子,兩個(gè)定語從句,為避免重復(fù),一個(gè)用that,另一個(gè)用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary____wasnewlyopentous.AthatBwhichCwhereDas第三十七頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日Anyone_____breaksthelawispunished.Those

_____breakthelawarepunished.He

_____breaksthelawispunished.在one,anyone,those指人時(shí)一般用“who”。he/she/I/they作先行詞時(shí),用“who”代替“that”.考點(diǎn)二:that與who的區(qū)別whowhowho第三十八頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日考點(diǎn)三:介詞+關(guān)系代詞提醒:介詞﹢關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一:根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞習(xí)慣搭配；方法二:根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。

注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which

或whom;不可用that或who代替。1.Themanwithwhomyoushookhands

justnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroominwhichmyfamily

liveusedtobeagarage.第三十九頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity

.Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.=Themanabout

whom

ItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.

關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時(shí)，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。但遇固定詞組時(shí)，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置。

Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor

?第四十頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日考點(diǎn)四：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換,但下列情況多用as。1.當(dāng)與such或thesame、so、as連用時(shí)，一般用as。

SuchbooksasyoutellmeareinterestingIhavethesameplanas

you.2.as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如…,正象…”之意，與之連用的詞有know、see、expect、Announce、pointout等。

Asweallknow,theearthisround.第四十一頁，共四十六頁，2022年，8月28日1._____Engelspointedout,labourcreatedmanhimself.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.TheysaidtheywereFrench._______wasn’ttrue.A.Which